Introduction to Anthropology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology provides students with a broad overview of the study of humanity, exploring the biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological branches of the discipline. The course examines key concepts such as human evolution, cultural diversity, social organization, language, belief systems, and the methods anthropologists use to understand societies past and present. Through case studies and comparative analysis, students gain insights into how humans adapt to different environments, develop complex social structures, and produce meaning within their communities. This foundational course encourages critical thinking about what it means to be human and how global perspectives impact our understanding of society.
Recommended Textbook
Physical Anthropology 11th Edition by Philip L Stein
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Chapter 1: Investigating the Nature of Humankind
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112 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of natural selection was developed by Charles Darwin and,at about the same time,by another biologist:
A)Thomas Malthus
B)Charles Lyell
C)Alfred R.Wallace
D)Carolus Linnaeus
Answer: C
Q2) Comte de Buffon
A)classification
B)4004 B.C.age for earth
C)correct position for earth in solar system
D)anticipated Darwin's ideas
Answer: D
Q3) Darwin laid out his ideas on evolution by natural selection in the book:
A)The Antiquity of Man
B)The Principles of Populations
C)On the Origin of Species
D)The Principles of Geology
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Study of Heredity
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Sample Questions
Q1) True-breeding means:
A)hybrid
B)bred only with the same kind and shows the same trait or traits over many generations
C)only the dominant characteristics will express themselves
D)only the recessive traits will express themselves
Answer: B
Q2) The genetic material is classified chemically as a:
A)nucleic acid
B)protein
C)carbohydrate
D)lipid
Answer: A
Q3) A zygote is:
A)a fertilized ovum
B)an unfertilized ovum
C)a chromosomal pair
D)none of the above
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Modern Study of Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hemophilia is due to the presence of an allele on:
A)the X chromosome
B)the Y chromosome
C)an autosome
D)none of the above
Answer: A
Q2) Down syndrome
A)Individual has only a single X and no Y chromosomes.
B)Individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21.
C)Individual has two X and one Y chromosome.
Answer: B
Q3) Nondisjunction:
A)occurs rarely,in 1 out of every 100,000 live births
B)always results in nondevelopment of the zygote
C)only occurs in sex chromosomes
D)none of the above
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Population Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the frequency of a recessive allele is 0.7,it follows that the frequency of the dominant allele would be:
A)0.30
B)0.40
C)0.60
D)0.90
Q2) sampling error
A)mutation
B)consanguineous mating
C)genetic drift
D)natural selection
Q3) The largest natural reproductive population is the:
A)deme
B)species
C)subspecies
D)genus
Q4) Those more likely to be responsible for gene flow are:
A)women
B)men
C)both sexes equally
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Chapter 5: Natural Selection and the Origin of Species
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Sample Questions
Q1) A female's reproductive success is limited most by ____________;a male's reproductive success is most limited by ____________.
A)access to males;access to females
B)access to resources;access to females
C)access to males;access to resources
D)access to resources;access to resources
Q2) Hemoglobin S conveys a selective advantage to:
A)tuberculosis
B)malaria
C)smallpox
D)yaws
Q3) An example of a selective agent in humans would be:
A)smallpox
B)an earthquake
C)a flood
D)all of the above
Q4) How does natural selection act upon a population to change gene frequencies?
Q5) Explain the differences between natural selection,sexual selection,and kin selection.
Q6) Give some examples of how natural selection has operated on human populations.
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Chapter 6: Peoples Place in Nature
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Sample Questions
Q1) The taxa between class and family is:
A)species
B)genus
C)order
D)phylum
Q2) Features that first appeared in the distant past and are shared by a large number of populations are called:
A)autapomorphic features
B)shared (synapomorphic)derived features
C)shared (symplesiomorphiC)ancestral features
D)archetypes
Q3) shared ancestral features
A)feature that first appeared in the distant past and occurs in a large number of descendant populations
B)feature that appeared recently and is shared by a relatively small group of closely related taxa
C)feature unique to a taxa
Q4) Make a chart comparing and contrasting the most significant features of mammals and reptiles.
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Chapter 7: The Living Primates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prepare an outline of primate taxonomy.Briefly describe the characteristics of each taxon.
Q2) The catarrhine nose is characteristic of:
A)humans
B)Old World monkeys
C)apes
D)all of the above
Q3) The only European monkey is a:
A)baboon
B)macaque
C)langur
D)guenon
Q4) A bony eye socket develops when the eye is separated from the muscles behind it by a(n):
A)postorbital bar
B)preorbital plate
C)postorbital septum
D)orbital wall
Q5) Why are humans classified as primates?
Q6) How are humans classified in relation to the great apes?
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Chapter 8: Comparative Studies: Anatomy and Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cranial capacities of the great apes generally fall between:
A)100-300 cubic centimeters
B)400-500 cubic centimeters
C)850-950 cubic centimeters
D)1000-1250 cubic centimeters
Q2) thick tooth enamel
A)monkey
B)ape
C)human
Q3) Trace the evolutionary development of the human brain from the early preprimate stage.
Q4) The human intermembral index is closest to:
A)50
B)70
C)90
D)110
Q5) Most comparative anatomical studies indicate strong evolutionary ties between the great apes and humans.Summarize the data that demonstrate this link.
Q6) What are phylogenetic trees? What data are used in their construction?
Q7) How do the teeth of modern humans differ from those of modern apes?
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Chapter 9: Onhuman Primate Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Like most lemurs,the dwarf lemur marks its territory with:
A)urine
B)feces
C)secretions from specialized glands
D)all of the above
Q2) tamarins
A)monogamous family group
B)one-male group
C)multimale troop
D)fusion-fission society
E)polyandrous
Q3) Describe the contribution of Jane Goodall to our understanding of primate behavior.
Q4) Often,several harems will share a home range and are called a:
A)troop
B)band
C)multiharem group
D)cohort
Q5) In what situations do primatologists study primate behavior? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each type of study?
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Chapter 10: Human Behavior in Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) Foraging bands are like baboon troops in that:
A)young females leave the band of their birth and move into a different band
B)young males leave the band of their birth and move into a different band
C)young males and females tend to remain in the band of their birth throughout their lives
Q2) How intelligent are nonhuman primates? What factors may be related to the evolution of intelligence in primates?
Q3) Sharing is:
A)not a typical human behavior
B)an important aspect of human social behavior
C)more commonly formed as a part of monkey social behavior than as a part of human social behavior
D)not found in any species except Homo sapiens
Q4) Kanzi
A)gorilla that uses sign language
B)chimpanzee that uses sign language
C)bonobo that uses a keyboard to communicate
Q5) Describe the structure of a human band.How does the human band differ from the baboon troop?
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Q6) In what ways do nonhuman primates display what might be called intelligence?
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Chapter 11: The Record of the Past
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Sample Questions
Q1) cast
A)remains or traces of an ancient organism
B)a cavity left in firm sediments by the body of an organism
C)the material remains of human behavior
D)a cavity left by a dead organism that is filled with some substance,reflecting the shape of the organism
Q2) The investigation of injuries and disease in prehistoric populations is the field of:
A)paleopathology
B)paleoecology
C)palynology
D)paleontology
Q3) Pangaea refers to:
A)an ancient land mass made up of all major land masses of today
B)the name of the most recent glacial period
C)a partially fluid layer of the earth directly below the lithosphere
D)a Cretaceous dinosaur
Q4) radiocarbon dating
A)chronometric dating technique
B)relative dating technique
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Chapter 12: The Early Primate Fossil Record and the Origins
of the Hominins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Aegyptopithecus.Why is this species important to our understanding of anthropoid evolution?
Q2) Those who suggest that Sahelanthropus is a hominin point to the following feature:
A)cranial capacity within the fossil Homo range
B)well-developed opposable thumb associated with early stone tools
C)features of pelvis and femur suggest it was an erect biped
D)none of the above
Q3) One of the most common mammals in the Fayum beds,Apidium,belongs to the family:
A)Parapithecidae
B)Propliopithecidae
C)Aegyptopithecidae
D)none of the above
Q4) The two distinct groups of primates that appear at the beginning of the Eocone are the:
A)Adapidae and Omomyidae
B)Omomyidae and Plesiadapiformes
C)Plesiadapiformes and Tarsiidae
D)Tarsiidae and Lemuridae
Page 14
Q5) Describe the habitats present at the Fayum during the Early Oligocene.
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Chapter 13: The Early Hominins
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Sample Questions
Q1) The postcranial bones of A.afarensis suggest:
A)a transition to erect bipedalism
B)knuckle-walking
C)a lack of arboreal locomotion
D)all of the above
Q2) Richard Leakey
A)Hadar
B)Lake Turkana
C)Olduvai Gorge
D)Taung
Q3) The hominin sites of Olduvai Gorge are located at what were once:
A)tropical forests
B)savanna grasslands
C)lake margins or stream beds
D)swamp lands
Q4) What anatomical characteristics of Australopithecus place them in the tribe Hominini as opposed to the Panini?
Q5) How many species of Australopithecus were there? Do all paleoanthropologists agree on this number? Explain.
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Q6) What ideas exist on the use of tools by Paranthropus? What evidence is there?
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Chapter 14: Early Species of the Genus Homo
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Sample Questions
Q1) Having a low,relatively flat forehead is referred to as being:
A)platycephalic
B)prognathic
C)prolific
D)none of the above
Q2) The basicranium of the Neandertals was:
A)straighter than that of H.sapiens but more bent than that of H.erectus
B)more bent than that of any other hominin
C)straighter than that of either H.erectus or H.sapiens
D)more bent that that of H.sapiens but straighter than that of H.erectus
Q3) It was likely that early hominins of the Lower Paleolithic were:
A)skilled hunters of large game
B)strict vegetarians
C)hunted large game,but only in groups disturbed by natural processes
D)were mostly scavengers when it came to acquiring meat.
Q4) Neandertals were on the average ____________ than modern people.
A)taller and more muscular
B)much more lightly built
C)shorter and more muscular
D)probably weaker
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Chapter 15: The Evolution of Homo Sapiens
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early Homo sapiens found near Herto in Ethiopia are characterized by:
A)a cranial capacity of only about 900 cubic centimeters
B)less prominent brow ridges than pre-Homo sapiens
C)prominent brow ridges
D)a forehead similar to pre-Homo sapiens
Q2) Current evidence indicates that the replacement model
A)might be a better fit to the data than the regional continuity model
B)that there was some interbreeding between modern Homo sapiens as they moved out of Africa into other areas and pre-modern Homo sapiens.
C)that the replacement of pre-Homo sapiens populations was incomplete
D)All of the above
Q3) The site at Skh l dates to about:
A)more than 200,000 years ago
B)134.000-80,000 years ago
C)between 500,000 and 800,000 years ago
D)less than 30,000 years ago
Q4) What are the different views on the relationship of the Neandertals to modern Homo sapiens?
Q5) What major cultural innovations occurred after the evolution of Homo sapiens?
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Q6) What significant cultural developments are associated with the Neolithic?
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Chapter 16: The Biology of Modern Homo Sapiens
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gloger's rule
A)Within the same species of mammals,there is a tendency to find more heavily pigmented forms near the equator and lighter forms away from the equator
B)Among mammals,populations of the same species living near the equator tend to have body parts that protrude more and to have longer limbs than those farther away from the equator.
C)Within the same species of mammals,populations with less bulk are found nearer the equator while those with greater bulk are found farther from the equator.
Q2) Environmental stress encountered at high altitude includes:
A)low oxygen partial pressure
B)cold temperature
C)high level of solar radiation
D)all of the above
Q3) Problems often encountered at high altitude include:
A)low birth weights
B)late maturity
C)infant mortality
D)all of the above
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18
Chapter 17: The Analysis of Human Variation
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Q1) Some researchers believe that the concept of race as applied to humans is more of a social concept than a biological one.Explain this point of view.
Q2) Jared Diamond's explanation for the development of colonial empires in Eurasia and not in Africa or South America is based on:
A)the more extensive development of agriculture in Europe
B)the greater availability of domesticatable plants and animals in Europe
C)the East-West orientation of the European continent
D)all of the above
Q3) A clinal distribution is also called:
A)discontinuous variation
B)continuous variation
C)ontological distribution
D)gradual distribution
Q4) Robert Sternberg believes that intelligence is exercised in which area?
A)contextual intelligence
B)internal intelligence
C)experiential intelligence
D)all of the above
Q5) Describe the various attempts to scientifically describe human variation.
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Chapter 18: The Modern World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infectious diseases transmitted from other animals to humans:
A)are referred to as paleopathogens
B)are referred to as zymotics
C)are referred to as zoonoses
D)do not exist;humans cannot catch animal diseases
Q2) approximately 9 billion
A)Approximate world population one million years ago
B)World population in 2013
C)World population towards the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
D)World population when domestication of staple food plants and animals began
E)Estimated world population in 2050
Q3) approximately 728,000
A)Approximate world population one million years ago
B)World population in 2013
C)World population towards the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
D)World population when domestication of staple food plants and animals began
E)Estimated world population in 2050
Q4) In what ways will genetic engineering and cyborgenenics affect people in the future?
Q5) How has the shift to a more urban way of life affected human populations?
Page 20
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