Introduction to Anthropology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology offers students an engaging overview of the study of humans, their societies, cultures, and biological heritage across time and space. The course explores the four main subfields of anthropology: cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological (physical) anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Students will examine how anthropologists investigate human origins, analyze cultural practices and social structures, and interpret the complexities of language and symbolism. Through case studies, ethnographic accounts, and comparative perspectives, the course emphasizes the diversity and interconnectedness of people around the world, encouraging critical thinking about human behavior, cultural norms, and global issues.
Recommended Textbook
The Essence of Anthropology 3rd Edition by William A. Haviland
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16 Chapters
1823 Verified Questions
1823 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Essence of Anthropology
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Franz Boas found that one of the major differences between first-generation immigrants to the United States and their children was in the area of:
A) education levels
B) earning potential and access to resources
C) height
D) communicable diseases
Answer: C
Q2) Define globalization.
Answer: Globalization is worldwide interconnectedness, evidenced in various ways.
Q3) What is the name of the organization that oversees a code of ethics for anthropological research?
A) United States Ethics Commission
B) National Committee of Anthropological Research
C) American Anthropological Association
D) International Association of Anthropologists
Answer: C
Q4) A tentative explanation is known as a/an: _______________.
Answer: hypothesis
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biology and Evolution
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a young man has Type A blood, this is his:
A) DNA
B) genome
C) phenotype
D) genotype
Answer: C
Q2) A sequence of chemical bases on a molecule of DNA constitutes a recipe for making
Answer: proteins
Q3) Genetic drift and gene flow can be easily confused because of the similarities in their names. What is the difference between genetic drift and gene flow?
Answer: Genetic drift refers to chance fluctuations of allele frequencies of a population and can be seen in both founder's effect and population bottlenecks where a small group of people is isolated from a larger population and there is an increase in the expression of a certain gene.By contrast, gene flow refers to the introduction of alleles of one population into another.An example here would be an immigrant population who interbreeds with the existing population.
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4
Chapter 3: Living Primates
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) GG rubbing stands for:
A) genitor-genital
B) genuine-genito
C) genito-genital
D) genitor-genito
Answer: C
Q2) The sense of smell is vital for _______________ in their location of food sources.
A) ground-dwelling, nocturnal mammals
B) tree-dwelling, diurnal mammals
C) ground-dwelling, diurnal mammals
D) tree-dwelling, nocturnal mammals
Answer: A
Q3) Researchers at Gombe, Tanzania have found that annually chimpanzees kill what percentage of red colobus monkeys within their habitat?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 25
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Human Evolution
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is bipedalism?
A) a special form of locomotion on two feet
B) having two lobes in the skull
C) the separation of Homo erectus from Homo sapiens
D) the relationship between two species of apes
Q2) _______________ change depends upon heritable traits.
Q3) The earliest discovered human tools are dated at about:
A) 4.4 million years
B) 1.0 million years ago
C) 7.5 million years ago
D) 2.6 million years ago
Q4) Anthropologists have not fully resolved which human ancestors were the first to walk on two legs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) "Lucy" is an example of one of the species of _______________.
Q6) Homo erectus emerged during the _______________ Epoch.
Q7) Neandertals were anatomically different from modern humans.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The Neolithic Revolution: The Domestication of
Plants and Animals
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is intensive agriculture considered to be a less stable means of subsistence than foraging?
A) in general, people do not like to work harder and tend to neglect crops
B) it is associated with a lower population
C) there is less species diversity in crops
D) it always depends much more on stable climatic conditions
Q2) With the end of the last glaciation, climates became:
A) significantly colder and less markedly seasonal
B) significantly warmer and more markedly seasonal
C) significantly warmer and less markedly seasonal
D) significantly colder and more markedly seasonal
Q3) As humans managed animals more, these animals were shielded increasingly from the effects of natural selection.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _______________ crops are highly productive but very unstable.
Q5) The human shift to farming and domesticating animals are cultural adaptations that have presented serious _______________ consequences.
Q6) Name four common sources of Neolithic clothing.
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Chapter 6: The Emergence of Cities and States
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a modern city virtually every institution depends on:
A) religious organizations
B) highways
C) public utilities
D) secondary schools
Q2) In the Biocultural Connection section how do Ramenofsky and Galloway explain the disappearance of Native American populations between the explorations of Hernando de Soto and the later arrival of French explorers along the Mississippi?
A) they argue that Hernando de Soto's runaway pigs carried diseases that infected the local fauna and food source for the Native American of that region
B) they argue that Hernando de Soto's army carried diseases that spread to the Native Americans of that region
C) they argue that the Native Americans were nomadic and moved to another region by the time the French explorers arrived
D) they argue that Native Americans never lived in that region and the sites they found were ceremonial centers visited infrequently
Q3) Describe the Code of Hammurabi.
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Chapter 7: Modern Human Diversity: Race and Racism
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blumenbach referred to inhabitants of Asia, including China and Japan, as
Q2) In which book do we find the argument that the various American "races" have differing degrees of intelligence based on immutable genetic factors?
A) Man's Most Dangerous Myth
B) The Bell Curve
C) On the Origin of Species
D) Race and Progress
Q3) Race is a social myth that argues that humans form different subspecies groups based on phenotypic expressions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Intelligence tests are a subject of controversy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The only reproductive barrier that exists for humans is cultural.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Define race.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Characteristics of Culture
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among both Muslims and Jews, which animal is seen as most defiling?
A) pig
B) cow
C) snake
D) dog
Q2) Twenty-five percent of all imprisoned people in the world are located in:
A) Saudi Arabia
B) United States
C) Singapore
D) China
Q3) Anthropologist Marvin Harris argues in the chapter Biocultural Connection "Pig Lovers and Pig Haters" that the dietary prohibitions Muslims and Jews have against pork stemmed from it being maladaptive to raise pigs in their environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Canela Indians do not have a sexual code.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How did Sir Edward Tylor first define the concept of "culture"?
Q6) Compare and contrast the difference between "culture" and "society."
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________________ is the distinction between male and female speech styles.
Q2) The identification and description of the distinctive sounds of a language is called:
A) phonetology
B) phones
C) phonology
D) phonetics
Q3) Why is speech unique to humans?
A) great apes do not have the anatomy to speak like humans
B) no one has pioneered a way to teach great apes
C) great apes are not interested in speaking to us
D) we are not able to hear the vocal ranges expressed by great apes
Q4) Changing speech patterns from one situation to another is called __________________________.
Q5) Whistled speech is a form of _______________.
Q6) What are the various ways that people use body language or paralanguage to add details to what is being said or what they are hearing from the other person? What types of behaviors seem "culturally patterned" for your age group in your cultural setting?
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Chapter 10: Social Identity, Personality, and Gender
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dependence training helps an individual become self-reliant, independent, and ambitious.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _______________________ are mental disorders specific to particular ethnic groups.
Q3) In order to structure the individual's psychological field, self-awareness includes each of the following orientations except:
A) normative orientation
B) object orientation
C) temporal orientation
D) emotive orientation
Q4) What was the primary argument of John Locke's tabula rasa theory?
A) that natural selection favors individuals who have adaptive personalities
B) that the mind of children is born empty and cannot develop until adolescence
C) that we are very different at birth and that our individualities are genetically programmed
D) that we are biologically identical at birth in the potential for personality development
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Subsistence and Exchange
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The traditional market is:
A) regional
B) national
C) local
D) transnational
Q2) A form of exchange in which goods flow into a central place where they are sorted, counted, and reallocated is called ______________.
Q3) Why was the invention of the steam engine in England important to the development of the Industrial Revolution?
Q4) Describe the division of labor by age among the Ju/'hoansi.
Q5) The average weight of an individual's belongings among the Ju/'hoansi is:
A) less than 25 pounds
B) between 25 and 40 pounds
C) less than 15 pounds
D) more than 50 pounds
Q6) Ju/'hoansi society is known for absolute and restrictive control over their lands.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Sex, Marriage, and Family
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following arguments is not commonly used against same-sex marriage?
A) it is not representative of traditional marriage
B) it indicates support for gays and gay lifestyle
C) it destroys the social and economic basis of society
D) it does not produce children
Q2) What three challenges do marriage and family resolve for human societies?
Q3) Describe gender roles in a typically polygynous society.
Q4) Patrilateral parallel-cousin marriages were historically and traditionally favored among all of the following except:
A) ancient Israelites
B) ancient Greeks
C) Romans
D) Arabs
Q5) A family established through marriage is called a:
A) consanguineal family
B) conjugal family
C) nuclear family
D) group family
Q6) In Peru, the Inca was required to marry his _______________.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Kinship and Other Methods of Grouping
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what kind of society do you expect to find a matrilineal descent group?
Q2) Which of the following is not a named and recognized kinship system?
A) Aranda
B) Eskimo
C) Sudanese
D) Nigerian
Q3) Totems and totemism often guide social behavior and act as a source of unification for members within clans. What examples of totemic behavior and affiliation can you cite from within contemporary United States society? Why do you think totems are used as, for example, sports mascots and even elementary school classroom identifications?
Q4) ________________ indicators are things such as wealth, dress, and residential location that indicate social classes.
Q5) Which of the following is not a distinction between clans and lineages?
A) the depth of demonstrated ancestry
B) residential unity
C) strong association with symbolism
D) unilineal descent
Q6) What is the basic difference between the terms "age-set" and "age-grade"?
Q7) What are the advantages of structuring a society with age grades?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Politics, Power, and Violence
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is a rebellion distinct from a revolution?
Q2) In uncentralized political systems, all offenses are:
A) considered to require formal sanctions
B) severe challenges to the group's leadership
C) transgressions against the state
D) transgressions against the individual or kin group
Q3) The 1960s movement in the United States is classified as a rebellion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When surplus goods are amassed in a centralized location for dispersal at a later date, the economic system is classified as _______________.
Q5) The devout Christian's fear of hell is an example of a cultural control.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What were the primary duties of the Igbo omu?
Q7) Describe the two ways that disputes can be settled among two parties.
Q8) Why do wars occur? Name several reasons and explain why each contributes to social upheaval and may result in intensified aggression.
Q9) A _______________ is a people who share a collective identity.
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Chapter 15: Spirituality, Religion, and the Supernatural
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Industrial societies are typically animistic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why did cargo cults develop so prevalently in Melanesia in the early 20 century?
Q3) The healing force that the Ju/'hoansi use to cure is called _______________.
Q4) The male puberty rite found among the Australian aborigines involves removing the young man from society and:
A) leaving him to find his way back to his group
B) marrying him to a young woman
C) tattooing him
D) teaching him
Q5) Why have many countries signed bans against supporting clitoridectomy?
Q6) The concepts of mana, manitou, and wakonda are all associated with:
A) fundamentalism
B) monotheism
C) animism
D) animatism
Q7) The explanatory narrative that rationalizes and reinforces religious beliefs and practice is called _______________.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Global Changes and the Role of Anthropology
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In almost all parts of the world, nation-building:
A) results in the destruction of multi-ethnic societies
B) results in the preservation of multi-ethnic societies
C) results in the increase development of ethnic societies
D) has no effect on multi-ethnic societies
Q2) Throughout time, all large states have a tendency to:
A) break up
B) foster greater unity
C) become more stable
D) to experience a rise in prosperity
Q3) _______________ communities are groups of migrants who remain in touch with their home countries both socially and economically.
Q4) About 6 billion people in the world are undernourished.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _______________ migration may be voluntary, involuntary, forced, or imposed.
Q6) How do mega-corporations work to subordinate women?
Q7) Population dramatically increases the scale of threats from ______________ and _______________.
Q8) The most recent subprocess of modernization is _______________.
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