Introduction to Biopsychology Solved
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Biopsychology explores the biological foundations of behavior, examining how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence thoughts, emotions, and actions. Students will study topics such as neural communication, brain anatomy, sensory and motor systems, sleep, learning, memory, and the biological basis of psychological disorders. The course integrates laboratory findings, case studies, and current research to illustrate how biological processes underpin mental functions and behaviors, providing a comprehensive overview for students interested in the intersection of biology and psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 13th Edition by James W. Kalat
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14 Chapters
1750 Verified Questions
1750 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which action would depolarize a neuron?
A) Decreasing membrane permeability to calcium
B) Increasing membrane permeability to potassium
C) Decreasing membrane permeability to sodium
D) Increasing membrane permeability to sodium
Answer: D
Q2) Mae is studying for an exam on the action potential. She writes in her notes that the sodium channel closes ______.
A) when the electrical gradient for sodium is eliminated
B) after the neuron reaches threshold
C) at the peak of the action potential
D) as a result of the refractory periods
Answer: B
Q3) Electrical gradients lead to the ____.
A) general movement of ions into the neuron
B) general movement of ions out of the neuron
C) movement of ions to areas having the same electrical charges
D) movement of ions to areas having opposite electrical charges
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?
A) It is released before the action potential occurs.
B) It is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron.
C) It is a gas.
D) It is an organelle.
Answer: C
Q2) How are neurotransmitters removed from the synapse?
Answer: Some neurotransmitters like acetylcholine are broken down by enzymes into inactive components. Other neurotransmitters are taken back up through specialized membrane proteins called transporters. Finally, other neurotransmitters like the neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse.
Q3) The amino acid tryptophan is the precursor to which neurotransmitter?
A) Dopamine
B) Endorphin
C) Serotonin
D) Nitric oxide
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Organize the following divisions of the nervous system in a hierarchy to show the relationships between them: central, peripheral, autonomic, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic.
Answer: The complete nervous system can be divided into the central and peripheral nervous systems. The peripheral is further divided into the somatic and autonomic. The autonomic is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Q2) Some cranial nerves include both sensory and motor components.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a(n) ____.
A) CAT scan
B) MRI
C) EEG
D) PET scan
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity
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Q1) The results of several studies of facial expressions in people who were born blind suggest ____.
A) a minor role for genetics in the control of facial expressions
B) a major role for genetics as well as environment in the control of facial expressions
C) no role of genetics in the control of facial expressions
D) no role of genetics, but a major role of environment in the control of facial expressions
Q2) Apoptosis ____.
A) is a programmed mechanism of cell death
B) promotes the survival and growth of the axon
C) promotes the survival and growth of dendrites
D) is a programmed mechanism of cell growth
Q3) A gene is found that controls the age at which a man grows bald, if at all. That gene seldom affects women, even if they have the gene. What kind of gene is this MOST likely to be?
A) An X-linked gene
B) A sex-limited gene
C) A sex-linked dominant gene
D) A sex-linked recessive gene
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6
Chapter 5: Vision
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Q1) Noella is a makeup artist and is very good at using makeup to create fine details to create a visual effect (ex. making a person look older). As she works, her ______ cells help her to see the details.
A) parvocellular
B) magnocellular
C) koniocellular
D) kodacellular
Q2) Youlanda has to wear glasses because her cornea doesn't adjust properly to focus the light onto the retina.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Professor Woodby is lecturing about the fovea. Which is she most likely to say?
A) It has the greatest perception of detail.
B) It surrounds the point of exit of the optic nerve.
C) It falls in the shadow cast by the pupil.
D) It has more rods than cones.
Q4) Describe the difference between parvocellular and magnocellular neurons and pathways.
Q5) Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
Page 7
Q6) Jamison has prosopagnosia. What part of his vision is disrupted?
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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Q1) Nicola has an area on her arm that itches. That area itches because of _____.
A) bad circulation
B) baby powder
C) histamine release
D) substance P release
Q2) Cody isn't feeling well and his vestibular system is impaired. What is likely to happen to him?
A) He won't be able to hear.
B) He won't be able to see.
C) He will have trouble walking and might stagger and fall.
D) He will have trouble determining from where a sound is coming.
Q3) During her lecture on pain, Dr. Turk explains to her class that _____ is released by axons that carry information about mild pain.
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Substance P
D) Glutamate
Q4) Briefly describe the behavioral effects of pheromones in humans.
Q5) Describe how the auditory cortex parallels the visual cortex.
Q6) How do hurt feelings resemble physical pain?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Movement
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Q1) Most of the output from the globus pallidus to the thalamus releases ____.
A) glutamate
B) ACh.
C) dopamine
D) GABA
Q2) Moving a leg or arm back and forth requires opposing sets of muscles called ____.
A) Extensor muscles
B) Flexor muscles
C) Cardiac muscles
D) Antagonistic muscles
Q3) The prefrontal cortex plans movements according to their probable outcomes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hyman's heart is beating thanks to the work of smooth muscles.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Giving pure dopamine to Parkinson's patients has generally been very successful.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that REM is ____.
A) important for all types of memory
B) most important for strengthening memories of motor skills
C) most important for strengthening memories of lists of words
D) not important for strengthening memories of any kind
Q2) What does "endogenous" mean?
A) Occurring at regular intervals
B) More likely to be learned
C) Sensitive to light/dark patterns
D) Generated from within
Q3) Discuss the relationship between sleep and memory.
Q4) Biological clocks are very resistant to environmental influences.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A small branch of the optic nerve, known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.
A) opticthalamic
B) retinohypothalamic
C) opticretinal
D) retinothalamic
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Q1) The paraventricular nucleus normally inhibits meal size.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which event would lead to eating a larger than normal meal?
A) Increasing leptin levels
B) Decreasing NPY levels
C) Increasing NPY levels
D) Damaging the lateral hypothalamus
Q3) Obese people tend to produce more insulin than people of normal weight.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Professor Augustus told his class that the _____ detects osmotic pressure.
A) substantia nigra
B) red nucleus
C) pituitary gland
D) OVLT and subfornical organ
Q5) Paige wants to lose weight. The most effective long-term plan is for her to limit her intake of sweet foods.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) During her menstrual cycle, Lacresha's _____ releases FSH.
A) pineal gland
B) anterior pituitary
C) uterus
D) ovary
Q2) Professor Eisenhower explains to her class that the steroid hormones (like androgens) produce effects by _____.
A) disrupting cell membranes
B) opening ion channels
C) increasing blood pressure
D) entering cells and affecting gene expression
Q3) Birth control pills prevent pregnancy by ____.
A) increasing the release of estrogen
B) increasing the release of FSH
C) interfering with the feedback cycle between the ovaries and the pituitary
D) inactivating both ovaries
Q4) Wonda (a female) produces estrogens, while Dalton (a male) does not.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe activating effects of sex hormones and give specific examples.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is characterized by extreme physiological arousal?
A) Locked-in syndrome
B) Pure autonomic failure
C) Panic attack
D) Prosopagnosia
Q2) What type of leukocyte matures in the thymus gland?
A) Natural killer cell
B) Macrophage
C) B cell
D) T cell
Q3) One explanation for the difficulty that people with amygdala damage have with recognizing fearful faces is that they ____.
A) cannot see very well
B) do not remember what fear looks like
C) focus their attention on the eyes of faces instead of the nose and mouth
D) focus their attention on the nose and mouth of faces instead of the eyes
Q4) Tamir has been going to school and caring for his younger siblings for quite some time since his parents both have to work so much. He has noticed that recently, he has been getting sick a lot. According to the general adaptation syndrome model, why is this?
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Chapter 12: Learning, Memory, and Intelligence
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Q1) What does the phrase "all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors such as learning" define?
A) instrumental conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) equipotentiality
D) mass action
Q2) Most researchers now believe that the accumulation of amyloid and tau protein
A) is a result of the Alzheimer's disease
B) are partly the cause of Alzheimer's disease
C) are by-products of acetylcholine
D) are by-products of dying glial cells
Q3) Kelli has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She likely is showing better memory for _____.
A) recent events than events of the remote past
B) what is happening at a given moment than general principles
C) skills than facts
D) verbal information than visual information
Q4) Describe the difference between declarative and procedural memory.
Q5) Describe the role of the basal ganglia in memory function.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Q1) Rene Descartes proposed that ____.
A) the mind and brain are the same
B) consciousness is a fundamental property of the brain
C) it makes no sense to debate the differences between the mind and brain
D) the mind and brain are different and interact at the pineal
Q2) A split-brain patient is someone who has had their ____.
A) corpus callosum severed
B) cerebellum severed
C) frontal lobe separated from the rest of the cortex
D) cerebral cortex separated from the rest of the brain
Q3) Jamel is in a research study where he was given oxytocin. Explain how he would respond if he looked at a photo of his wife versus how he might act if an unknown, attractive female entered the room.
Q4) Anne has a problem with making decisions impulsively and has started gambling. She might have suffered damage to her _____.
A) ventromedial prefrontal cortex
B) orbitofrontal cortex
C) parietal cortex
D) frontotemporal lobe
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) All things considered, the atypical antipsychotics ____.
A) are far more cost-effective than the older drugs
B) do not improve overall quality of life more than older drugs
C) are preferable because they have, at most, only mild side-effects
D) have a much higher risk of movement disorders
Q2) William has schizophrenia. His doctors determined that he also has a mutation in the _____ gene that _____.
A) DISC 1; controls the reuptake of dopamine and serotonin in the brain
B) DISC 1; controls differentiation and migration of neurons in brain development
C) serotonin transporter; controls the reuptake of dopamine and serotonin in the brain
D) serotonin transporter; controls the types of glial cells that can help form serotonin in the brain
Q3) Thelma has bipolar disorder. Since she didn't respond to lithium salts, her doctors prescribed her _____.
A) carbamazepine
B) MAOIs
C) methadone
D) LAAM
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