Introduction to Anthropology Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology explores the study of human beings from a holistic perspective, examining the biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological aspects of humanity. This course introduces students to the key concepts, theories, and methods used by anthropologists to understand the diversity of human experience across time and space. Through comparative analysis of different societies and cultures, students learn how people adapt, create meaning, form communities, and navigate a changing world. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, ethical considerations, and the relevance of anthropology to contemporary global issues.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 1st Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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17 Chapters
1120 Verified Questions
1120 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who describes spoken languages and preserves them as written languages?
A) linguistic archaeologists
B) descriptive linguists
C) ethnolinguists
D) historic linguists
E) sociolinguists
Answer: B
Q2) People are biological creatures as well as rational human beings. In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?
A) four-field approach
B) cultural evolution
C) sociobiology
D) ethnobiology
E) syncretism
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Culture
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65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Culture is more than a set of ideas or patterns of behavior shared by a group of people because it also includes which of the following general mechanisms created by people to promote and maintain their core values?
A) religious preferences
B) powerful influences
C) platonic ideas
D) coercive powers
E) powerful institutions
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following industries is key in arousing our desires for goods and services?
A) banking
B) economics
C) advertising
D) manufacturing
E) service
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The author suggests that anthropology is unique among other disciplines such as economics or history because our perspective begins with:
A) statistics.
B) space.
C) people.
D) records.
E) trends.
Answer: C
Q2) In giving her perspectives on the process of doing fieldwork in a Brazilian shantytown, Nancy Scheper-Hughes' account of Alto do Cruzeiro is an example of:
A) polyvocality.
B) reflexive ethnography.
C) informed anthropology.
D) authoritative writing.
E) processual anthropology.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Noam Chomsky's research proposes that:
A) all humans share a similar ability to learn language based on the way that our brains are hardwired.
B) human brains are genetically hardwired to learn specific languages.
C) different languages create different ways of thinking.
D) a language's grammar is derived from the culture in which it develops.
E) humans' ability to learn language varies widely from culture to culture.
Q2) Digital immigrants are:
A) the gap between those fully able to participate in the digital age and those without access to electricity, the Internet, and mobile phones.
B) social struggles for worker rights and democracy that are aided by social media, mobile phones, and electronic communication.
C) born after the 1980s; this generation has spent their lives using devices like smartphones and laptops.
D) the era defined by the proliferation of high-speed communication technologies, social networking, and personal computing.
E) the generation that uses technology, but in a process more akin to learning a new culture or language.
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6
Chapter 5: Human Origins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize the process of how sickle-cell anemia is an example of natural selection at work in the human population.
Q2) Which of the following is a technique of relative dating?
A) stratigraphy
B) radiocarbon
C) potassium/argon
D) radiopotassium
E) uranium/lead
Q3) A dating technique that indicates the age of a fossil in comparison to nearby plants, animals, or cultural artifacts is called:
A) absolute.
B) stratigraphic.
C) relative.
D) radiometric.
E) ecometric.
Q4) What do we know about the behavior of Neandertals based on archaeological excavations?
Q5) Explain how the peppered moth is a powerful example of natural selection in evolution.
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Chapter 6: Race and Racism
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65 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who believes that Italians are somehow "inferior" and therefore refuses to give an Italian person a job is demonstrating:
A) racist ideology.
B) individual racism.
C) fascism.
D) nativism.
E) eugenics.
Q2) Geneticists point out that dividing people by skin color is as logical as dividing them by:
A) brain size.
B) earwax.
C) eyelashes.
D) facial hair.
E) toenails.
Q3) The specific inherited genetic patterns of a person or organism are called its:
A) ethnicity.
B) genotype.
C) inheritance.
D) phenotype.
E) race.
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Chapter 7: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The French have a strong sense of connection to their history, ideals, and culture that binds them together, and this is clearly missing in Iraq. This illustrates the concept of: A) dominion.
B) ethnicity.
C) fellowship.
D) society.
E) sodality.
Q2) When minorities abandon their separate identity and adopt the culture and norms of the dominant group, they are practicing: A) nationalization.
B) integration.
C) incorporation.
D) assimilation.
E) absorption.
Q3) Define ethnic cleansing and genocide and give an example of each to illustrate your answer.
Q4) Explain what is meant when we say that a nation is an imagined community, and give an example from the class.
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Chapter 8: Gender
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the term anthropologists use to refer to physical differences in primary and secondary sexual characteristics.
A) Genitalia
B) Sexual dimorphism
C) Transgendering
D) Cultural constructions
E) Performance patterns
Q2) In the gender-based violence against nonheterosexuals, ________ are especially vulnerable.
A) lesbians
B) fags
C) transgenders
D) gay men
E) bisexuals
Q3) Ida Susser's initial research focused on:
A) HIV/AIDS prevention in Brazil (South America).
B) the student movement at Kent State University (Ohio).
C) social change in Brooklyn (New York City).
D) the end of apartheid in South Africa.
E) child mortality in Appalachia (United States).
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Chapter 9: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the mati of Suriname is true?
A) "Mati work" parallels European ideas of lesbianism.
B) Mati regard sexuality as a flexible behavior rather than a fixed identity.
C) Mati marry men for children and economic stability while maintaining "visiting relationships" with female partners.
D) "Mati work" is a practice that was transferred from the Netherlands to its colony, and that later disappeared in the Netherlands while persisting in Suriname.
E) Mati relationships in the Netherlands are a model of egalitarianism for traditional heterosexual couples.
Q2) Initiation ceremonies among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea involve the transfer of semen between:
A) older men and young men.
B) young men and their wives.
C) young men and older women.
D) young men and other men in their age cohort.
E) older men and other men in their age cohort.
Q3) Define sexuality and, using a minimum of three examples from the text, describe the ways in which culture influences sexual beliefs and behaviors.
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11
Chapter 10: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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72 Verified Questions
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Q1) Which of the following commonly creates socially recognized relationships that may involve physical and emotional intimacy, sexual pleasure, reproduction and raising of children, mutual support and companionship, and shared legal rights to property and inheritance?
A) lineage
B) marriage
C) heredity
D) descent
E) biology
Q2) Looking cross-culturally, anthropologists argue that:
A) there is clearly a single universal definition of marriage.
B) definitions of marriage vary across cultures and over time.
C) definitions of marriage vary across cultures but are stable over time.
D) definitions of marriage have been made universal by globalization.
E) marriage and family are unchanged by modern technology and globalization.
Q3) Anthropologists argue that kinship is one of several ways in which individuals form groups. Name three other ways in which humans form groups and provide some concrete examples of each. Does kinship influence how these other groups are formed? Why or why not?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Class and Inequality
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a ritual ceremony, the potlatch serves to establish social status not by wealth and power but by the prestige earned via a person's capacity for which of the following?
A) labor
B) obligation
C) generosity
D) status
E) power
Q2) Karl Marx, Max Weber, Pierre Bourdieu, and Leith Mullings are four theorists who have examined class as a system of stratification in societies. Which of the four theorists' approaches do you find most convincing? Describe the theorist's general approach to examining class and discuss how this particular approach differs from the approaches used by the other theorists. What makes this approach more convincing in your opinion? Do you think this approach is still an effective tool in examining class in societies today? Given the increasingly global nature of societal interconnections, do you believe this approach will continue to be useful in examining class systems in future societies? Why or why not? Do you think additional approaches will be needed to more fully examine class systems in the future? Why or why not?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: The Global Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the commodity most closely associated with early Chinese trade routes.
A) Fur
B) Sugar
C) Salt
D) Silk
E) Slaves
Q2) Following independence, many former colonies experienced:
A) decreases in poverty.
B) rapid economic growth.
C) marked improvement in the standard of living.
D) a need to take on international debt.
E) greater income equality.
Q3) Haiti is a significant former colony because:
A) it was the first nation to gain independence from a colonial power.
B) it became the first independent former colony to be ruled by people of African descent.
C) it was the first colony in the Caribbean to gain independence from Portugal.
D) widespread migration from Haiti to Britain occurred after Independence.
E) a film depicting the torture of Haitian nationalists was banned in France.
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Chapter 13: Migration
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the early twentieth century, hundreds of thousands of ________ migrated to Brazil, Peru, and Argentina to seek new economic opportunities.
A) Indonesians
B) Tongans
C) Chinese
D) Koreans
E) Japanese
Q2) The ________ generation of young Dominicans studied by Ana Aparicio in New York have been able to negotiate their identity situationally, often shifting between categories of black, Latino, Dominican, and people of color.
A) second
B) first
C) 1.5
D) "lost"
E) third
Q3) According to the textbook, Muslim street vendors in New York City have long-standing ties that cross the Atlantic Ocean. Discuss how these merchants are an example of transnational entrepreneurial migrants. What is the importance of social networks in their experience?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Politics and Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe what it means to say that the state, soldiers, and warfare are all constructed.
Q2) The traditional political system of Micronesia of matrilineal clans headed by chiefs and dispersed across many islands, which allows them to readily recover from disastrous situations, is known as:
A) tribes.
B) states.
C) groups.
D) chiefdoms.
E) bands.
Q3) Discuss how alternative structures are used to circumvent state power, and provide an example to illustrate your points.
Q4) An organization that advocates for members of local communities and against uneven development and fights unfair state policies is referred to as a(n):
A) advocating agency.
B) civil society organization.
C) international aid society.
D) local support agency.
E) nonaligned charity.
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Chapter 15: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anthropologist Clifford Geertz suggests that religion is essentially a system of ideas surrounding a set of powerful:
A) symbols.
B) rituals.
C) rites.
D) beliefs.
E) practices.
Q2) Which of the following theories contends that religious practices have likely developed in response to very practical problems as people sought to adapt to the natural environment?
A) Marvin Harris
B) Karl Marx
C) Max Weber
D) Emile Durkheim
E) Victor Turner
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Health and Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anthropologists believe that culture plays an underlying role in ways that health is perceived, experienced, and treated. Using the example of the Maya of Yucatán, identify two specific aspects of the birth process and explain how these reflect local cultural values and community conditions.
Q2) Which population did Khiara Bridges study?
A) Hmong immigrants in the United States
B) the Fore of New Guinea
C) Maya in Yucatan, Mexico
D) mothers in New York City
E) impoverished Haitians
Q3) In the view of "technocratic birth":
A) women are viewed as strong and capable actors in the birth process.
B) expectant mothers are attended by midwives and family members.
C) fathers are expected to hold the mothers while encouraging them.
D) mothers can receive epidural injections to manage their pain.
E) medical professionals believe that nature will take its own course.
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Chapter 17: Art and Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ are virtual characters created to inhabit alternate worlds.
A) Mediascapes
B) Avatars
C) Oralities
D) Surrogates
E) Socialites
Q2) Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins applied the photographic gaze to National Geographic magazines because:
A) on average, more than 100 million people worldwide read it monthly.
B) it was the only source of information available about cultures of the world prior to cable
Television becoming widely available.
C) they were paid more than $25,000 by the publishers to help increase subscription rates.
D) they wanted to explore the power of visual images to shape cultural perspectives and behavior.
E) they learned that their students were more willing to read National Geographic articles than the ethnographies they assigned them.
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Page 19