Introduction to Art Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Art offers students an engaging overview of the visual arts, exploring fundamental concepts, techniques, and media used in artistic expression throughout history. Through the analysis of major art movements, styles, and works from diverse cultures and eras, students will develop a critical understanding of the role art plays in society. The course emphasizes observation, interpretation, and the creative process, encouraging students to enhance their aesthetic appreciation and visual literacy while gaining hands-on experience with basic artistic practices.
Recommended Textbook
Gardner s Art Through the Ages A Concise Global History 3rd Edition by Fred S. Kleiner
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21 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Prehistory and the First Civilizations
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Q1) The most significant transformation of the human condition in the Neolithic period was a result of the ____.
A) discovery of fire
B) agricultural revolution
C) discovery of the potter's wheel
D) domestication of the dog
Answer: B
Q2) Paleolithic animal paintings could not be described as ____.
A) lively
B) simple
C) naturalistic
D) abstract
Answer: D
Q3) The building system seen at Stonehenge is called ____.
A) mud-brick construction
B) masonry
C) arcuated
D) post-and-lintel
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ancient Greece
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Q1) What does this monument reveal about ancient Greek society and gender roles?
Answer: Grave stele of Hegeso (Figure 2-45).In the relief sculpture,the theme is the treatment and portrayal of women in ancient Greek society,which did not allow women an independent life.The Hegeso stele portrays a lady of the household,a daughter of a wealthy Athenian with a slave as her maid.She is fully clothed and is presented seated with her possessions,jewel box and slave,about her.We are given a glimpse into the private and closed chambers of the Greek woman; the absence of Hegeso's mother's name indicates how patriarchal Greek society was at this time.
Q2) How is this work representative of its period? How is it innovative?
Answer: Lysippos,Apoxyomenos (Figure 2-49).Lysippos introduced a new canon of more slender proportions and broke the dominance of the frontal view by creating figures that broke out of the rectangular box that defined their space,thus causing the viewer to walk around the figures to fully appreciate the work.The Late Classical period was an era of political upheaval,and this is reflected in the art; new approaches dislodged older traditions.The work of Lysippos violated the canon developed by Polykleitos.
Q3) Explain how corbeled vaults and corbeled domes are created.
Answer: Blocks of stone are cantilevered inward in regular courses until they meet at the top.
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Chapter 3: The Roman Empire
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Q1) What is the significance of this monument?
Answer: Ara Pacis Augustae (3-26).The monument celebrates the peace under Roman virtues.
Q2) How does this image reflect characteristics of Roman architecture?
Answer: Amphitheater,Pompeii (Figure 3-13).This work shows the innovation the Roman engineer used in creating an outdoor stadium/theater.Although it resembles Greek theaters,it is,in fact,two theaters together,and it does not use a natural hillside as a structural base.By using concrete barrel vaulting,the engineer was able to construct a skeleton supporting the seating.
Q3) The year 211 BCE was a turning point for both Rome and Roman art because ____.
A) Rome conquered Greece
B) Marcellus brought the artistic patrimony of Syracuse to Rome
C) Last Attalid king willed Pergamon to Rome
D) Veii fell to the Romans
Answer: B
Q4) Describe the type of imagery included on the Column of Trajan.
Answer: Imagery of warfare,Roman armies collecting spoils of war,enemies surrendering to Trajan and the preparation for future battles.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Early Christianity and Byzantium
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Q1) Which icon is earlier? What similarities do both icons share and what changes have taken place between the first and second?
Q2) Discuss the evolution of the depiction of Christ in Early Christian and Byzantine art.How was the image changed and modified over time? Consider the political and social climate of each period and area.Use specific examples to support your essay.
Q3) What do these images say about changing views of Christ? Note the iconographic features of each image and describe the stylistic features that add to the emotional effect.
Q4) What is the historical significance of the Vladimir Madonna?
Q5) Describe a templon and explain its function.
Q6) Discuss the architectural innovations of the Byzantine period.Discuss specific features from at least two buildings.Be sure to specify the period each building.Use examples to support your essay.
Q7) David is accompanied by ____ in the Paris Psalter.
A) allegorical figures
B) martyrs and saints
C) angels
D) Solomon
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Islamic World
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Q1) Which of the following is built over the spot from which Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven?
A) Great Mosque, Isfahan
B) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
C) Great Mosque, Córdoba
D) Great Mosque, Kairouan
Q2) Describe muqarnas.What was their function?
Q3) Which European country contains many examples of Islamic architecture?
A) Spain
B) Italy
C) Germany
D) France
Q4) Compare and contrast these two works and their contexts.
Q5) Who successfully opposed the Muslim advance into France in the 8 century?
A) the Spanish
B) the English
C) the Germans
D) the Franks
Q6) Briefly describe the 11 -century plan of the Great Mosque at Isfahan.How is this design unique?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Early Medieval and Romanesque Europe
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Q1) The refined and rational plan of Saint-Sernin reflects which prototype for this approach?
A) Saint Michael's, Hildesheim
B) Monastery Church, Saint Gall
C) Santa Mark's, Venice
D) Old Saint Peter's, Rome
Q2) Why are Romanesque churches generally rather dark inside?
A) Barrel-vaults exerted great outward thrust making a clerestory difficult to construct.
B) The side aisles blocked the entrance of light into the nave of the church.
C) It was too expensive to construct a clerestory.
D) The rituals required darkness.
Q3) What church plan was used as the model for the Palatine Chapel at Aachen?
A) Old Saint Peter's
B) Santa Costanza
C) Hagia Sophia
D) San Vitale
Q4) The Romanesque period has been credited with the revival of stone carving.Briefly assess the reason or reasons for such a revival.
Q5) How do these churches reflect the regional character of Romanesque architecture?
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Chapter 7: Gothic and Late Medieval Europe
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Q1) Why are Giotto's painted figures called sculptural?
Q2) How do the Strasbourg tympanum and statues of Ekkehard and Uta from Naumburg Cathedral differ yet still reflect the Gothic style?
Q3) Contrast Chartres Cathedral and Salisbury Cathedral.How does each cathedral reflect its regional style? What elements are similar? What elements are different and why?
Q4) Which item is found on an altarpiece?
A) clerestory
B) flying buttress
C) triforium
D) predella
Q5) How does the artist reveal political intent in this image?
Q6) Evaluate the political and artistic implications of Duccio's Maestà.How was this artist innovative? What influences impacted this work?
Q7) Which of the following was characteristic of the work of Simone Martini?
A) use of elegant flowing contour
B) emphasis on drama
C) bold modeling of the figures
D) emphasis on delineation of three-dimensional space
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Early Renaissance in Europe
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Q1) The classical principle of contrapposto,or weight shift,was reintroduced into Western art by the sculptor ____.
A) Ghiberti
B) Claus Sluter
C) Pollaiuolo
D) Donatello
Q2) The façade of Alberti's Sant'Andrea combines ____.
A) a triumphal arch and a tholos
B) scrolls and a temple front
C) a triumphal arch and a temple front
D) a tholos and scrolls
Q3) In Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride,which of the following is an allusion to God?
A) the dog
B) the bedpost
C) the whisk broom
D) the mirror
Q4) How did the competition for the baptistery doors of the Cathedral of Florence herald the path of Renaissance art in fifteenth-century Italy? Use examples to support your essay.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Europe
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Q1) Explain the contributions Leonardo da Vinci,Raphael,and Michelangelo made to art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) How did Italian architects working in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries adjust classical architecture to suit their needs? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Who painted this,and what is being represented?
Q4) How does the Isenheim Altarpiece represent suffering and salvation?
Q5) El Greco's art is characterized by ____.
A) Byzantine and Venetian influences
B) elongated figures and undefined space
C) fervent Spanish Catholicism
D) all of these choices
Q6) How is Titian's Venus d'Urbino significant for its title,composition,and material?
Q7) How did El Greco's travels contribute to his style of painting?
Q8) Compare Michelangelo's David with Donatello's David.Discuss the change,if any,in the representation of the image.How did these two images reflect the artists and their periods?
Q9) What features identify this work as High Renaissance?
Q10) How does this building reflect classical influences?
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Chapter 10: Baroque Europe
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Q1) How does this image represent the Church Triumphant?
Q2) What was the relationship of the French Royal Academy of Art and Versailles?
Q3) How did Frans Hals revolutionize Dutch painting?
Q4) How does this work represent the period and artist?
Q5) Use four examples to explain how seventeenth-century artists addressed themselves and the status of their art.
Q6) Describe Claude's painting style and content.
Q7) What is the purpose of this painting?
Q8) How does this structure represent English seventeenth-century architecture?
Q9) The work of which three artists influenced Rubens' Elevation of the Cross?
A) Michelangelo, Tintoretto, and Caravaggio
B) Leonardo, Titian, and Carracci
C) Masaccio, Fra Angelico, and Mantegna
D) Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael
Q10) Who was the patron of Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers?
A) Innocent X
B) Julius II
C) Paul III
D) Louis XIV
Page 12
Q11) How does Rigaud's Louis XIV communicate the king's power?
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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
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Q1) Reconstruct the Rococo setting of the French aristocratic elite.Where did they live? What did they have in their homes? Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) Explain the impact of the Enlightenment and its major thinkers on art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) How did Rousseau influence art?
Q4) Chardin's Saying Grace exemplifies the French ____.
A) rejection of Rococo frivolity
B) interest in the natural
C) taste for sentimental narrative
D) all of these choices
Q5) The eighteenth-century philosopher who stressed the importance of the natural goodness of human beings was ____.
A) Newton
B) Voltaire
C) Locke
D) Rousseau
Q6) Compare the paintings of Hogarth and Reynolds.How does each address the issue of class? Use examples to support your essay.
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Q1) Compare Manet's Olympia and Millais's Ophelia for how each work represents the artist and his period.
Q2) What material revolutionized architecture in the nineteenth century? How was it used?
Q3) Compare and contrast the goals of Romanticism and Realism.Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) Manet used art to call attention to ____.
A) politics
B) religion
C) history
D) art
Q5) Explain the relationship of Neoclassicism and Romanticism.Cite specific examples in your answer.
Q6) Why is Ingres's Grand Odalisque seen as a combination of Neoclassical and Romantic principles?
Q7) What did some viewers find offensive about Manet's Olympia?
A) her look of coyness
B) her look of surprise and revulsion
C) her look of cool indifference and shamelessness
D) her look of fear Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Symbolism,1870 to 1900
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Q1) Who said: "Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes,I use color more arbitrarily so as to express myself forcibly."?
A) Monet
B) Cézanne
C) Seurat
D) van Gogh
Q2) Discuss the 19 -century architecture styles and explain the role technology played in each.Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date.Give the reasons for your attributions,using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Q4) Explain the significance of Japanese prints to nineteenth-century European and American art.
Q5) Why is this structure significant for the history of architecture?
Q6) Which of the following artists is categorized as a Symbolist?
A) Klimt
B) Cassatt
C) Degas
D) Rousseau
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Chapter 14: Modernism in Europe and America,1900 to 1945
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Q1) What was the purpose of the Bauhaus?
Q2) Max Beckmann's painting Night was autobiographical because he ____.
A) included himself and his family in the work
B) committed atrocities while in the military service
C) was afraid of the dark
D) represented his fantasies
Q3) What style is described as compositions of shapes and forms abstracted from the conventionally conceived world?
A) Fauvism
B) Cubism
C) Surrealism
D) Dada
Q4) Compare the work of Jacob Lawrence and Edward Hopper.How did each artist respond to his period? What artistic devices did each artist use to create the emotion of his work? What was the sociopolitical context each artist addressed in his work? Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) What is a "a machine for living"?
Q6) Who created this work,and what is its theme? How does it relate to its social and historical context?
Page 18
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Chapter 15: Modernism and Postmodernism in Europe and America, 1945 to 1980
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Q1) Compare and contrast the work of the gestural abstractionist to the color field painters.Use examples to support your answer.
Q2) Which of the following describes Performance Art?
A) It is a commentary on contemporary theater.
B) It is a commentary on contemporary film
C) It replaces physical objects with movements, gestures and sounds
D) It purposefully confuses the audience.
Q3) The subject of many of Diane Arbus' photographs is:
A) idealized images of children
B) urban landscapes
C) religious architecture
D) unidealized images of people
Q4) How does Cindy Sherman's Untitled Film Stills relate to feminist concerns?
Q5) The New York artist whose paintings employed color as a doorway to another reality of emotional expression was ____.
A) Jackson Pollock
B) Francis Bacon
C) Mark Rothko
D) Willem De Kooning
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Chapter 16: Contemporary Art Worldwide
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Q1) The photographs of Andreas Gursky draw inspiration from:
A) everyday life
B) Chinese landscape painting
C) classical mythology
D) fantasy illustration
Q2) Compare and contrast the style of Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao with the Guggenheim Museum in New York.
Q3) Robert Mapplethorpe is known primarily as a/an:
A) watercolorist
B) architect
C) sculptor
D) photographer
Q4) Which of the following movements distrusts ideas of progress and objective truth,and views all cultures as equally valid?
A) Constructivism
B) Postmodernism
C) Postpainterly Abstraction
D) Abstract Expressionism
Q5) What was the artist's goal for this work?
Q6) Define the major characteristics of postmodernism.
Page 20
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
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Q1) How does this image represent the divine nature of the god?
Q2) Which of the following rulers marked his reign with the first official sponsorship of Buddhism?
A) Kanishka
B) Chandragupta
C) Ashoka
D) Shuunga
Q3) How does this image reflect the essence of Shiva?
Q4) In what ways are Buddhist teachings related to Hindu ideas? How do they relate to the meaning of human existence,and how were those concepts manifested in the visual arts? Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) Which of the following devices did Basawan utilize to detail the chaos and danger during the elephant rampage in the Akbarnama?
A) vivid gestures
B) single ground line
C) low horizon line
D) muted colors
Q6) Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism.
Q7) Describe the function and basic layout of a Hindu temple.
Page 21
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Chapter 18: China and Korea
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Q1) Select three works of art.How do they represent Chinese aesthetics? How are they significant? How are they reflective of their respective dynasties? What influences,if any,can be discerned? What were the motivations for the commissioning these works of art? How did they speak to Chinese culture and art? How do they resonate within the context of Chinese culture and visual arts?
Q2) Bronze ritual vessels were most characteristic of which period?
A) Han
B) Song
C) Six Dynasties
D) Shang
Q3) The Ming bureaucracy allowed China to be overrun by ____ who then established the Qing Dynasty.
A) Manchus
B) Mongols
C) native Chinese
D) Han
Q4) Compare and contrast the Paradise of Amitabha with Shitao's Man in a House beneath a Cliff.How does each image reflect its particular philosophy and its period?
Q5) How does this garden reflect Ming landscape?
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Chapter 19: Japan
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Q1) What makes these two images significantly different?
Q2) How does this work evoke the militarism of the time?
Q3) How did the Taian teahouse encourage intimacy among the guests and tea host?
A) The only guests invited were those who had already been friends for many years
B) The tea host visited with each and every guest one-on-one
C) They held each other's hands throughout the entirety of the ceremony
D) The room's dimness and tiny size encouraged the feeling of intimacy
Q4) In the Edo period,the Tokugawa rulers banned ____ and almost all foreigners from entering Japan.
A) Judaism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Shinto
Q5) What is the function of this building?
Q6) Ukiyo-e became popular because:
A) its price was affordable to the average person
B) it was rare and luxurious
C) the emperor paid for the education of all ukiyo-e artists
D) it was made by revered Buddhist monks
Page 23
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Chapter 20: Native America
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Q1) Evaluate the impact of Teotihuacán on subsequent generations in Mexico.How did it affect the visual arts and architecture? Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) Which of the following is a possible explanation for the temple-pyramid layout of the La Venta site?
A) mimics the sacred mountain
B) mimics the palace of the king
C) is a very early form of the Maya temple-pyramid complex
D) forms the diagram of the universe
Q3) What does the location of the Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde signify?
Q4) What is the significance of thunderclouds and feathers on a Katsina mask?
Q5) Which of the following is the commonly suggested as the reasoning for Teotihuacán's layout?
A) related to the calendar of the gods
B) related to the topography of the area
C) related to the legend of the king
D) related to astronomical phenomena
Q6) How does the disk of Coyolxauhqui describe the Aztec psyche?
Q7) How did the Olmec and Teotihuacán cultures shape the development of the Classic Maya culture?
Page 24
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Chapter 21: Africa
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Q1) Kongo Nkisi n'Kondi are believed to ____.
A) heal
B) communicate with the dead
C) house the soul of the first born
D) take on the spirit of its creator
Q2) Discuss gender roles in African societies and how they affect the artistic production.Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) The twentieth-century Benin king's head stands for ____.
A) wisdom, good judgment, and divine guidance
B) intelligence, honor, and good government
C) patience, humor, and wisdom
D) honor, virtue and strength
Q4) The ____ people claim they are descendents of Chibinda Ilunga,the legendary hunter-king
A) Chokwe
B) Dogon
C) Yoruba
D) Nok
Q5) Discuss the use of art to indicate social status in Africa.Use examples to support your essay.
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