Introduction to Anthropology Practice Questions
Course
Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology explores the study of humans, past and present, through the four main subfields: sociocultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. The course provides an overview of how anthropologists investigate human diversity, social structures, cultural practices, language, evolution, and material remains. Students will learn about foundational theories, methodologies, and key findings in anthropology, gaining an appreciation for the complexity of human societies and the tools used to study them. The course promotes critical thinking about cultural differences, global issues, and the interconnectedness of humans across time and space.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 3rd Edition by Nancy Bonvillain
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Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peoples who are now minority groups in state societies but who were formerly independent and have occupied their territories for a long time are called
A) primitive societies
B) Indian societies
C) colonial societies
D) indigenous societies
Answer: D
Q2) The story "The Girl Who Took Care of the Turkeys" is similar to the __________ story.
A) Hansel and Gretel
B) Puss in Boots
C) Cinderella
D) Wizard of Oz
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Tiv are farmers who live in __________.
A) Malaysia
B) South Africa
C) Nigeria
D) Brazil
Answer: C
Q2) The change in violence and sexual activity in American film content since the 1960s is an example of __________.
A) intentional culture change
B) unintentional culture change
C) external culture change
D) diffusion
Answer: B
Q3) In the twentieth century the increase in women's employment has led to __________.
A) women receiving the right to vote
B) increasingly flexible roles for men in society
C) full equality for women with men
D) the surprising reinforcement of traditional gender roles
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Studying Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early anthropologists such as Edward Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan developed
A) highly systematic fieldwork techniques
B) critical approaches to evolutionary theory
C) comparative evolutionary approaches for studying cultures
D) non-theoretical, descriptive schools of anthropology
Answer: C
Q2) A common focus in ethnohistories is __________.
A) migration patterns
B) the impact of colonialism
C) indigenous economies
D) mythology
Answer: B
Q3) Cultural life histories are __________.
A) historical records on important people in an area
B) long-term research programs that track a culture over many years
C) biographies of individuals within a particular culture
D) voices of people from all the different segments and groups that make up a society
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Language and Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) A good summary of Sapir and Whorf's conclusion about the relationship between language and thought is __________.
A) culture and society shape language
B) language determines thought and culture
C) language serves as a set of guideposts for human thought but does not constrain people's ability to think
D) language shapes the wiring of the brain
Q2) The Bridge program advocated by the Oakland School Board is __________ according to research in other public school systems where it has been tested.
A) successful
B) unsuccessful
C) outdated
D) overly expensive
Q3) When people elevate a particular dialect over another, they convey __________.
A) a message of authority
B) a message of superiority
C) a message of confidence
D) a message of capitalism
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6
Chapter 5: Learning Ones Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Traditional Chinese and Taiwanese __________ names tend to carry positive meanings while __________ names carry negative meanings.
A) female, male
B) personal, surnames
C) male, female
D) surnames, personal
Q2) __________ are rituals that mark a person's transition from childhood to adulthood.
A) Rites of intensification
B) Graduations
C) Rites of inversion
D) Initiation rites
Q3) __________ is an important aspect of socialization for Japanese children.
A) Windungu
B) Learning to be independent
C) Politeness and attentiveness to others
D) Learning to put oneself first
Q4) Explain the pre-Spanish conquest Aztec system of education.
Q5) How is gender identity structured in the Western world? Give a few examples.
Page 7
Q6) What is an initiation rite and what does it serve? Give an example.
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Chapter 6: Making a Living
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Q1) What is a leveling mechanism? What is its purpose? Give two examples of leveling mechanisms from foraging societies and one from pastoral societies.
Q2) In the United States, less than __________ of the population works in agriculture.
A) 12%
B) 3%
C) 20%
D) 1%
Q3) Which of the following is a small-scale form of farming using simple technology?
A) pastoralism
B) horticulture
C) agriculture
D) foraging
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a primary system of interest to economic anthropologists?
A) the way that groups organize their labor
B) the way tasks are allocated to different people in the community
C) the way that all humans require food to survive
D) the way that goods are distributed within the community and between communities
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Economic Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The origins of industrial production originated in __________ in Great Britain.
A) water mills
B) glass production
C) sugar production
D) cottage piecework
Q2) The culture of consumption has grown __________.
A) among all economic classes in all parts of the world
B) among the developing nations
C) only in India
D) only in Brazil
Q3) Which subsistence farming technique has been used for centuries to clear fields for planting and to control invasive species?
A) plowing
B) setting fire
C) spraying with pesticides
D) utilizing goats
Q4) List and explain the general features that characterize industrial agriculture.
Q5) What are the three basic components of capitalist production? Explain why each is necessary for capitalism to function.
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Chapter 8: Kinship and Descent
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Sample Questions
Q1) A marriage principle in which people marry members of their own group.
A) endogamy
B) exogamy
C) kinship system
D) inheritance rules
Q2) What is bilateral kinship? What advantages does it offer to foraging societies? Industrialized societies?
Q3) __________ are groups of linked clans that are usually exogamous.
A) Phratries
B) Clans
C) Totemic lineages
D) Moieties
Q4) Explain how unilineal descent systems act in a corporate manner for the benefit of members. Provide examples.
Q5) Using examples to make your points, explain this statement: Kinship is primarily a social and symbolic system.
Q6) Using Aboriginal Australians as an example, explain totems in kinship systems.
Q7) Explain what is meant by fictive kinship. Why might it be used? Are there any examples of fictive kinship in your family?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Marriage and the Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Castes are not __________ normally.
A) endogamous
B) polygamous
C) exogamous
D) clans
Q2) __________ residence is when a married couple lives with or near the husband's mother's brother.
A) Patrilocal
B) Matrilocal
C) Neolocal
D) Avunculocal
Q3) In extremely patriarchal societies, __________ may be grounds for divorce.
A) a wife's desire for a divorce
B) a wife not producing a son
C) mutual agreement for divorce
D) a wife's family's request for their daughter's return
Q4) Describe several economic deterrents to divorce.
Q5) What are the advantages of nuclear families? Who receives these advantages? What are the risks of nuclear families? Who is most likely to suffer from the risks?
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Chapter 10: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trace the changes that have taken place regarding women as members of the workforce in the United States from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present.
Q2) In Yanomamo society only men may be __________, the only sources for accruing status.
A) warriors and plantation owners
B) warriors and traders
C) warriors and craftsmen
D) warriors and shaman
Q3) __________ teachings view homosexual behavior as contrary to natural law.
A) Christian, Judaic, and Islamic
B) Hindu and Christian
C) Hindu and Buddhist
D) Judaic and Buddhist
Q4) In traditional Chinese society __________ was practiced on all but the poorest women.
A) female circumcision
B) foot binding
C) arranged marriage
D) child marriage
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Chapter 11: Equality and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ sometimes work as cooks because any caste may eat food that has been touched by them.
A) Shudras
B) Brahmins
C) Kshatriyas
D) Untouchables
Q2) Which of the following societies would you most expect to be egalitarian?
A) the Maasai, a pastoralist society in East Africa
B) the Igbo, a horticulturalist society in West Africa
C) the Mbuti, a foraging society in Central Africa
D) industrialized societies in large cities such as Lagos or Nairobi
Q3) Ranked societies __________.
A) tend to have rankings that are highly stable over time
B) tend to be very dynamic with ranks rising and falling over time
C) are very similar to caste systems
D) are represented by such nations as Norway and Japan
Q4) Define upward and downward mobility. Using the recent US economic downturn as an example, explain how downward mobility intersects with issues of class and race.
Q5) Compare and contrast caste and class as forms of social stratification.
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Chapter 12: Political Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Black Mouth age set served as a __________ in Hidatsa society.
A) priestly order
B) craft guild
C) police force
D) leadership council
Q2) Tribal societies tend to differ from band societies in which of the following ways?
A) Tribal leaders have considerable coercive power over members.
B) There are more formalized organizational procedures.
C) Tribal societies are not egalitarian.
D) Tribal chiefs are successful due to an over centralization of power.
Q3) Which of the following statements accurately describes Tiwi society?
A) Women accumulate prestige as they age and accumulate large families.
B) Women accumulate prestige only if they are skilled healers.
C) Men avoid attempts to accumulate prestige in order to avoid conflict.
D) Men use wealth strategically to accumulate prestige.
Q4) Societies have gone through many social and political transitions in human history. What kinds of social changes do you think that globalization will lead to in the future? How will this affect our current concept of societal "types," including bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states?
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Chapter 13: Conflict and Conflict Resolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the role of reciprocity in conflict avoidance? Use the Toraja culture as an example.
Q2) Among the Eastern Pomos, taking resources from someone else's land was NOT considered theft as long as which of the following was true?
A) permission was granted
B) it was not observed by an outsider
C) they were not plant resources
D) distant kin were the offenders
Q3) Aggression against others based on the principle of revenge.
A) vengeance
B) conflict avoidance
C) blood feud
D) dominance hierarchies
Q4) How do gender status, household composition, and kinship patterns influence patterns of interfamily violence cross-culturally?
Q5) Explain the role of conflict and the avoidance of conflict in dominance hierarchies among primates.
Q6) What role do legal anthropologists play in conflict management in cultures around the world? Give examples.
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Chapter 14: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Full-time religious specialists are called __________.
A) monks
B) priests
C) shamans
D) mediums
Q2) An example of benign imitative magic is __________.
A) spirit possession
B) witchcraft
C) couvade
D) spirit healing
Q3) Siddhartha Gautama, Jesus, and Muhammad are all __________.
A) revitalizationists
B) nativistic
C) prophets
D) fundamentalists
Q4) Which of the following societies considers ancestral spirits to bring rain?
A) Japanese
B) Hopi
C) Dani
D) Ju/'hoansi
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Arts
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Q1) Oral literature includes __________.
A) the stories people tell about their lives
B) stories about the sacred past
C) secular histories
D) anything spoken within a group can be used
Q2) Although a national market for Navajo goods brought some prosperity, the Navajo also became __________.
A) uninterested in maintaining their ethnic identity
B) more interested in producing non-Navajo art
C) unable to afford materials for artistic goods as prices increased
D) vulnerable to market fluctuations in prices
Q3) In the Trobriand Islands of Melanesia, __________ is accompanied by intense singing by men.
A) eating
B) working
C) mourning
D) marriage
Q4) What are the commonalities and differences between oral and written literature?
Q5) What are the four aesthetic paradigms in western art? How do they differ in their approaches to artistic representation?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Colonialism and Cultural Transformations
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Q1) The European colonial slave trade was based upon __________, which made it initially possible.
A) pre-existing plantation based economies if West Africa
B) the slave-based Kingdom of Benin
C) pre-existing indigenous forms of slavery in West Africa
D) a market for slave labor in Europe
Q2) The three main types of colonies are __________.
A) maritime enclaves, settlement colonies, and refueling stations
B) missions, settlement colonies, and forts
C) exploitation colonies, maritime enclaves, and settlement colonies
D) imperial conquests, settlement colonies, and maritime enclaves
Q3) The longest lasting state in the world is __________.
A) China
B) Thailand
C) Iceland
D) Zimbabwe
Q4) Some argue that the media is destroying the traditions of non-Western peoples around the world. Compare the global media to colonialism. Do you agree that the media is responsible for this erosion of local traditions?
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Chapter 17: Living in a Global World
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Mexico maquiladoras__________.
A) use workers who receive little or no job security and low wages
B) produce components to be exported and assembled in other countries
C) pay high local taxes
D) encourage workers' unions
Q2) In 2006 the nation which produced the largest number of refugees was __________.
A) Angola
B) Iraq
C) Burundi
D) Afghanistan
Q3) Temperatures are increasing in __________ at faster rates than elsewhere on the planet.
A) the Arctic
B) forest regions
C) coastal areas
D) desert or semi-desert lands
Q4) What are the promises and dangers to indigenous peoples of ecotourism?
Q5) Explain the role of British colonial rule in creating the current mix of ethnic identities in Sudan.
Q6) What are the reasons for continuing increases of rural to urban migration?
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