Introduction to Anthropology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology explores the diverse ways humans have adapted to and shaped their environments throughout history and across cultures. This course provides a broad overview of the main fields of anthropology cultural, biological, archaeological, and linguistic examining topics such as human evolution, cultural diversity, kinship, belief systems, language, and social organization. Through comparative analysis, case studies, and hands-on activities, students gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of human societies and the methods anthropologists use to study them, fostering critical thinking about issues such as race, gender, globalization, and cultural change.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 11th Edition by
Serena Nanda
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15 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology and Human Diversity
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Q1) Cultural relativism is the perceptual bias that prevents us from seeing the logic in other cultures.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) All humans live in cultures.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Race is an important social fact but the big differences among human beings are the result of culture.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) Medical anthropologists work in other cultures but are rarely focused on healthcare in the United States.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Doing Cultural Anthropology
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Q1) The Human Relations Area Files (HRAF)is:
A)A database that provides cross-cultural data on a limited number of societies.
B)A database on all cultures involved in global warfare.
C)An institution that specializes in anthropological fieldwork.
D)A group of anthropologists that works in more than a single culture.
E)A database that provides cross-cultural data on all complex societies.
Answer: A
Q2) What is an "IRB"?
Answer: It is the Institutional Review Board,which is a committee organized by a university or other research institution to approve,monitor,and review all research involving human subjects.
Q3) Today,virtually all anthropologists rely on Boas' basic and fundamental insights into the discipline.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) What do anthropologists use as the basis for cross-cultural comparisons?
Answer: They use ethnographies.
Q5) Boas' style of fieldwork was known as __________ __________.
Answer: Participant observation.
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Idea of Culture
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Q1) What are the six characteristics of culture?
Answer: They are that all cultures are made of learned behaviors,involve symbols,are patterned and integrated,are shared by members of the group,are in some way adaptive,and subject to change.
Q2) Norms are best described as:
A)Symbolic meanings about values and beliefs.
B)Values held only by older members of a society.
C)Ideas people in a society share about the way things ought to be done.
D)Behaviors present in large hierarchical societies but absent in small egalitarian societies.
E)The same as laws in most societies.
Answer: C
Q3) Structural anthropology is largely concerned with:
A)The ways in which people build houses and public buildings.
B)The ways that biology and culture interact.
C)The ways in which different parts of a single culture affect each other.
D)The ways in which members of different cultures classify and understand their environments.
E)Underlying patterns of thought common to all humanity.
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Communication
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Q1) Linguists view African American Vernacular English (AAVE)as:
A)Inferior to Standard Spoken American English (SSAE).
B)Neither superior nor inferior to SSAE.
C)More complicated but less abstract than SSAE.
D)Simpler than SSAE but more abstract.
E)Linguists do not recognize the existence of AAVE.
Q2) Which of the following best characterizes the cross-cultural meaning of smiling?
A)A smile always means that people are happy.
B)Smiling is a reasonably good indicator of happiness or nonviolent intent.
C)In most cultures,people smile just before they kill.
D)The meaning of a smile varies from culture to culture.
E)Americans are virtually unique in equating smiling with happiness.
Q3) There is one language spoken by the majority of the world's people.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All the sounds used in the different languages of the world can be represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is chronemics?
Page 6
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Chapter 6: Economics
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Q1) A capital good is anything that is used to make something else.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One critical economic difference between a firm and a household is:
A)Firms look for profit in their cash transactions,households rarely do.
B)Firms have no obligations to the communities in which they are found;households have many.
C)Firms may grow with relative ease,but the structure of households limits their growth.
D)Firms may expand their size through hiring new members but the membership of a household is fixed.
E)Firms usually behave in a manner that is economically rational,households rarely do.
Q3) All economic behavior can be explained by financial profit and gain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What do anthropologists mean by economizing behavior? Is this always linked to financial gain?
Q5) Under what conditions do we expect an increasingly specialized and complex division of labor?
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Chapter 7: Kinship
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Q1) Relatives by marriage are called consanguineal kin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In most human societies,inheritance and succession take place as part of the kin group.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are more terms for kin in American society than in North Indian society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A group of kin who trace descent from a known common ancestor is called a
Q5) The great variety of systems of kinship indicates to us that kinship is not based simply on biological relations.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Matrilineage refers to a lineage formed by descent in the male line. A)True
B)False
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Q7) Which three kinship systems are found most commonly within unilineal societies?
Chapter 9: Gender
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Q1) Research on female initiation rites in New Guinea suggests that the principal idea expressed in such rites is:
A)The duty of women to serve their husbands.
B)The secret ritual dominance of women over men in these societies.
C)The fact that even though they marry,their primary obligations are to their own families,not their husbands'.
D)The principle of patrilineality.
E)The complementarity of male and female.
Q2) How is sexual behavior also a cross-cultural value?
Q3) The solidarity of women in horticultural societies is mainly based on their participation in religious cults and associations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How is gender affected by subsistence? Choose two different subsistence strategies and explain how gender roles shift as a result of these changing means of production.
Q5) What is meant by the concept of "gender hierarchy"?
Q6) In most societies,how did European colonialism impact alternative genders?
Q7) In what types of societies do we frequently find sex/gender alternatives?
Page 11
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Chapter 11: Stratification
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Q1) How has globalization affected the India caste system?
Q2) In India,lower castes:
A)Receive more benefits than do higher castes from the caste system.
B)Have been disadvantaged by the Indian constitution.
C)Are beginning to make collective efforts to improve their position as a group.
D)Mainly change their ranking as individuals move out of the caste and into higher caste.
E)May have lower prestige than higher castes but tend to have more wealth.
Q3) The overwhelming majority of Americans define themselves as:
A)Elite.
B)The working class.
C)Poor.
D)Middle class.
E)Classless.
Q4) Compare and contrast a functionalist and conflict approaches to the understanding of stratification.
Q5) Race is a term that is always linked to classifying people according to physical differences.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Religion
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Q1) About 10 percent of the U.S.population belongs to non-Judeo-Christian religions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What do we call a cleric whose authority is based on his or her ability to achieve direct contact with the supernatural?
Q3) Describe the three stages of a rite of passage.
Q4) In all religions,most fundamentalist belief calls for society to return to an earlier time that believers understand as more holy than the current era.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe three characteristics of fundamentalism.
Q6) A sorcerer who manipulates the fingernails of an intended victim to cause harm to that person is using:
A)Mythological magic.
B)Contagious magic.
C)Ecological magic.
D)Psychological reductionism.
E)Superstitious magic.
Q7) Define divination.
Page 14
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Chapter 14: Power, conquest, and a World System
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Q1) Anthropologists always side with the culture seeking repatriation of historical objects. A)True
B)False
Q2) Europeans could not have created colonies without the help of anthropologists. A)True
B)False
Q3) The earliest writing probably appeared 5,500 years ago.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Disease was a major factor in the colonization of the Americas.Consider what might have happened had this one impact not occurred.Discuss two possible scenarios of how colonialism would have been different in the Americas without the aid of European diseases.
Q5) The main reason for rapid European success in the Americas was disease. A)True B)False
Q6) Define pillage and give one example.
Q7) What were the primary European goals of native education in the colonies?
Q8) What are the primary advantages of a joint stock company?
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Chapter 15: Culture, change, and the Modern World
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Q1) During the Cold War of 1945-1989:
A)The economic problems of people in poor nations were largely ignored.
B)Peace was maintained almost everywhere in the world by the balance of power between the United States and the Soviets.
C)People in the world's poor nations fought proxy wars with money and weapons supplied by the United States and the Soviet Union.
D)People in the poor nations were largely free to construct their own economic and political systems in response to local tradition and condition.
E)The Soviet Union and the United States focused almost all their attention on Asia and only rarely intervened in African nations.
Q2) Some anthropologists are critical of development because they do not believe that people should buy into the practices of governments and other agencies behind development programs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Do sweatshops operate currently in the U.S.? Explain your answer.
Q4) What role does the Grameen Bank play in development projects?
Q5) What is the World Bank?
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