Introduction to Anthropology Solved
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology provides a broad overview of the study of humanity, exploring the diverse ways humans have evolved, adapted, and organized their societies across time and space. Through examining cultural, biological, archaeological, and linguistic perspectives, students gain insight into human origins, cultural diversity, social structures, belief systems, language, and material culture. This course emphasizes critical thinking about issues such as cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, and globalization, fostering a deeper understanding of both the differences and commonalities among people worldwide.
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Cultural Anthropology An Applied Perspective 9th Edition by Gary Ferraro
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What is Anthropology?
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Q1) Physical anthropology is focused exclusively on the reconstruction of the human fossil record.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Anthropologists suspend cultural relativism when studying the practices of:
A) the Dani who cut off a finger from the hand of any close female relative of a man who dies.
B) the Kikuyu custom of female circumcision.
C) the Inuit custom of leaving the aged out in the cold to die.
D) the Bannock-Shoshoni who commit crimes on the reservation.
E) Anthropologists do not suspend the practice of cultural relativism in their work.
Answer: E
Q3) Ethnocentrism is declining in the world today due to globalization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) With what three types of material remains do archaeologists work?
Answer: artifacts,features,and ecofacts
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Chapter 2: The Concept of Culture
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Q1) In a best-selling 1958 book called The Ugly American,authors William Lederer and Eugene Burdick documented:
A) the social deviance that they witnessed among North American youth prior to the 1960s.
B) the aggressive and war-like tendencies of North American culture.
C) the various ways that beauty is defined differently between different cultural groups.
D) the primary physiological differences between North Americans and Europeans.
E) the cultural insensitivities of North Americans traveling abroad.
Answer: E
Q2) The anthropological concept of culture includes all of the following except:
A) the ideas people learn.
B) genetic aspects of being human.
C) the material things people share.
D) the ways people behave.
E) the values and attitudes that people have.
Answer: B
Q3) What are pluralistic societies? Provide an example of one.
Answer: Pluralistic societies are composed of a number of subcultural groups.The Amish in the U.S.are an example.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Applied Anthropology
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Q1) All of the following are products that result from an applied anthropology project except:
A) solid sociocultural information that is useful beyond the project itself.
B) policy recommendations and implications.
C) the development of permanent employment opportunities at the research site.
D) a plan of action designed to correct the problem.
E) research findings that may be useful beyond the time period of the project itself.
Answer: C
Q2) Which statement about applied anthropology is false?
A) Applied and pure anthropology are sometimes hard to distinguish.
B) Applied anthropology played an important role in WWII.
C) Applied anthropology is a rapidly growing specialty within the discipline in recent decades.
D) All applied anthropologists play the role of advocate in their fieldsite.
E) Both applied and pure anthropologists use much of the same type of methodology.
Answer: D
Q3) Why is applied anthropology associated with problem-oriented research?
Answer: The goal is to assist in addressing societal problems.
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Chapter 4: The Growth of Anthropological Theory
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Q1) What three kinds of evolutionary thought did Julian Steward recognize?
Q2) Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict took a Freudian approach to anthropology.
A)True
B)False
Q3) American historicism was developed by:
A) Melville J. Herskovits.
B) Claude Lévi-Strauss.
C) Ruth Behar.
D) Franz Boas.
E) Bronislaw Malinowski.
Q4) A theory is:
A) a basis for further investigation.
B) an unproven proposition.
C) an educated opinion.
D) a statement about how things are related.
E) a hunch about how things are related.
Q5) Tylor and Morgan,as nineteenth-century evolutionists,based their theories on fragmentary data.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Methods in Cultural Anthropology
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Q1) Anthropologists receiving support from their sponsors must:
A) reflect upon the purposes of the sponsoring organizations and the potential uses to which the findings will be put.
B) never reveal their sources of information to their sponsors.
C) never accept more money than to meet their research expenses.
D) accept the fact that their sponsors have the right to make all ethical decisions.
E) make sure that the sponsoring organizations will be able to use the data they collect.
Q2) Which of the following is not a common applied field method?
A) urban action assessment
B) focus groups
C) rapid ethnographic assessment
D) participatory action research
E) surveys
Q3) How do qualitative and quantitative methods differ?
Q4) The Jamaica Agroforestry Project encouraged farmers to plant nitrogen-fixing trees instead of food products.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Language and Communication
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Q1) In some areas of the world,such as Hawaii,there is a linguistic revitalization in process.How would linguistic changes such as these affect the process of globalization? Use examples with your opinions.
Q2) On what aspect of language do sociolinguists concentrate?
Q3) Diglossia refers to:
A) fluency in two languages.
B) an inability to speak.
C) a practice of using more than one form of the same language within the same language community.
D) a speech problem that causes a person to not be able to associate words with meanings.
E) the inability of a person to learn more than one language during a lifetime.
Q4) Doublespeak is a form of code switching.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Nuer have a cultural emphasis on pigs and pig-rearing.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is diglossia?
Q7) Define a language family.
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Chapter 7: Subsistence Patterns
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A) A society cannot exceed the carrying capacity of its environment.
B) A society cannot easily increase food production far beyond their carrying capacity.
C) A society can easily exceed its carrying capacity.
D) No environment has a fixed carrying capacity.
E) Societies usually stay far below their carrying capacities.
Q2) Seed crops require more nutrients than root crops.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Intensive agriculture requires a great investment of both labor and capital,but it does support more people per unit of land than horticulture can.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Define and describe domestication.
Q5) Distinguish between the two types of pastoralism.
Q6) What is the relationship between carrying capacity and technology?
Q7) What is the optimal foraging theory?
Q8) List the five major food-procurement categories found among the world's populations
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Chapter 8: Economics
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Q1) Reciprocity refers to an exchange of goods and/or services of:
A) unequal value that occurs at the same moment in time.
B) exactly the same value that occurs over a short period of time.
C) relatively equal value between two parties without the use of money.
D) unequal value between elites and commoners in a state society.
E) relatively equal value between more than two parties that sometimes involves the use of money.
Q2) What is a prestige economy?
Q3) In a number of developing countries today:
A) a decreasing number of children under age 14 engage in wage employment.
B) children only work on household chores and are not allowed to work in factories.
C) children are prohibited by their religion to work for wages.
D) an increasing number of children under age 12 are engaged in wage employment.
E) children are being replaced by women as the primary wage earners for the family.
Q4) What are the major differences between substantivism and formalism in economic theory?
Q5) Describe the aspects of economic production that all societies must face cross-culturally.
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Chapter 9: Marriage and the Family
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Q1) List four of the functions of bridewealth that anthropologists have identified?
Q2) Educational anthropologist Dr.Cathie Jordan worked in a school setting in Hawaii to improve teaching methods for local children of Hawaiian ancestry.All of the following statements are true except:
A) she found that the children contribute significantly to the everyday work of their household.
B) she found that children needed to be given more responsibilities in the classroom in order to increase engagement with the material and performance.
C) Hawaiian children had much greater adult supervision at home than at school.
D) children were highly cooperative in their home environments.
E) levels of achievement in school can be tied to patterns of behavior established in the home environment.
Q3) Arranged marriages are found most often in what type of society?
A) democratic societies
B) very wealthy societies
C) societies that are primarily agricultural
D) societies in which there is elaborate social hierarchy
E) societies that are primarily industrial
Q4) What are the primary benefits of cross cousin marriage?
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Chapter 10: Kinship and Descent
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Q1) In the story related by medical anthropologist Geri-Ann Galanti in "Cross-Cultural Miscues," why was the young Bedouin woman killed after she was sent to the hospital?
A) She was a victim of medical malpractice.
B) She has dishonored her family and they killed her to restore their honor.
C) She died of hemorrhaging during an abortion because her family removed her from the hospital before doctors advised.
D) She was abducted in her village for seeking out Western medical treatment.
E) She was threatened, but she was not actually killed.
Q2) Descent groups composed of two or more clans are called:
A) moieties.
B) lineages.
C) phratries.
D) bands.
E) segmentary lineages.
Q3) What is a kindred?
Q4) How is the term matriarchy distinct from the term matrilineal?
Q5) Neolocal residence is associated exclusively with food-collecting societies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Sex and Gender
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Q1) Women in the U.S.have higher mortality rates than men because they are most often victims of family violence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Among the Maasai:
A) women have extremely high status as cattle herders.
B) women and men have relatively equal status, as both participate equally in subsistence activities.
C) there is a female-centered ideal and the society is markedly pro-female.
D) women are marginalized because they are not cattle herders.
E) both men and women work as farmers, but men's labor is more valued.
Q3) According to Deborah Tannen,women in the U.S.engage in "report talk" while men engage in "rapport talk."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Among the Dani of New Guinea,there is a low sexual expressiveness as a cultural norm.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the significance of sexual dimorphism in humans?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Social Stratification
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Q1) Which statement about the class system in the United States is true?
A) All people have an equal chance of going from rags to riches.
B) The U.S. allows for the least amount of social mobility.
C) Most people stay in the same social class for their entire lives.
D) U.S. society places a higher value on ascribed status than on achieved status.
E) In the U.S. we have more characteristics of a caste society than a class one.
Q2) Race refers to:
A) a group of people sharing similar cultural traits.
B) a group of people sharing similar beliefs and ideologies.
C) nothing more than a statistical statement about the occurrence of physical traits.
D) three specific categories: Mongoloid, Negroid, and Caucasoid.
E) the accumulation of all physical differences between any two populations.
Q3) What are common characteristics of caste societies?
Q4) There is extremely little social mobility in a class society.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the most significant social consequences of global wealth inequity?
Q6) What is ethnicity?
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Chapter 13: Political Organization and Social Control
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Q1) What are the four types of political structure?
Q2) State systems of government are supported by intensive agriculture,which is required to support a large number of non-food producing bureaucrats.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The European colonial powers:
A) only founded colonies in societies with long histories as chiefdoms.
B) never found chiefs to be associated with supernatural powers.
C) eliminated traditional chiefs because they interfered with colonial administration.
D) created chiefs where none had previously existed in order to facilitate administration of local populations.
E) recognized local chiefs and used them in order to create orderly societies that were subordinated to European administrations.
Q4) Lineage structures are very important in small-scale societies.Discuss and give examples of the various roles that dead ancestors occupy within the corporate lineage group.Do you believe this would be a very effective means of social control?
Q5) What is a nation-state?
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Chapter 14: Supernatural Beliefs
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Q1) People perform religious rituals as:
A) a way of invoking supernatural beings to control those forces over which they feel they have no control.
B) a practice with as little emotion as possible, because they seldom really believe rituals are effective.
C) a way of demonstrating the strong control they have over their own lives.
D) a way to demonstrate social importance and validation for their lives.
E) a way to obtain political, social, and economic power.
Q2) Religion prevents people from expressing their common identity in ways that would create powerful social bonds.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Shamans,among the Reindeer Tungus of Siberia:
A) can be either men or women.
B) can neither control spirits nor stop them from causing harm.
C) are distinct because they never serve as mediums for spirits.
D) use no special paraphernalia such as costumes or mirrors.
E) are full-time specialists.
Q4) What is a rite of passage?
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Chapter 15: Art
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Q1) Capoeira is a Brazilian art form combining dance,acrobatics,and martial arts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Western societies,mythology is:
A) universally rejected.
B) still appealing, as indicated by the popularity of the characters in the Star Wars movies and the work of Joseph Campbell.
C) no longer seriously studied, even though it is quite popular in reading material for most people.
D) used as the primary source for all movies and television.
E) quite popular, both in and outside of the church
Q3) The anthropological definition of art:
A) is a universal one, accepted by all professionals.
B) refers to processes, products, and transformation of forms in ways that are aesthetically pleasing to members of the society.
C) emphasizes permanent material forms of art as the most important.
D) does not recognize symbolic communication as art.
E) considers any product that is human-made as an artistic form that attempts to communicate.
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Chapter 16: The Modern World Order, Global Challenges, and the
Role of Applied Anthropology
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Q1) Which of the following was the warmest year ever on record?
A) 1950
B) 1899
C) 2005
D) 2010
Q2) Most scientists today agree that the major cause of climate change is:
A) a natural cyclical pattern of climatic variation.
B) changes in the atmospheric pressure.
C) increased amounts of solar energy being developed.
D) global warming.
E) something not yet known.
Q3) Joint stock companies were formed by a multitude of citizens who wished to establish their own countries.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The levels of greenhouse gases have increased 35% since the start of the industrial period.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
Q5) Is globalization a good or a bad thing? Use examples to support your answer.
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