Introduction to Behavioral Science Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Behavioral Science explores the fundamental principles and theories that explain how individuals think, feel, and act within various social, cultural, and environmental contexts. This course examines concepts from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics to understand human decision-making, social interaction, motivation, and the development of attitudes and behaviors. Through analysis of real-world examples and current research, students will gain insights into the factors influencing behavior and learn how behavioral science can be applied to address challenges in fields such as health, business, public policy, and education.
Recommended Textbook
PSYCH 3rd Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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14 Chapters
3208 Verified Questions
3208 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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222 Verified Questions
222 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The clinical psychologist's aim in applying prediction and control goals to a client's behavior is to
A)decide the treatment.
B)help the client meet his or her treatment objectives.
C)allow the client a narrow range of options for his or her behavior.
D)use a database to formulate a treatment for the client.
Answer: B
Q2) Dr. Davis wants to study the TV viewing habits of elementary school children. He selects 50 children from local schools to participate in his research. These groups of students would be considered the
A)population.
B)sample.
C)representative group.
D)none of these.
Answer: B
Q3) The school of Gestalt psychology claimed that perceptions are more than the sums of their parts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Biology and Psychology
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257 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to the __________ can prevent an individual from being aroused and possibly lead to a coma.
A)thalamus
B)reticular formation
C)hypothalamus
D)septum
Answer: B
Q2) Bobby's growth is stunted and he exhibits mental retardation. More than likely he has
A)too much thyroxin.
B)hyperthyroidism.
C)cretinism.
D)none of these.
Answer: C
Q3) Testosterone is produced only by men and estrogen is produced only by women.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Dopamine deficiencies are linked to __________________ disease. Answer: Parkinson's
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are complementary colors?
A)colors that are beside each other on the color wheel
B)colors that are across from each other on the color wheel
C)colors that are mixed together and dissolve into light yellow
D)colors that reflect very little light
Answer: B
Q2) The Gestalt rule describing the perceptual tendency to see objects that are near each other as belonging to a set is termed
A)proximity.
B)closure.
C)continuity.
D)similarity.
Answer: A
Q3) The mixture of pigments is a(n) ____________ process.
Answer: subtractive
Q4) Pain is sharpest in areas of the body where nerve endings are densely packed. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transcendental meditation always involves repeating a mantra to achieve a different state of consciousness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cocaine is derived from A)Coca-Cola.
B)coca leaves.
C)chocolate.
D)cocoa.
Q3) During stage 2 sleep, the brain emits ___________ that represent brief bursts of rapid activity.
A)theta waves
B)sleep spindles
C)delta waves
D)alpha waves
Q4) The use of high doses of barbiturates results in A)drowsiness and slurred speech.
B)motor impairment.
C)irritability and poor judgment.
D)all of these.
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Chapter 5: Learning
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225 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________________ is the tendency for a conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
A)Discrimination
B)Generalization
C)Spontaneous recovery
D)Extinction
Q2) Because you set your alarm every night, you always get to work on time and are never reprimanded for being late. This behavior is strengthened by a
A)positive primary reinforcer.
B)primary reinforcer.
C)positive reinforcer.
D)negative reinforcer.
Q3) Adults frequently reinforce undesirable behavior in children by ___________ them.
A)punishing
B)attending to
C)ignoring
D)punishing and attending to
Q4) Systematic desensitization is used to overcome __________ responses.
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Chapter 6: Memory: Remembrance of Things Past--And Future
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Sample Questions
Q1) Roberto is taking a physics exam. Although he has studied thoroughly, he cannot remember Newton's Third Law of Motion. Roberto is most specifically having trouble with A)semantic processing.
B)maintenance rehearsal.
C)mnemonic devices.
D)information retrieval.
Q2) Jill prefers to study for tests in the classroom where the tests are taken. This shows Jill understands the effect of ______ memory.
A)context-dependent
B)flashbulb
C)elaborative
D)state-dependent
Q3) In 1960, George Sperling modified McDougall's method of __________ by introducing the __________.
A)partial-report procedure; whole-report procedure
B)whole-report procedure; partial-report procedure
C)sensory register; partial-report procedure
D)whole-report procedure; sensory register
Q4) The two types of interference are __________ and _________ interference.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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271 Verified Questions
271 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) George has just completed an assessment of his intellectual abilities. Nine areas of mental abilities were tested. This assessment is most likely based on ________ theory of intelligence.
A)J. P. Guilford's
B)L. L. Thurstone's
C)Charles Spearman's
D)Robert Sternberg's
Q2) Which of the following serves to disprove the linguistic-relativity hypothesis?
A)Bassa speakers use only two words for color.
B)Infants display considerable intelligence before they learn to speak.
C)English speakers are limited in their ability to think about snow when compared to the Inuit Eskimos.
D)Language structures the way one sees the world.
Q3) Children demonstrate ___________ when they incorrectly apply rules for the formation of past tense or plurals.
Q4) Your IQ score is more likely to be more similar to your identical twin's IQ than to your other siblings' IQ, even if you were raised apart.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
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205 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An infant places a coin in his mouth. This probably demonstrates a(n) ________ drive and the lack of a(n) ________ drive.
A)acquired; primary
B)primary; instinctual
C)primary; acquired
D)learned; acquired
Q2) What is the first phase of the sexual response cycle?
A)plateau phase
B)orgasmic phase
C)excitement phase
D)resolution phase
Q3) Drew is a male who is sexually attracted to other males. He is A)heterosexual.
B)homosexual.
C)lesbian.
D)unisexual.
Q4) Both humans and lower animals appear to be motivated to seek _________ stimulation.
Q5) What are the biological factors related to obesity?
Q6) ___________ ___________ helped pioneer the assessment of achievement motivation.
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Chapter 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a parent-teacher conference, a father says, "My child will do what I say because I say so, no ifs, ands, or buts!" The child of this parent has academic and social problems. The parent's statement demonstrates
A)a permissive style.
B)an authoritative style.
C)an authoritarian style.
D)an uninvolved style.
Q2) "Good-boy" and "good-girl" orientation is indicative of the _____ level of moral reasoning.
Q3) An adolescent's belief that their feelings and ideas are special, even unique, and that they are invulnerable is called the
A)personal fable.
B)imaginary audience.
C)pretend view.
D)personal fantasy.
Q4) When the infant is about three to four months old and shows a preference for familiar figures, this is indicative of the _____ phase in the development of the attachment.
Q5) The _____ level of moral reasoning requires abstract reasoning ability.
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Chapter 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement
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236 Verified Questions
236 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freudian psychoanalysis consists of talking about
A)whatever comes to mind when relaxed.
B)traumatic events only.
C)questions asked by the psychoanalyst.
D)rewards and punishments from childhood.
Q2) Getting in touch with our feelings, accepting them, and acting on them is the goal of Carl Rogers' method of psychotherapy called
A)self-aggrandizement.
B)self-ideal realization.
C)client-centered therapy.
D)self-actualization therapy.
Q3) A projective test includes
A)ambiguous stimuli.
B)correct responses.
C)forced-choice format.
D)suggested answers given by the tester.
Q4) Freud was one of the first to emphasize _____ events in the shaping of personality.
Q5) The characteristic ways in which we think, feel, and behave are referred to as our _____.
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Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Coping
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196 Verified Questions
196 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the beliefs of Albert Ellis?
A)People are able to reduce stress through biofeedback.
B)People frequently minimize the significance of events.
C)Emotions are not caused by events but are the result of beliefs.
D)Type A behavior can lead to heart disease.
Q2) Selye's three stages are alarm, reaction formation, and exhaustion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What do high self-efficacy expectations result in?
A)Lower levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the bloodstream.
B)The ability to withstand stress.
C)Less disturbance when adverse events occur.
D)All of these.
Q4) Life changes differ from daily hassles because
A)they can be positive and desirable rather than just negative.
B)they occur at irregular intervals rather than regularly.
C)both of these
D)none of these
Q5) What are the sex differences in response to stress? Why might men and women react to stress differently?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with borderline personality disorders show minimal emotional expression and are overly controlled in their behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ted, a college student, refuses to sign up for speech class because he is afraid that he will do something embarrassing in front of the class. He can't graduate until he completes the course. What is this behavior most likely associated with?
A)agoraphobia
B)specific phobia
C)acrophobia
D)social phobia
Q3) In panic disorder, biological imbalances might initially trigger an attack. However, later feelings of helplessness can increase fear. This description demonstrates the __________ biological and psychological factors in mental disorders.
A)interaction of
B)impossibility of understanding the role of C)cause-effect relationship of D)lack of relationship between
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Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient with high blood pressure is connected to a device that allows the individual to listen for the sounds of his heart rate decreasing as he practices relaxation. This is most likely a __________ training session.
A)modeling
B)biofeedback
C)flooding
D)shaping
Q2) _____ _____ groups are less likely to seek therapy than European Americans.
Q3) Behavior therapy applies the principles of __________ to modify behavior.
A)dynamics
B)cognition
C)avoidance
D)learning
Q4) Psychoanalytic therapy is to __________ as humanistic is to __________.
A)conscious; unconscious
B)present; past
C)unconscious; conscious
D)rational; irrational
Q5) What are the differences between traditional psychoanalysis and newer short-term dynamic therapies?
15
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are attitudes formed?
A)they are innate
B)through genetic transmission
C)they are learned
D)innately and genetically transmitted
Q2) An attitude toward a group that leads people to evaluate members of that group negatively is known as
A)discrimination.
B)prejudice.
C)a stereotype.
D)consensus.
Q3) A cosmetic company is interested in selling their product by targeting women's concerns over their appearance, particularly in regard to aging. A technique that is likely to work would be a(n) __________ advertising campaign.
A)CEO participating in the B)attack on another products'
C)youth-oriented
D)fear appeal
Q4) To convince people of various health risks, a _____ appeal is often used.
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