Introduction to Anthropology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology explores the study of humanity from a holistic perspective, examining the biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological dimensions that shape human experience. Students will investigate the origins and evolution of our species, cultural diversity, social organization, and the ways in which humans adapt to their environments. This course introduces key anthropological concepts, theories, and methods, offering insights into the similarities and differences that define human societies across time and space. Through case studies and comparative analysis, students will develop critical thinking skills necessary to understand complex global issues related to culture, identity, and human behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology A Toolkit for a Global Age 2nd Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
17 Chapters
1134 Verified Questions
1134 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1215 Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24023
Sample Questions
Q1) What is one possible consequence of oil spills and other forms of mass water pollution?
A) It will kill off edible sea life completely by 2048.
B) New mutant varieties of sea life will evolve.
C) Killer whales will alter their migration routes to avoid garbage.
D) It will kill off all fish in the Gulf of Mexico by 2030.
Answer: A
Q2) The British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010 poured 210 million gallons of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico over the course of two months. What is the British Petroleum oil spill characteristic of?
A) ethnocentrism
B) time-space compression
C) today's global age and the impacts of increasing globalization
D) the changing meaning of natural resources
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: Culture
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24024
Sample Questions
Q1) What do anthropologists call the uneven distribution of resources and privileges, often along lines of gender, racial or ethnic group, class, age, family, religion, sexuality, or legal status?
A) racism
B) stratification
C) coercion
D) hegemony
Answer: B
Q2) Evolutionary psychologists argue that how we think and behave is hardwired in our DNA. This has led to ideas about differences in men and women as fundamental-men as hunters, women as gatherers. What is the central argument that anthropologists have used to critique this idea?
A) The importance of genetic inheritance is significantly overstated.
B) There is no material evidence to support the DNA concept.
C) Too many examples of gender role reversal exist.
D) The existence of more than two genders contradicts their argument.
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24025
Sample Questions
Q1) Franz Boas is credited with developing the concept of cultural relativism. What specific perspective made cultural relativism radical at that time?
A) taking each culture as a variation of unilineal evolution
B) applying an ethnocentric perspective to studying different cultures
C) understanding each culture on its own unique merits
D) viewing cultures exclusively through comparative ethnology
Answer: C
Q2) Two different anthropologists write about the same people. The first makes detailed field notes and conducts surveys. The second does not conduct surveys, but talks to many people in the field and takes good notes. When they publish their results, the first anthropologist's book has every single detail of the research, and the second anthropologist's book has many of the raw interviews as part of the text. We might consider the second book to be polyvocal because:
A) it includes many voices from the people interviewed.
B) the voices of the informants are used to describe the ethnographer's personal perspective.
C) there is no actual survey data in the book.
D) it uses selective accounts of the informants to tell the whole story.
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24026
Sample Questions
Q1) Many places in Madurai, India, have access to the Internet, but Internet cafes often have slow connections and must deal with regular power outages. What does this say about the digital divide?
A) Access to technology is stratified across gender.
B) Younger people are more likely to access digital communication technologies.
C) Quality of connectivity limits quality of access.
D) More even distribution of computers and phones will bridge the divide.
Q2) Deborah Tannen's research into the ways that boys and girls speak suggests that:
A) they are using a form of cross-cultural communication.
B) language differences are primarily based on biology, not processes of socialization.
C) they have nearly identical communication strategies.
D) the best way to understand gender and language is through the "dominance" model.
Q3) Don Kulick's study of the use of the word no in sexual relations examines:
A) how the meaning of the word "no" has shifted over time.
B) legal determinations of consent in U.S. rape cases.
C) similarities in how consent is constructed across cultures.
D) how meaning may depend on the gender of the speaker and the listener.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 6
Chapter 5: Human Origins
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24027
Sample Questions
Q1) Until the mid-1800s, most peppered moths in Great Britain were white, while a few were dark. Why did these groups switch during the Industrial Revolution, when most of the peppered moth population evolved to have the darker coloration?
A) Pollutants covered the moths and made them appear darker.
B) Some moths were able to turn black and pass the color to their offspring.
C) The pollution created mutagens that caused a widespread mutation for darker coloration.
D) Dark moths were selected because their color was an advantage in the new environment.
Q2) Why are dark-skinned people found in equatorial regions?
A) Dark skin protects against heat.
B) Those populations are the oldest evolved groups.
C) Dark skin is a genetic adaptation to ultraviolet radiation.
D) Dark skin confers resistance to malaria.
Q3) Discuss the case of the peppered moth in England. Why did this species change its outward appearance in a short period of time? What does this suggest about evolution?
Q4) Discuss the reasons why the appearance of Homo erectus signaled a major change in the evolution of humans.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Race and Racism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24028
Sample Questions
Q1) Three hundred years of forced transport of millions of Africans to North and South America resulted in ________.
A) fascism
B) slavery
C) a new race
D) white supremacy
Q2) What do we call laws in the United States that allowed such things as "white only" swimming pools, restaurants, schools, beaches, and the like, similar to apartheid in South Africa?
A) civil rights laws
B) Jim Crow
C) white supremacy
D) hypodescent
Q3) What do societies do in order to make discriminatory ideas and behavior seem reasonable and normal?
A) rely on racial ideology
B) silently use racialization
C) enact legal support for nativism
D) publicly deny the existence of racial differences
Q4) To what extent is Brazil a racial democracy?
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Ethnicity and Nationalism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24029
Sample Questions
Q1) Babylon, Mesopotamia, and the "cradle of civilization" are all terms of historical importance we implicitly link to the nation of Iraq. Although this creates the sense that Iraq is an ancient nation-state, Iraq: A) never existed at all.
B) has only existed since World War I. C) has only existed for 200 years.
D) has existed for at least 2,000 years.
Q2) Explain what is meant when we say that a nation is an imagined community, and give an example.
Q3) Identify three things that are used as ethnic boundary markers, and explain in what cultures they are used and how.
Q4) What do we call the process through which new immigrants and their children enculturate into the dominant national culture, but retain a distinct ethnic culture of their own?
A) assimilation
B) biculturalism
C) multiculturalism
D) naturalization
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
9
Chapter 8: Gender
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24030
Sample Questions
Q1) In India, what are individuals who are identified as "neither man nor woman" called?
A) berdache
B) hijras
C) Two-Spirits
D) transgender
Q2) Who formed the group CO-MADRES during El Salvador's civil war (1977-1992)?
A) political activists protesting the rape of women
B) mothers and relatives demanding information about missing individuals
C) teachers who demanded a peaceful resolution to the war
D) nuns who worked for peace within the Catholic Church
Q3) For many women around the world, life is a seemingly unending process of childbirth, child rearing, and hard domestic labor, while men often enjoy free time and more opportunities to socialize. What is this a result of?
A) enforced gender stereotypes
B) normal gender roles
C) gender stratification
D) enforced performance
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: Sexuality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24031
Sample Questions
Q1) Using historical and cross-cultural examples provided in the text, evaluate the anthropological approach to sexuality. What do historical and cross-cultural cases of sexuality tell us about sexual norms? Did you learn anything in this chapter about sexuality that you had previously taken for granted? If so, what did you learn? If not, provide an example of something discussed in the chapter that you think someone might be surprised to learn.
Q2) The work of early sexologists such as Kinsey tended to reinforce the idea of heterosexuality. In spite of this, what was one of the surprising results that Kinsey and his research revealed about sexual behavior in the United States?
A) Most people who were having sex used condoms.
B) Fantasies and same-sex attraction were much more common than expected.
C) Married women cheated with a higher frequency than married men.
D) Most people did not consider marriage between a man and a woman desirable.
Q3) Under the rules of machismo, the machista is considered what kind of person?
A) a manly man
B) a cochon, or gay man
C) a type of sex worker
D) a weak man
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
11
Chapter 10: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24032
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the practice of formalizing and legalizing a marriage through the exchange of gifts between the bride's family and the groom's family?
A) gift exchange
B) bridewealth
C) reciprocity
D) dowry
Q2) In some cultures, including Chinese and Indian, there is a strong preference for male children. This preference has been most impacted by what particular development?
A) reproductive technologies
B) the "one child" policy
C) government monitoring policies
D) widespread access to online information
Q3) What do we call the process by which an individual whose marriage has ended due to divorce or death then remarries another individual?
A) bigamy
B) lineal polygamy
C) serial monogamy
D) serial monotony
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Class and Inequality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24033
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these usually results from the unequal distribution of a society's resources within a class system?
A) Surpluses move steadily downward into the hands of the poor.
B) Surpluses move steadily upward into the hands of the elite.
C) Resources are shared or redistributed through random lotteries.
D) The unequal distribution itself does not affect individuals' life chances.
Q2) Which of the following is a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society's resources?
A) class
B) ethnicity
C) sexuality
D) gender
Q3) Which of the following consists of wages earned from work, plus dividends and interest on investments along with rents and royalties?
A) investments
B) wealth
C) income
D) profits
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: The Global Economy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24034
Sample Questions
Q1) Henry Ford is known for the introduction of the assembly line and the Model T. As his manufacturing effort expanded, however, he also adopted an attitude that came to be known as Fordism. What was one of the central tenets in his system?
A) Workers should earn higher wages and work shorter hours, creating a new pool of consumers with the income and leisure to purchase a car.
B) Workers should earn lower wages and work shorter hours, since they were easily replaced on the assembly line.
C) Workers should be drawn from a pool of immigrant labor, which was cheaper and willing to tolerate the grueling work of an assembly line.
D) Workers could easily tolerate working on an assembly line, so they should be paid lower wages and work longer hours.
Q2) Why are anthropologists interested in the anticolonial and independence movements? When did the majority occur? Summarize reasons for this. Identify three strategies commonly used to gain independence and explain how external forces often contributed to the quest for independence.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Migration
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24035
Sample Questions
Q1) What term do anthropologists use to refer to the Nikkeijin, or Japanese who continue to travel back and forth between Japan and Brazil?
A) assimilated migrants
B) yo-yo migrants
C) see-saw migrants
D) internally displaced
Q2) What is one of the key characteristics of professional immigrants?
A) immigrants who move to a new country to attend college, start businesses, and conduct trade
B) university students who migrate from their home country in search of low-skill and low-wage jobs that native-born workers will not fill
C) university students who are trained in Western professions but do not have employment opportunities in their home country
D) immigrants who are invited to join existing professional organizations in another country
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Politics and Power
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24036
Sample Questions
Q1) What is considered a transitional form between the simpler political structures of tribes and the more complex political structures of states?
A) band
B) chiefdom
C) tribe
D) ethnic group
Q2) The debate continues over whether human beings are naturally peaceful or violent. Discuss the possible foundations of human violence and the evidence presented, and evaluate the author's conclusion.
Q3) Margaret Mead says people must first recognize militarism as a problem before attempting to change it. What else does she say is needed?
A) a belief that social invention is possible
B) participatory democracy
C) a redistributed budget
D) gender equality
Q4) Compare and contrast the concepts of the band, the tribe, and the chiefdom. What are the advantages of each?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Religion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24037
Sample Questions
Q1) In Japan, the second Monday of January is a national Coming of Age Day. Young people who have turned 20 years old in the past year wear traditional clothing, attend ceremonies in local government offices, and celebrate at parties afterwards. Coming of Age Day is an example of:
A) a pilgrimage.
B) imitative magic.
C) a religious practice.
D) a rite of passage.
Q2) In his research in Niger, West Africa, anthropologist Paul Stoller apprenticed with a local sorcerer as a means of exploring the role of religion in community life there. During his apprenticeship, Stoller's work came to an abrupt end and he fled back home to the United States. What did his research and experience demonstrate regarding the power of religion in people's everyday lives? What risks do anthropologists take by immersing themselves in others' religious belief systems and practices? Do you think it is possible to comprehend another group of people's religious beliefs and practices without accepting that they are real for believers? Why or why not? What does it mean for a religious belief or practice to be considered real, and who should determine whether or not it is real?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 17
Chapter 16: Health, Illness, and the Body
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24038
Sample Questions
Q1) How do anthropologists define biomedicine?
A) the intersection of multiple cultural approaches to healing
B) a practice that seeks to apply the principles of the natural sciences
C) the documentation and description of the local use of natural substances in healing remedies and practices
D) the comparative study of local systems of health and healing
Q2) In Tibet, there are about 200 traditional healers known as amchi who provide health care. What is their system of health care based on?
A) elimination of body and spirit as part of individual wellness
B) complete separation of body and spirit in the individual
C) achieving balance between body and spirit in the individual
D) elevation of the spirit over the body in the individual
Q3) Anthropologists have recognized that Western biomedicine draws heavily on:
A) universally held values.
B) the experience of the doctor in a foreign country.
C) enlightenment values.
D) the willingness of the doctor to practice alternative medicine.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Art and Media
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/24039
Sample Questions
Q1) What is indigenous media?
A) videos made about indigenous peoples
B) use of the media by those who have experienced significant disruption at a local level
C) films that are unusually clever in delivering a powerful message
D) the type of media used by Native Americans
Q2) The presentation of local art on the global scale may provide not only a means of economic activity but also a venue to do what?
A) assert local cultural identity in the face of rapid change
B) lead to local art being considered a new form of high art
C) have an impact on social dynamics within the producers' communities
D) help the local cultures become connected to the Internet
Q3) Define the term kinetic orality and describe the circular relationship Kyra Gaunt documented between the games black girls play and commercial hip-hop culture, especially as it pertains to the construction of gender.
Q4) Consider the global trade of West African "wood" and "mud" artwork. Are these objects "authentic"? Refer to examples from Steiner and Stoller's ethnographies in your answer.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19