Introduction to Canadian Government Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Canadian Government provides students with a foundational understanding of the structures, principles, and processes that shape the governance of Canada. The course examines the historical development of Canadian political institutions, explores the roles of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and analyzes the federal system and constitutional framework. Topics include the functioning of Parliament, the responsibilities of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, the importance of political parties and elections, and the impact of Indigenous governance. Through discussions and case studies, students gain insight into contemporary issues and debates within Canadian politics and public administration.
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Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 8th Edition by Christopher Cochrane
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Approaching the Study of Politics
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Q1) The institutional approach is closely linked to the historical approach.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) According to the institutional approach, what are the two main elements of politics and government that are considered to be the main essence of political analysis?
A)institutions and the constitution
B)bureaucracy and law
C)constitution and law
D)bureaucracy and courts
Answer: C
Q3) The notion that the operations of the state are so extensive that they are connected to virtually every aspect of society is called the state-centred approach.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Institutional Foundations and the Evolution of the State
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Q1) The Act of Union united Ontario and Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The word "confederation" used by the Fathers of Confederation is actually the opposite of its intended meaning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What did the Durham Report recommend?
A)the creation of Prince Edward Island
B)municipal governing policies
C)official bilingualism
D)responsible government
Answer: D
Q4) The role of government in Canada was most extensive in the early 1980s.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) Quebec remains below the average in per capita income.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which province has profited from offshore petroleum revenues?
A)Nova Scotia
B)Newfoundland and Labrador
C)Prince Edward Island
D)New Brunswick
Answer: B
Q3) Why are Crown corporations created?
A)for a public policy purpose
B)as a regulatory agency
C)with the intention of maximizing their profits
D)with the hope of becoming privatized as quickly as possible
Answer: A
Q4) Crown corporations are created for the purpose of public-private partnerships.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Aboriginal Peoples
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Q1) Which statement best defines comprehensive land claims?
A)They are Aboriginal land claims primarily originating in the West.
B)They are Aboriginal land claims arising from alleged non-fulfillment of Indian treaties.
C)They are Aboriginal land claims based on traditional occupancy and use.
D)They are land claims made after the Calder case decision.
Q2) Aboriginal people now control over 80 percent of Aboriginal Affairs' departmental funding.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Europeans were originally attracted to Canada by its military significance. A)True
B)False
Q4) The Calder case gave off-reserve Indians the right to vote in band elections. A)True
B)False
Q5) Before 1985, Aboriginal women lost their Indian status if they married a white man. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: French Canada and the Quebec Question
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Q1) What did the federal Official Languages Act do?
A)It allowed the public to deal with government offices in Ottawa in either English or French.
B)It allowed the public to deal with federal government offices anywhere in Canada in English or French.
C)It required all new federal employees to be bilingual.
D)It required all federal employees to receive language training in either French or English.
Q2) Only two of the four clauses in Bill 101 were eventually deemed unconstitutional.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The failure of the Meech Lake Accord sparked the creation of the Bloc Québécois.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Meech Lake Accord?
A)recognition of Quebec as distinct society
B)provincial nominations of senators
C)Aboriginal self-government initiatives
D)constitutionalization of Quebec's rights in immigration
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural Minorities
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Q1) Which provincial government passed a law in 2010 that required Muslim women to remove their niqab when dealing with provincial government authorities?
A)Quebec
B)Ontario
C)Alberta
D)Saskatchewan
Q2) Why was there a backlash toward immigrants and visible minorities in the 1990s?
Q3) Trace the history of immigration patterns in Canada from the 1860s to the present.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a category of permanent residents?
A)Family Class
B)Economic Class
C)Refugees
D)Foreign Workers
Q5) What are some of the advancements in Canadian policies that have contributed toward creating equality and overcoming discrimination among ethnic Canadians?
Q6) What were the basic objectives of Pierre Trudeau's multiculturalism policy?
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) In 1981, 51 percent of Canadians felt that homosexuality was "never justifiable."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Martha Black was the first woman elected to the House of Commons.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Pay equity represents "equal pay for work of equal value".
A)True
B)False
Q4) The "second wave" of the women's movement began about 1945.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What were the major concerns of second-wave feminists?
Q6) Bill C-38 recognized the legality of same-sex marriage.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What are some of the major challenges that women face regarding employment?
Q8) What were the main concerns of first-wave feminists?
Q9) What is meant by the term "feminization of poverty"?
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Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) There are currently almost one million Canadians living in poverty.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is NOT usually a demand of the corporate elite?
A)tax cuts for individuals
B)cutting transfer payments to provinces
C)deregulation
D)removing the tax advantages of income trusts
Q3) The new middle class includes salaried professionals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The largest union in Canada is the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE).
A)True
B)False
Q5) What field is NOT included in the main principal of federal measures?
A)foreign workers
B)seniors
C)people with disabilities
D)unemployed
Q6) Why are the corporate elite thought to wield so much political power in Canada?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Urbanrural Location, Religion, and Age
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Q1) How did the Mulroney government try to reduce governmental support of seniors?
A)by decreasing the age of mandatory retirement
B)by partially de-indexing the Old Age Security from cost-of-living increases
C)by eliminating the Guaranteed Income Supplement
D)by reducing eligibility for the spouse's allowance
Q2) What issue will be most pressing for seniors in the future?
A)health care
B)Old Age Security
C)housing
D)mandatory retirement
Q3) Seniors were one of the last groups in society identified for public support by the federal government.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What group usually supports mandatory retirement?
A)young people
B)seniors
C)trade unions
D)the political elite
Q5) What are the key characteristics of rural Canada today?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Canadas External Environment: The United
States and the World
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a means of combating the extent of U.S. ownership of Canadian industry?
A)Crown corporations
B)the Free Trade Agreement
C)regulatory and funding agencies
D)tax incentives
Q2) The principle government response to the Gray Report was the creation of The National Energy Board.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement was not supposed to affect existing cultural programs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which Prime Minister entirely dismantled the National Energy Policy?
A)Pierre Trudeau
B)Brian Mulroney
C)Jean Chrétien
D)Paul Martin
Page 12
Q5) What have been the results of the Free Trade Agreement and NAFTA for Canada?
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) Canadians are more egalitarian than Americans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are some of the main differences between fragment and formative event theories?
Q3) Seymour Martin Lipset coined the "fragment theory."
A)True
B)False
Q4) In traditional Canadian terms, popular sovereignty means frequent referenda.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain two of the five values that constitute the traditional Canadian political culture.
Q6) Which concept is often expressed as the sanctity of individual economic freedom?
A)democracy
B)socialism
C)moralism
D)capitalism
Q7) Explain the concept of limited identities and their importance for Canadian political values.
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Chapter 12: Political Socialization, The Mass Media, and Public Opinion Polls
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Q1) Who owns the Toronto Sun?
A)Quebecor/Sun Media
B)Black Press
C)Continental
D)Transcontinental
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a technique of news management?
A)the free flow of information on government operations
B)news leaks and trial balloons
C)government secrecy
D)strategic timing and distribution of information
Q3) Agenda setting deals with the manner in which information about an issue is presented.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the different agents of political socialization.
Q5) Spin doctors are lobbyists who work for the government.
A)True
B)False
Q7) How is the media involved in political agenda-setting? Page 14
Q6) Explain the class-analysis approach toward political socialization.
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Elections and the Electoral System
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Q1) Who is disqualified from the voting process?
A)prisoners
B)people with mental disabilities
C)judges
D)chief electoral officers
Q2) Manipulating constituency boundaries so as to ensure as far as possible the re-election of the members of the government party is known as glad-handing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The first-past-the-post system has been criticized for promoting the overrepresentation of white males.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What was the first election finance scandal to come to light in Canada?
A)the Beauharnois scandal
B)the Rivard scandal
C)the Gagliano scandal
D)the Pacific scandal
Q5) What are the primary functions of an election in the Canadian political system?
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Chapter 14: Political Parties and the Party System
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Q1) Canada moved from a Conservative-dominant party system to a classic two-party system with the Liberal victory in 1896 under Mackenzie King.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss two of the following interpretations of party politics in Canada: the broker system, the concept of ideological or class-based parties, and one-party dominance.
Q3) The CCF party was less socialistic than the current NDP party.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which cleavage is NOT a factor contributing to the formation of minor parties in Canada?
A)regional
B)ethnic
C)class
D)religious
Q5) What were some of the issues and factors that moved Canada from a third to a fourth party system?
Q6) How does party ideology in Canada apply to the major Canadian political parties?
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Chapter 15: The Election Campaign, Voting, and Political Participation
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Q1) Party advertising has recently become more synonymous with the concept of political marketing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which party developed the Constituency Information Management System (CIMS)?
A)Liberal
B)Conservative
C)NDP
D)Green
Q3) Which party do French Canadians (from both in and out of Quebec) traditionally vote for?
A)Conservative
B)Bloc Québécois
C)NDP
D)Liberal
Q4) In 2000, there was little evidence of class-based voting, but the government's performance was a significant factor.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why are leadership debates felt to be important in a national campaign?
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Chapter 16: Advocacy Groups, Social Movements, and Lobbying
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Q1) Under the Federal Accountability Act, what reform was made to lobbying practices?
A)It allowed contingency fees.
B)It placed a prohibition on ministerial staffers, ministers, and senior public servants from registering as lobbyists for five years after leaving office.
C)It extended the period during which infractions could be investigated to five years.
D)It required lobbyists to record e-mails with senior public servants.
Q2) Advocacy groups that are permanent, well-established, formal organizations, usually with a head office in Ottawa, are known as issue-oriented groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How does the federal structure of government affect the way in which pressure groups are organized?
Q4) Many advocacy groups, including teachers and nurses, are actually more strongly organized at the provincial level than at the federal level.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Canadian Constitution and Constitutional Change
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Q1) The Canada clause was part of the Charlottetown Accord.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following declared Canada to be totally independent of Britain?
A)Constitution Act 1907
B)The Parliament of Canada Act
C)The British Parliament Act
D)Statute of Westminster
Q3) What was the 1982 British statute that officially terminated all British authority over Canada?
A)British North America Act, 1982
B)Statute of Westminster
C)Canada Act
D)Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Q4) The 1982 constitutional amending formula requires that Parliament and provincial voters approve amendments.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the significance of the Clarity Act.
Page 20
Q6) How does a written constitution differ from an unwritten one?
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Page 21
Chapter 18: The Federal System
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Q1) In the Constitution, the provincial taxation powers are restricted to sales taxes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is NOT a characteristic of cooperative federalism?
A)federal-provincial taxation agreements
B)federal-provincial grant programs
C)federal-provincial conferences
D)federal-provincial conflicts are referred to the courts
Q3) Province-building refers to the creation of provinces in the northern territories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What were the division of powers between the provinces and the federal government as outlined in the Constitution Act, 1867?
Q5) Which of the following is NOT a condition of the Canada Health Act, 1984?
A)comprehensive
B)universal
C)portable
D)independent
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Chapter 19: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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Q1) The reasonable limits clause is Section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who was responsible for enacting the Canadian Bill of Rights?
A)Pierre Trudeau
B)Lester B. Pearson
C)McKenzie King
D)John Diefenbaker
Q3) Greg Hein shows that New Left advocates have been the single biggest interest in taking Charter cases to the courts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discrimination in the private sector is normally addressed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Saskatchewan and Quebec have both applied the notwithstanding clause at some point.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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Chapter 20: The Policy-Making Process and Policy
Instruments
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Q1) The government loses revenue because of tax credits and tax exemptions as in the example of RRSPs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which economic theory suggests that the government should intervene with increased spending, even to the extent of borrowing, in order to transfer to individuals?
A)Keynesian economics
B)laissez-faire
C)neo-conservatism
D)neo-liberalism
Q3) Explain the advantages and disadvantages for citizens of governments' use of tax expenditures.
Q4) In terms of government intervention, explain how the role of the state has evolved over the last 100 years.
Q5) Deliberate inaction on the part of the government on an issue can be categorized as a symbolic response.
A)True
B)False
24
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Chapter
21: The Executive: Crown, Prime Minister, and Cabinet
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Q1) Balancing ethnic representation in Parliament is a cabinet-making convention in Canada
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who are typically referred to as "ministers without portfolio"?
A)Cabinet ministers
B)deputy prime ministers
C)shadow Cabinet ministers
D)junior ministers
Q3) Institutionalized Cabinets were a characteristic of the Canadian Cabinet before 1960.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Canadian head of state is the prime minister.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast the concepts of individual ministerial responsibility and collective ministerial responsibility.
Q6) How powerful is the Prime Minister of Canada?
Q7) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the monarchy? Page 25
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Chapter 22: The Bureaucracy
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Q1) Every province except Nova Scotia has supplemented other means of controlling the bureaucracy with the appointment of an ombudsman.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which occupational category does nursing fall under?
A)management
B)scientific and professional
C)technical
D)operational
Q3) Which of the following prohibited ministers, staffers, and senior public servants from becoming lobbyists for five years after leaving office?
A)Federal Accountability Act
B)Gomery Inquiry
C)Public Service Commission
D)Public Service Modernization Act
Q4) How do central agencies function in relation to government departments?
Q5) The Department of Finance is an opponent of new department spending programs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Parliament
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Q1) The Cabinet has an absolute monopoly on the introduction of financial legislation in the House.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Speaker of the House of Commons is now appointed by the prime minister.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What type of government exists when the governing party has fewer MPs than the combined opposition?
A)minority
B)majority
C)deadlocked
D)lame-duck
Q4) What is NOT considered a principal function of the House of Commons?
A)legislative
B)representation
C)scrutiny
D)judiciary
Q5) What are the functions and powers of the House of Commons?
Q6) What are the stages of a bill becoming a law?
Page 28
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Chapter 24: The Judiciary
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Q1) What is handled by the Federal Court of Canada?
A)divorces
B)immigration and refugee appeals
C)criminal cases
D)charter cases
Q2) The basic function of an appeal court is to correct errors in the interpretation of the law.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who is the most recently appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada?
A)Beverley McLachlin
B)Marie Deschamps
C)Rosalie Abella
D)Morris Fish
Q4) Reference cases are cases referred to the Supreme Court of Canada by provincial courts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are some of the main similarities and differences between civil and criminal law?
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