Introduction to Brain and Behavior Test Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Brain and Behavior explores the fundamental principles and mechanisms underlying the relationship between the brain and human behavior. The course examines the structure and function of the nervous system, neural communication, and the biological bases of sensation, perception, movement, learning, memory, emotion, and mental disorders. Emphasis is placed on understanding how brain processes give rise to thoughts, feelings, and actions, integrating knowledge from neuroscience, psychology, and related disciplines. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and case studies, students gain foundational insights into how the brain influences behavior and how behavioral research informs our understanding of the brain.
Recommended Textbook
Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience 9th Edition by Neil R. Carlson
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16 Chapters
1924 Verified Questions
1924 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is consistent with the doctrine of specific nerve energies?
A) Electrical stimulation of a sensory nerve cannot evoke a specific sensation.
B) All nerves carry a similar electrical message.
C) Exerting pressure on the eyeball can evoke pain.
D)Each brain area receives signals from all sensory systems. .
E)Visual signals are carried by very large action potentials whereas tactile signals are carried by tiny action potentials.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is an indispensable use of animals for humans?
A) research for the treatment of human disease
B) as a source of food
C) as companions to humans
D) as a source of fur
E) as contestants in reality television shows
Answer: A
Q3) Most psychologists are physicians.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Saltatory conduction speeds up conduction velocity in non-myelinated neurons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In a neuron at rest,the inside of the cell is more negative than the cell exterior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) An electrical charge applied to an axon that moves the membrane potential from -70 mV to -45 mV will result in a(n)
A) action potential.
B) local potential.
C) downward shift of the threshold of excitation.
D) upward shift of the membrane threshold.
E) long-term change in the membrane potential.
Answer: A
Q4) What is the general function of autoreceptors?
Answer: To modulate the internal biochemical activity of the presynaptic cell.
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Chapter 3: Structure of the Nervous System
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130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of the adult human cerebral cortex?
A) "Limb" is a rough meaning of the term cortex.
B) The outer surface of cortex is smooth like a balloon.
C) The cortex is about 3 mm in thickness.
D) The size of human cortex, relative to body size, is smaller than that of any other species.
E) Human cortex is composed of 9 distinct cell layers.
Answer: C
Q2) ________ fibers send their information toward the brain.
A) Afferent
B) Efferent
C) Projection
D) Somatic
E) Apolar
Answer: A
Q3) Describe two features that function to protect the brain from external injury.
Answer: The brain is encased in a layer of bone (the skull).Several layers of meninges form a solid sheath around the brain.The brain floats within a pool of CSF,which cushions the brain against rapid acceleration/deceleration.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A drug that binds at a postsynaptic site different from that of the neurotransmitter and prevents the opening of ion channels would be termed a(n)
A) indirect antagonist.
B) ligand.
C) direct synergist.
D) direct antagonist.
E) indirect pheromone.
Q2) Which of the following represents a problem for the hypothesis that amino acids can function as neurotransmitters?
A) Amino acids can be released from nerve terminals.
B) EPSPs and IPSPs are produced by application of amino acids onto neurons.
C) Amino acids are localized within neurons.
D) Amino acids play a role in protein synthesis for all nerve cells.
E) None of the above are correct.
Q3) Describe the varied effects of the activation of opiate receptors in the brain.
Q4) A drug that releases a transmitter substance is called an antagonist for the synapse.
A)True
B)False
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Methods and Strategies of Research
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key advantage of a reversible brain lesion is that
A) axons of passage are not affected by reversible procedures.
B) each animal can serve as its own control.
C) cell bodies are not affected by reversible procedures.
D) such lesions affect brain tissue near the tip of the lesion device.
E) the method does not damage adjacent glial cells.
Q2) ________ is a skull landmark which also serves as a reference point for stereotaxic surgery.
A) Lambda
B) The optic chiasm
C) Bregma
D) The junction of the parasagittal sutures
E) The zero point
Q3) The pseudorabies virus is useful
A) for the tracing of efferent fibers.
B) for the tracing of afferent fibers.
C) because it labels cells that have died from overstimulation.
D) for the tracing of serial synaptic connections.
E) in that this virus only affects nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) A disease that attacks the photoreceptors of the fovea would be expected to A) impair night vision.
B) disrupt color vision.
C) impair eye movements.
D) impair vision for detection of movement.
E) produce blurry images.
Q2) The fact that we experience the color green after viewing a red object would be taken as support for the
A) notion that the retina contains three types of photopigments.
B) importance of color mixing in the visual system.
C) opponent-process theory of color vision.
D) idea that the visual system performs an algebraic summation of lights to generate a color perception.
E) trichromatic theory of color vision.
Q3) Explain the concept of a receptive field in the visual system and provide an example of this concept for a ganglion cell within the cat retina.
Q4) Explain what is involved in the process of sensory transduction.
Q5) Describe the role of the extrastriate cortex in the perception of movement.
Q6) Describe the primary visual pathway.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical
Senses
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124 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The complexity of a sound wave determines the psychological dimension of A) hue.
B) pitch.
C) loudness.
D) saturation.
E) timbre.
Q2) Pain associated with intense pressure applied to the skin is detected by ________,whereas the type of pain associated with skin inflammation is detected by
A) TRPV1 receptors; free nerve endings
B) mechanoreceptors; TRPA1 receptors
C) Pacinian corpuscles; free nerve endings
D) TRPM8 receptors; Ruffini corpuscles
E) Pacinian corpuscles; TRPV1 receptors
Q3) Auditory signals are carried to the brain via the A) trigeminal nerve.
B) organ of Corti.
C) auditory lemniscus.
D) somatoacoustic nerve.
E) cochlear nerve.
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Chapter 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to the ventrolateral preoptic area would be expected to
A) produce persistent REM sleep.
B) alter male reproductive behavior.
C) produce insomnia.
D) impair the control of temperature regulation.
E) reproduce the symptoms of narcolepsy.
Q2) REM sleep facilitates the consolidation of non-declarative memory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Microdialysis studies indicate that cortical beta wave activity is related to its levels of ________ within the ________.
A) serotonin; striatum
B) GABA; hippocampus
C) acetylcholine; frontal cortex
D) dopamine; locus coeruleus
E) GABA; locus coeruleus
Q4) Give two reasons why sleeping medications may not be the right treatment for insomnia.
Q5) Explain how melatonin may act to ameliorate jet lag.
Q6) Compare the characteristics of non-REM sleep with that of REM sleep.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Reproductive Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are most likely to show preferences for masculine toys and an increased rate of homosexuality/bisexuality?
A) women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
B) men with an XYY chromosomal type
C) men born during the late winter months to stressed mothers
D) men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
E) women with Turner's syndrome
Q2) Lordosis is considered to be a
A) male sexual behavior.
B) female sexual behavior.
C) reflexive behavior shown by males.
D) proceptive behavior.
E) voluntary behavior shown by females.
Q3) The prenatal development of the external male genitalia requires the presence of A) estradiol.
B) melatonin.
C) alpha-fetoprotein.
D) dihydrotestosterone.
E) anti-Müllerian hormone.
Q4) Defend the proposition that "Nature's impulse is to create a female."
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotion
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The amygdaloid complex is
A) important for the planning of motor behaviors.
B) comprised of five key nuclei.
C) located within the frontal lobes.
D) located within the temporal lobes.
E) comprised of three nuclei that process emotion.
Q2) Phineas Gage,who was injured when a steel rod was accidentally driven through his skull,exhibited capricious,emotional behavior (in part)as a result of widespread damage to his
A) primary motor cortex.
B) orbitofrontal cortex.
C) cingulate cortex.
D) occipital cortex.
E) primary visual cortex.
Q3) Feelings of fear are produced by electrical stimulation of the human amygdala.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the changes in emotion that follow damage to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CE).
Q5) Describe the three components of an emotional response.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Ingestive Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following indicates the importance of peripheral nutrient receptors,located in the liver,in satiety?
A) Glucose infusions into the hepatic portal vein inhibit eating.
B) Insulin can initiate or inhibit eating.
C) Fructose infusions into the hepatic portal vein inhibit eating.
D) Nutrient receptors are located in the brain tissue surrounding the lateral ventricle.
E) Infusion of 2-DG into the lateral ventricle stimulates eating.
Q2) Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus ________ whereas electrical stimulation ________.
A) impair sexual behavior; elicits repetitive bouts of copulation
B) inhibit eating; produces overeating
C) elicit repetitive bouts of copulation; impairs sexual behavior
D) produce overeating to obesity; inhibits eating
E) activate thermogenesis; induces shivering
Q3) Individuals with anorexia nervosa lose all interest in food.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the stimuli and receptors that induce volumetric thirst.
Q5) Describe the role of ghrelin in the control of eating.
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) One striking aspect of H.M.'s memory deficit is that he
A) can learn some new tasks, but is unaware of having learned them.
B) only remembers recent facts.
C) reverses word order in repeated sentences
D) indicates he remembers things he has never seen.
E) shows signs of confabulation.
Q2) Stimulus-response learning involves the ability to
A) learn to adjust behavior according to its consequences.
B) make an association between two stimuli.
C) identify and categorize objects.
D) exhibit a specific behavior in the presence of a specific stimulus.
E) train a sensory system to accurately detect the location of a stimulus.
Q3) People with anterograde amnesia are better able to learn new motor skills than new facts or words.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Differentiate between the two forms of stimulus-response learning.In what ways are they similar?
Q5) Describe learning tasks that assess the capacity for perceptual learning,motor learning,and stimulus-response learning.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Human Communication
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with phonological dyslexia have difficulty
A) reading for comprehension.
B) in silent reading.
C) reading unfamiliar words.
D) reading aloud.
E) in whole word reading, but can sound out familiar words.
Q2) Describe three types of acquired dyslexias.
Q3) The information conveyed in a spoken word resides in its
A) timing.
B) pitch.
C) emphasis.
D) tempo.
E) prosody.
Q4) People with pure word deafness are deaf and therefore cannot understand language.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Conduction aphasia is characterized by fluent,meaningful speech.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A promising approach for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease involves
A) an antagonist of glutamate receptors in brain.
B) infusion of L-DOPA into the brain ventricles.
C) a drug that blocks the immune system.
D) a vaccine that passively stimulates the immune system to destroy ?-amyloid.
E) the use of the opiate MPTP.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a congenital disorder?
A) phenylketonuria
B) galactosemia
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) Down syndrome
E) Parkinson's disease
Q3) Huntington's disease is a sporadic disease.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the significance of prions for neurological disorders.
Q5) Differentiate between a benign and a malignant tumor.
Q6) Seizures that result in convulsion involve the motor system.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concordance rate for affective disorder for monozygotic twins
A) is identical to that of dizygotic twins.
B) is the same whether or not the twins were raised in the same household.
C) proves that affective disorder is mostly an effect of the environment.
D) is higher than that for dizygotic twins.
E) is less than that noted for close relatives suffering from affective disorder.
Q2) The term schizophrenia means a split of the mind into multiple personalities.
A)True B)False
Q3) The primary effect of many antidepressant medications may be to
A) stimulate orexin receptors.
B) suppress REM sleep.
C) activate GABA receptors.
D) reduce stages 3 and 4 of sleep.
E) increase sexual motivation, which results in loss of sleep and improved mood.
Q4) A mutation of the DISC-1 gene may result in schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain why it is thought that genes convey a susceptibility for schizophrenia.
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Chapter 16: Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity,
and Substance Abuse Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glucocorticoid receptors
A) are found within almost every cell of the body.
B) are found in highest concentration in the adrenal glands.
C) disappear following adrenalectomy.
D) gradually deteriorate with age.
E) are primarily localized in the brain stem.
Q2) The poor judgment shown by drug addicts involves
A) inactivation of the caudate nucleus.
B) the reorganization of the motor cortex.
C) inactivation of the cingulate cortex.
D) abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex.
E) inactivation of the amygdala.
Q3) Explain why nicotine is now considered to be an addictive drug.
Q4) The estimated heritability of autism is ____%.
A) 1-5
B) 10-20
C) 30-40
D) 50-60
E)75-90
Q5) Describe the relationship between stress and infectious disease
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