Introduction to Anthropology Exam Practice Tests
Course
Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology provides students with an overview of the study of humanity, exploring the diverse biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological aspects that define human experience. The course examines human evolution, social organization, cultural practices, language development, and belief systems across different societies and time periods. Through foundational theories, methodologies, and case studies, students gain an understanding of how anthropologists investigate human behavior, cultural diversity, and the interconnections between societies, preparing them for deeper analysis of global cultures and contemporary social issues.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 1st Edition by Kenneth J. Guest
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1120 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) Globalism is driving rapid change in human activities. Give an example of one of these rapid changes and explain the positive and negative effects on the people of the world.
Answer: The answer for this question is open, but requires an example of rapid change and both a positive and negative effect. For example, changes in transportation technology from horses and sailing ships to automobiles, jets, railroads, and huge modern container ships have enabled flexible accumulation and the outsourcing of manufacturing from countries like the United States to less developed countries like Mexico and Malaysia. This has led to development and new jobs in Malaysia, lower prices for goods, and higher profits for manufacturers. However, lack of worker protection has resulted in low wages and poor working conditions for Malaysian workers. Lack of environmental regulations has led to serious pollution problems in formerly pristine areas. This has also resulted in fewer jobs and lower wages in the United States.
Q2) Globalization is also affecting the world's environment. Identify three effects of human activity on the environment, and then choose one and discuss its consequences.
Answer: Possible effects include overfishing, population growth, limited access to water, pollution, and global warming. The consequences are almost always bad.
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using an interpretivist approach, anthropologist Clifford Geertz (1926-2006) argues that seemingly straightforward actions such as winking have deep cultural meanings. Describe what constitutes an interpretivist approach. Next, provide your own example of a cultural action that you think conveys deep cultural meaning. What do you believe the action symbolizes culturally? How do you know that the action conveys deep cultural meaning and how did you learn its meaning? Would an individual need to be a member of the particular society in order to understand the deep cultural meaning of the action, or would anyone be able to interpret it correctly? Discuss why or why not. Answer: Students must use the correct definition of the interpretivist approach. They must also be able to provide at least one example of a cultural action and should adequately discuss what they think the action symbolizes. Students should conclude with a reasonable argument for whether or not the action's symbolism is particular to a society and why.
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Chapter 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ways of establishing an ethnographer's ________ include discussing length of fieldwork, language skills, and the nature of his or her relationships with research subjects.
A) reflections
B) loyalties
C) framework
D) authority
E) orientation
Answer: D
Q2) Franz Boas' attempts to document Native American cultures that were devastated by the westward expansion of settlers are called:
A) salvage ethnography.
B) rapid assessment.
C) forced enculturation.
D) participant observation.
E) colonial anthropology.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms best describes the study of how gestures, postures, and facial expressions convey messages without words?
A) discourse analysis
B) morphology
C) kinesics
D) prestige language
E) historical linguistics
Q2) Based on what linguistic anthropologist David Harrison found in Asia, which of the following statements best describes how language shapes the idea of time in Tuva?
A) Tuvans are digital natives.
B) Words for time were not part of the focal vocabulary in Tuva.
C) Words for time and space are no longer known among people in Tuva.
D) While the future is seen as behind them, the past is seen as in front.
E) Like Americans, Tuvans see the future as in front of them and the past behind.
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6
Chapter 5: Human Origins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT associated with Neanderthal material culture?
A) elaborate toolmaking
B) first evidence of agriculture
C) burial of dead
D) speech
E) sophisticated hunting technique
Q2) Modern Homo sapiens first entered Australia about:
A) 400,000 years ago.
B) 40,000 years ago.
C) 24,000 years ago.
D) 14,000 years ago.
E) 10,000 years ago.
Q3) Radiocarbon dating can be applied to:
A) stone tools.
B) stone of volcanic origin.
C) organic remains.
D) only dates earlier than 70,000 BP.
E) only dates later than 25,000 BP.
Q4) What do we know about the behavior of Neandertals based on archaeological excavations?
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Chapter 6: Race and Racism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Malaysians divide people into three "biological" groups, Brazilians have more than three hundred, and Americans divide people into three, four, or even five of these groups called:
A) clines.
B) ethnicities.
C) phylogenies.
D) biomes.
E) races.
Q2) To categorize, differentiate, and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people is referred to as:
A) stereotyping.
B) racial ideology.
C) discrimination.
D) prejudice.
E) racialization.
Q3) Compare and contrast the concepts "genotype" and "phenotype."
Q4) In at least two cultures discussed in the text, wealth is a factor in determining race. Explain how money can have an effect on racial determination, a supposedly biological classification, and provide an example from the class.
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Chapter 7: Ethnicity and Nationalism
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Q1) When minorities abandon their separate identity and adopt the culture and norms of the dominant group, they are practicing:
A) nationalization.
B) integration.
C) incorporation.
D) assimilation.
E) absorption.
Q2) What term is used to describe a political entity located within a geographic boundary whose population shares a sense of culture, ancestry, and destiny?
A) nation
B) nation-state
C) nationality
D) society
E) state
Q3) The concepts of "ethnicity," "nation-state," "nationality," and "nationalism" are closely related and have serious impacts on countries in the world today. In a brief essay, discuss the situation in Iraq with regard to nation, nation-state, ethnicity, and nationality, and provide examples to support your points.
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9
Chapter 8: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) The way in which individuals act out the behaviors associated with masculinity and femininity is called gender:
A) stratification.
B) performance.
C) dimorphism.
D) play.
E) practice.
Q2) During the El Salvador civil war (1977-1992), the group Co-Madres emerged as a political force that initially formed as a group of:
A) political activists protesting the rape of women.
B) mothers and relatives who demanded information about the missing.
C) teachers who demanded a peaceful resolution to the war.
D) nuns who worked for peace within the Catholic Church.
E) spiritualists who provided medical care to the injured on both sides of the conflict.
Q3) Discuss ways that women's participation in the migratory process, including their role in "the global care chain," reflects both gender role stereotypes and economic inequalities in the twenty-first century.
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10
Chapter 9: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ are key cultural institutions through which we learn what it means to be heterosexual.
A) Funerals
B) Weddings
C) Baptisms
D) Bar mitzvahs
E) Graduation ceremonies
Q2) Initiation ceremonies among the Sambia of Papua New Guinea involve the transfer of semen between:
A) older men and young men.
B) young men and their wives.
C) young men and older women.
D) young men and other men in their age cohort.
E) older men and other men in their age cohort.
Q3) Under the rules of machismo, the machista is considered:
A) a manly man.
B) a cochon, or gay man.
C) a sex worker.
D) a weak man.
E) a female.
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Chapter 10: Kinship, Family, and Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clans that do not permit marriages within the group are considered:
A) endogamous.
B) monogamous.
C) polygamous.
D) polydromous.
E) exogamous.
Q2) The practice of exchanging a gift from the groom and his family to the bride's family in order to formalize and legalize the marriage is called:
A) endogamy
B) bridewealth
C) polygamy
D) dowry
E) exogamy
Q3) Humans form kinship groups via affinal relationships, which are most commonly achieved through:
A) unionization.
B) insemination.
C) globalization.
D) divorce.
E) marriage.
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Chapter 11: Class and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Countries such as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are among those that have explicitly worked to narrow stratification through high taxation of wealth and which of the following efforts?
A) privatized health insurance
B) generous social benefits
C) nonprofit taxes
D) voting restrictions
E) immigration laws
Q2) For a chief in a ranked society, his or her rank and status are reinforced through reciprocity and:
A) restoration.
B) generosity.
C) accumulation.
D) reproduction.
E) prosperity.
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Chapter 12: The Global Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Horticulture is defined as:
A) food production involving the domestication of animals.
B) cultivation involving permanent cultivation of the land.
C) practicing farming involving mechanization.
D) subsistence based on hunting, fishing, and gathering.
E) cultivation strategy with nonintensive use of land and labor.
Q2) Structural adjustment programs are associated with:
A) an increase in the government spending on education and health care.
B) an increase in the state's role in local and international economics.
C) privatization of state-owned enterprises.
D) strict regulation of local labor markets.
E) reduction in Third World debt.
Q3) As discussed in the text, one of the frictions resulting from the interconnectedness of the global economy is deforestation of the rainforest in:
A) Chiapas, Mexico.
B) Kalimantan, Borneo.
C) Osaka, Japan.
D) Sao Paolo, Brazil.
E) Yunnan, China.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Migration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Global migrations often involve difficult and dangerous journeys between home and destination. The possibilities for migrating and ways people move are profoundly shaped by the "bridges and barriers" individuals may face. Drawing primarily on the case study of Chen Dawei, the immigrant from Fuzhu, China, discuss some of the bridges and barriers that can shape how and where people migrate. Compare Chen Dawei's story to another migrant who may not have the same bridges and may face more barriers. What are the economic, social, and political factors that may come into play in both home and receiving communities? Once Dawei was in New York, discuss how the decision to migrate still likely shaped his everyday life.
Q2) Someone who ________ would be said to be part of the 1.5 generation. A) is fifteen years old
B) was born in California, but had parents who were born in Cuba
C) was born in Cuba and migrated in his or her fifties
D) was born in Cuba but grew up in the United States
E) was internally displaced
Q3) According to the textbook, Muslim street vendors in New York City have long-standing ties that cross the Atlantic Ocean. Discuss how these merchants are an example of transnational entrepreneurial migrants. What is the importance of social networks in their experience?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Politics and Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Maasai people created their own nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in an effort to represent them at negotiations and assert their political rights to resources and recognition with the Tanzanian government, which had largely ignored them. These are examples of a(n):
A) local service agency.
B) international aid society.
C) indigenous charity.
D) civil society organization.
E) advocating agency.
Q2) An organization that advocates for members of local communities and against uneven development and fights unfair state policies is referred to as a(n):
A) advocating agency.
B) civil society organization.
C) international aid society.
D) local support agency.
E) nonaligned charity.
Q3) Civil society organizations have become important actors on the world stage. Discuss what they are, where they came from, how they work, and provide examples to illustrate your points.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A) People make sense of the world, reach decisions, and organize their lives on the basis of their religious beliefs.
B) In a globalized world, religion has very little to do with humans lives.
C) Anthropology's primary interest in religion is to discover its truth or falsity.
D) Religion is not lived out in a community, but rather in isolation.
E) Religious expression in a culture is universal, without local variations.
Q2) Which of the following is a person who sacrifices his or her life for the sake of his or her religion?
A) saint
B) martyr
C) priest
D) nun
E) pastor
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Chapter 16: Health and Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) As discussed in the text, anthropologist Paul Farmer:
A) is a founding member of Doctors Without Borders and works closely with German physicians in Afghanistan.
B) is cofounder of Partners in Health, which works with local communities in Haiti to improve the health conditions of poor Haitians.
C) has studied cultural beliefs and practices surrounding childbirth in a number of countries.
D) linked the degenerative disease kuru with cannibalistic death ritual in South Fore.
E) studies the conflict resulting from medical pluralism between Hmong immigrants and American health-care professionals.
Q2) Anthropologists who studied the rituals associated with surgery discovered that:
A) many surgeons shave their hands to ensure a sterile environment.
B) physicians and nurses typically pray together before entering the operating room.
C) scrubbing the hands often reduces anxiety among medical personnel.
D) female surgeons are more likely than men to eat the same meal before each operation.
E) there is little in the process that appears ritualistic.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Art and Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnographic studies indicate that art produced by local peoples presented on the global scale:
A) can help the local producers establish a visible ethnic identity.
B) never attains the same economic value as high art.
C) has little impact on social dynamics within the producers' communities.
D) appeals only to hippies and members of the so-called counterculture.
E) has become so popular that most artists now cut out the middlemen.
Q2) Christopher Steiner's ethnography of art in Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire, focuses on a market where the primary consumers of locally produced art are:
A) Arab businessmen.
B) African farmers.
C) Western businessmen.
D) Western tourists.
E) Muslim art collectors.
Q3) Anthropologists' definitions emphasize that art is:
A) solely the domain of elites.
B) created only by professional artists.
C) exclusively seen in museums or heard in opera houses.
D) shaped by the viewers' perspective and culture.
E) a product of individual rather than community production.
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