Introduction to Art History Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Art History offers students a comprehensive overview of the major movements, themes, and methodologies that have shaped visual culture from prehistory to the present day. Through the analysis of painting, sculpture, architecture, and other visual media across global contexts, students will develop critical skills for interpreting and understanding artworks within their historical, social, and cultural frameworks. The course emphasizes close visual analysis, comparative study, and the exploration of key artistic achievements, encouraging students to appreciate the role of art in shaping human experience and society.
Recommended Textbook
Gardner s Art through the Ages The Western Perspective Volume I 13th Edition by Fred
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S. Kleiner
Chapter 1: The Birth of Art: Africa Europe and the Near East in
the Stone Age
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Q1) Which region provided the necessary preconditions for the development of agriculture?
Answer: The grassy uplands bordering the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia.
Q2) In the last phase of the Mesolithic period what animal was domesticated? 1
A) sheep 2
B) cow 3
C) goat 4
D) dog
Answer: D
Q3) As currently interpreted,Paleolithic animal paintings could not be describe as ________.
A) lively
B) abstract
C) naturalistic
D) magical in purpose
Answer: B
Q4) Why is Ain Ghazal important to art history?
Answer: A recently discovered cache of plaster statuettes mark the beginning of monumental sculpture in the Ancient Near East.
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Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization
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Q1) How do the reliefs on the Palace of Darius at Persepolis reflect the purpose of the building?
Answer: The relief of subject nations bringing tribute to the Persian ruler and the complex palace ceremonials echoed the purpose of the great palace which was intended to symbolize Persian power.
Q2) Describe an architectural feature used at Persepolis that seems to have been uniquely Persian.
Answer: capitals with the foreparts of lions or bulls
Q3) How did the destruction of Persepolis change the balance of power within the Ancient Near East?
Answer: symbolized the destruction of imperial Persian power and its end as a significant political power in the Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds.The focus of power now rested in the hands of Alexander the Great and later Imperial Rome.In the 3<sup>rd</sup> century CE,a new dynasty rose and challenged Rome for supremacy of the area,the Sasanians.
Q4) What is the most importance archaeological source of knowledge regarding Persian architecture?
Answer: Persepolis
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Chapter 3: Pharoahs and the Afterlife
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Q1) How do these two figures reflect the political and religious climates of their times?
Answer: Khafre,Gizeh and.Akhenaton,Temple of Aton .Khafre's divinity and eternal stillness define the nature of the ruler-vigilance for Egypt.It becomes an icon for the enduring power of pharaoh,a statement for eternity and Egypt's place as a significant power and imposing majesty.While Akhenaton still retains the standard frontal pose of canonical pharaonic portraits,the sculptor has deviated by presenting a long,curving body rather than the heroically proportioned body of pharaoh.This change reflects the aesthetic developed at this time by Akhenaton (Amarna Period),who broke with the traditional gods and established Aton as the only or universal god of Egypt.
Q2) Which of the following plants was commonly used to symbolize Upper Egypt?
A) papyrus
B) lotus
C) nettle
D) myrtle
Answer: B
Q3) What is a mastaba?
Answer: An ancient Egyptian tomb in the shape of a bench or truncated pyramid.
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Chapter 4: Minos and the Heroes of Homer
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Q1) Describe the palaces that were rebuilt during the Minoan New Palace Period.
Q2) Evaluate and describe the architectural differences between the Citadel of Tiryns and the Palace at Knossos.What geographic and historical factors may account for these differences? Consider the societal components as well in your essay.
Q3) The Lion Gate is the gateway to:
A) Tiryns
B) Knossos
C) Mallia
D) Mycenae
Q4) Evaluate the differences between Minoan fresco painting and Egyptian frescoes of the New Kingdom.Discuss both stylistic features and where and why they were painted.Why are these differences significant?
Q5) Explain the uniqueness of the Harvester Vase.
Q6) Spring is the first pure landscape.Which of the following best defines landscape?
A) It has no humans and a narrative element.
B) It has a narrative element.
C) It has no humans and no narrative element.
D) It has no humans.
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Chapter 5: Gods,Heros,and Athletes
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Q1) The subject matter of the drinking cup by Onesimos would never have been portrayed publicly in monumental painting or sculpture,only in the private sphere would this subject matter have been acceptable.What fact about this work supports this statement?
A) genre scene of lady of the house bathing
B) genre scene of master of the house bathing
C) genre scene of servant girl of the house bathing
D) genre scene of son of the house bathing
Q2) Compare and contrast the pedimental sculptures from the Parthenon and the frieze from the Altar of Zeus at Pergamon.What allusions are made by the mythological themes presented? How does each group reflect its period?
Q3) Describe the differences in style between these two reliefs.
Q4) How is the frieze on the Temple of Athena Nike unique and significant?
Q5) One of these temples is Archaic and the other is Classical.Identify them,describe the architectural development,and account for the similarities and differences which can be seen.
Q6) What is hubris,and how does the Niobid Painter calyx Krater depict it?
Q7) Describe the plan of the Erechtheion and the reasons for its design.
Q8) Describe the fusion of Ionic and Doric elements in the Parthenon.
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Chapter 6: Italy Before the Romans
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Q1) Evaluate the differences and the similarities between Etruscan and Egyptian sarcophagi.Include in your discussion the aesthetic needs of the Etruscan.How were these needs different from Egyptian aesthetic needs? Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) The Etruscans became citizens of which the following in the first century BCE?
A) Rome
B) Perugia
C) Paestum
D) Athens
Q3) In depicting human figures,what forms and style did Etruscan sculptors favor?
Q4) Contrast these works.What do they say about Etruscan art?
Q5) Examine the commerce and trade relationships the Etruscans had in the Mediterranean.How did these relationships influence their art? Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) How do these works reflect late Etruscan society?
Q7) Describe Etruscan necropoli and their location.
Q8) What is tufa,and what effect did it have on the construction of Etruscan tombs?
Q9) How did the sarcophagus of Lars Pulena reflect contemporary Etruscan society?
Q10) Contrast the various features of these buildings.How did the Etruscans re-shape and change the original design? Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Roman Empire
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Q1) What is atmospheric perspective?
Q2) The Arch of Titus shows the military triumphs of Titus,returning after the successful conclusion of the Jewish Wars in 70 CE.Which of the following was also included in the sculptural program for the Arch of Titus?
A) celebration of imperial virtues
B) celebration of the ancestry of Titus
C) celebration of the birthplace of Titus
D) celebration of the reign of Nero
Q3) Identify this object.What does it say about Antonine Rome?
Q4) Which of the following best describes and distinguishes the "Fourth Style" of Roman painting?
A) Masonry
B) Linear Fantasies
C) Dissolution of confining walls
D) Architectural Illusionism
Q5) How does the equestrian portrait of Marcus Aurelius convey the power of the emperor?
Q6) How does this image represent the Roman middle-class and professional citizen?
Q7) How do the portraits of Livia reflect Classical Greek sculpture?
Q8) How does a vault differ from a post-and-lintel system?
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Chapter 8: Late Antiquity
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Q1) How does this ivory plaque reflect Early Christian themes?
Q2) Why is the diptych of the Nicomachi and Symmachi significant?
Q3) Which of the following is a basilica?
A) Santa Costanza
B) Old St. Peter's
C) Sts. Peter and Marcellinus
D) St. Callixtus
Q4) Which of the following themes represents the interior decorative program of Santa Costanza?
A) the lives of the saints
B) the Passion
C) grape harvest and wine production
D) history of Rome
Q5) What does this image say about changing views of Christ? Note the iconographic features of the image and describe the stylistic features that add to the emotional effect.
Q6) Compare the treatment of space and form in these two sculptures and discuss the factors that may account for the differences in style.
Q7) Explain Old St.Peter's relationship and place in Christendom.
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Q8) Compare these two images.How have their interior spaces changed in function?
Chapter 9: Byzantium
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Q1) Who was the founder of the "New Rome" of the East?
A) Diocletian
B) Constantine
C) Julian
D) Theodosius I
Q2) The seventh and eighth centuries were a period of turmoil for Byzantium.This period saw the loss of the Eastern provinces to conquest under the banner of Islam.These events persuaded Emperor Leo III that God was punishing the Empire for its idolatrous worship of icons.Based on this what did Leo III initiate?
A) He formally prohibited the use of images.
B) He formally petitioned prayers from the Patriarch.
C) He formally charged the Imperial workshops to increase production of images.
D) He formally charged the population to increase their worship of images.
Q3) Describe the mosaic,Theodora and Attendants from San Vitale,and explain its symbolism.
Q4) Discuss the consequences of the Iconoclasm and its effect on Early Byzantine art.How did the Iconoclasm affect Middle Byzantine art? Include in your discussion the reasons for the Iconoclasm.Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) How did the Byzantine emperors refer to themselves and why is this significant?
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Chapter 10: The Islamic World
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Q1) The unification of text and ornament found in the design of Islamic Korans is also found in the European manuscripts of the ______________.
A) Hiberno-Saxons
B) Carolingians
C) Ottonians
D) Early Christian
Q2) How does the decorative design of the Toul Cathedral silk fragment differ from the architectural decorative design of mosques? How did it come to Toul Cathedral?
Q3) The hypostyle mosque,such as Kairouan,most closely reflects the mosque's supposed origin.Which of the following best supports this statement?
A) It is Muhammad's house in Medina.
B) It is Muhammad's house in Mecca.
C). It is the house of Muhammad's divine inspiration.
D) It is the house from which Muhammad ascended into Paradise.
Q4) Why were monumental tombs virtually unknown in the early Islamic period and how did this change?
Q5) How does the label,"Sinan the Great," describe the architect and his work?
Q6) Briefly describe the Abbasid contributions to Islamic culture.
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Chapter 11: Early Medieval Europe
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Q1) Briefly describe and explain the juxtaposition of Old and New Testament scenes of the Bernward Doors from St.Michael at Hildesheim
Q2) _________________ was a possible model for Bernward's column because the narrative reads from top to bottom.
A) Marcus Aurelius's Column
B) Justinian's Column
C) Trajan's Column
D) Constantine's Column
Q3) Compare and contrast the Book of Durrow with the Coronation Gospels.How does each work represent its environment? How does each work reflect its period and the changes in manuscript illumination,if any?
Q4) What area of Western Europe was never colonized by Rome?
A) England
B) France
C) Ireland
D) Spain
Q5) Describe and explain the interaction of Roman illusionism with Barbarian linear decoration in manuscript illumination of the early Middle Ages.Use examples to support your essay.
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Chapter 12: The Age of Pilgrimages
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Q1) Define the term Romanesque.How was it applied to the period?
Q2) The Romanesque church that had a wooden ceiling like those found in Early Christian basilicas was which of the following?
A) San Miniato, Florence
B) St.-Pierre, Moissac
C) Durham Cathedral
D) Sant'Ambrogio, Milan
Q3) Explain the effect the pilgrimage routes had on the dissemination of regional architectural styles of church architecture.Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) How did 11<sup>th</sup> century Romanesque masons construct monumental groin vaults?
A) By using ashlar blocks joined by mortar
B) By using ashlar blocks
C) By using concrete
D) By using rubble blocks jointed by mortar
Q5) How did groin vaults change the weight shift in structures?
Q6) What did the Pilgrim's Guide to Santiago de Compostela detail?
Q7) Explain the significance of the pointed arches that were used in Cluny III.
Q8) Briefly describe the impact pilgrimage routes had on Romanesque Europe.
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Chapter 13: The Age of Great Cathedrals
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Q1) Abbot Suger is credited with creating which of the following churches?
A) St.-Sernin
B) St.-Denis
C) St.-Chapelle
D) Notre-Dame, Paris
Q2) What is lux nova?
Q3) Which of these churches embodies the essential characteristics of English Gothic architecture?
A) Wells Cathedral
B) Ely Cathedral
C) Salisbury Cathedral
D) York Cathedral
Q4) Which of the following animals appears on the exterior facade of Laon Cathedral?
A) horses
B) mules
C) oxen
D) percherons
Q5) How did the cult of the Virgin impact Gothic society?
Q6) How does the statue of Virgin of Jeanne d'Evreux symbolize the Gothic period?
Q7) Who was Blanche of Castile?
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Chapter 14: Italy,1200 to 1400
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Q1) This historian,Giovanni Villani,wrote in the 14<sup>th</sup> century that this city was,"the daughter and creature of Rome" suggesting a preeminence inherited from the Roman Empire.Which of the following city-states does this phrase describe?
A) Pisa
B) Siena
C) Florence
D) Padua
Q2) How do these two images reflect contemporary Italian society?
Q3) Explain the impact of the Black Death on Italy.How did it affect the visual arts? Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) Giovanni Pisano's works show which of the following?
A) Classical antiquity influences
B) dark emotionalism
C) burgeoning naturalism
D) radiant color
Q5) In what way does this work reflect liturgical theater?
Q6) Explain the political and artistic implications of Duccio's Maestà.Use examples to support your essay.
Q7) Briefly describe humanism.
Page 17
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