Introduction to Anthropology
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology offers students a foundational understanding of human societies, cultures, and biological diversity across both time and space. The course explores the four main subfields of anthropology: cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Through examining topics such as human evolution, cultural practices, social organization, language, belief systems, and material culture, students gain insights into how anthropologists conduct research and interpret findings about humanity's past and present. This course encourages students to think critically about cultural differences and similarities, fostering a greater appreciation for global diversity and the complexities of human life.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 11th Edition by
Serena Nanda
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1270 Verified Questions
1270 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Anthropology and Human Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today,in an effort to better understand the foundations of violence,anthropologists tend to remain as politically and socially isolated as possible during fieldwork.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Genetic studies indicate:
A)Individual differences are greater than the sum of differences between groups.
B)Racial differences can be substantiated genetically.
C)Traits such as skin color are reliable means of classifying people.
D)Race is a biological construct and is useful only in science.
E)It is possible to determine how closely two individuals are related based on observable features.
Answer: A
Q3) Anthropologists only study contemporary,living peoples.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Doing Cultural Anthropology
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Q1) Why did anthropology pay little attention to women prior to the 1970s? All of the following are correct except:
A)Anthropologists assumed that men's activities were political and more important than women's activities,which were domestic.
B)Many anthropologists assumed that men represented women as well and there was no need to study these as separate genders.
C)The majority of practicing anthropologists was male and had little access to working with women in other societies.
D)Anthropologists were all male and there were no women available to study other women.
E)Men's roles were much more public and were more easily studied. Answer: D
Q2) Name at least 3 challenges associated with collaborative ethnography.
Answer: Answers can include: to represent accurately and not just what informants want,to report to the best of the anthropologist's ability,to not knowingly falsify information,to understand that no community is homogeneous and all voices cannot be represented equally,and to be aware that collaborative work can lead to biased reporting and personal pressures.
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Chapter 3: The Idea of Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inuit children are protected from the harsh environment and physical challenges until it is time for them to transition into adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What do anthropologists mean by the term "social birth"?
Answer: It is the point at which an individual is considered to be a human being and a member of human society.It is often more highly marked than biological birth.
Q3) One advantage of cultural adaptation over biological adaptation is that culture can usually change more rapidly than biology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Fully understanding an issue requires using many theoretical perspectives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that:
A)The best way to study language is with subjects in a laboratory.
B)The vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers perceive reality.
C)The ability to use language determines an individual's intelligence.
D)Formal education increases vocabulary.
E)There is no connection between language and other aspects of culture.
Q2) There is one language spoken by the majority of the world's people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Communication among nonhuman animals can be as complex as human language.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A dialect is:
A)A language that contains fewer than 1,500 words.
B)Language that is used in informal social settings.
C)Language that is used by less powerful groups in society.
D)Speech that consciously breaks the grammatical rules of language.
E)A language that does not have a logical system of grammar.
Q5) What is the "language instinct"?
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Chapter 5: Making a Living
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Q1) In the United States today,what percentage of the population currently is involved in agricultural production?
A)0.5%.
B)1.0%.
C)2.5%.
D)4.0%.
E)12%.
Q2) The integration of resources,labor,and capital into a global network is called
Q3) Most contemporary foragers have been pushed back by more dominant cultures and are currently found in marginal areas of the world.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Name three advantages of using a plow in agriculture.
Q5) How is pastoralism different from ranching?
Q6) Compare and contrast transhumant and nomadic pastoralism.
Q7) Is it better for us to eat local foods? Why?
Q8) The number of individuals supported per square mile of earth is called
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Chapter 6: Economics
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Questions
Q1) What is meant by the term "productive" resources?
Q2) In a system of balanced reciprocity,giving a gift to someone:
A)Carries no obligations for either the giver or the receiver.
B)Starts a pattern in which the giver will continue to present gifts and the recipient will show gratitude.
C)Requires that the recipient return a more-or-less equivalent gift at a later date.
D)Demands a counter-gift if the recipient is the same gender as the giver.
E)Is only permitted if the giver is an adult and the recipient a child.
Q3) Which of the following is most essential in pastoralist societies?
A)Rights of ownership of land.
B)Rights of access to land.
C)The ability to sell land.
D)The ability to acquire land through inheritance.
E)The ability to transfer rights of land ownership as part of a marriage contract.
Q4) One universal aspect of the division of labor is that women have the major responsibility for child care.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Kinship
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Sample Questions
Q1) In patrilineal descent groups,inheritance moves from father to son.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Clans have more domestic and economic functions than religious functions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a society with matrilineal descent,the person with the most authority and responsibility for a woman and her child is her:
A)Brother.
B)Son.
C)Sister.
D)Father.
E)Husband.
Q4) The Eskimo system singles out the biologically closest group of relations and treats more distant kin more or less equally.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name three basic functions of kinship.
Q6) What is collateral kin? Give an example.
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Chapter 8: Marriage, family, and Domestic Groups
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Q1) In most cases,in pre-modern societies,the elderly are respected:
A)When they have wealth,power,and descendents.
B)To a far greater extent than in most modern societies.
C)But only after they have grandchildren.
D)If they are male.If they are female,not so much.
E)Because they control access to land and water.
Q2) A widely accepted function of the incest taboo is that it:
A)Helps families form wider alliances.
B)Prevents recessive genes from appearing in human populations.
C)Demonstrates our connections with other primate families.
D)Raises the intelligence level of the human species.
E)Is key to maintaining the species differences between humans and other primates.
Q3) Among the Tiwi,a man may betroth his infant daughter to a friend or potential ally who he thinks will bring him economic aid and social advantage
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why would a family seek a marriage broker?
Q5) Compare and contrast exogamy and endogamy.
Q6) What is the strongest and most important tie in Hopi society? Why?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Gender
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Q1) "Inis Beag," a community near Galway in Ireland,is known as one of the most sexually naïve of all the world's societies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to anthropologist Laura Klein,Tlingit men:
A)Resent women's power.
B)Are supportive of women taking leadership roles in the community.
C)Blame women for the break-up of Tlingit families.
D)Share equally in domestic chores so women can work.
E)Initiate a high degree of domestic violence.
Q3) As the cultivation of taro among the Nukumanu has declined,women have become more dependent on men.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One area of recent success for hijras in India is:
A)Music.
B)Painting.
C)Film making.
D)Publishing.
E)Politics.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Political Organization
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Q1) What is a "bigman" and in which type of political organization are we most likely to find this?
Q2) The dominance of a political elite based on a close identification between their own goals and those of the larger society is called:
A)Authority.
B)Power.
C)Legitimacy.
D)Juxtaposition.
E)Hegemony.
Q3) According to the text,which of the following statements most accurately describes ethnic conflict in the former Yugoslavia?
A)It is based on deep ethnic cultural differences which go back for centuries.
B)It is based on contemporary political manipulation of relatively small cultural differences.
C)There are no cultural differences between groups and the conflict is strictly economic.
D)The important ethnic differences have been minimized by the media.
E)The ethnic conflicts have been caused by U.S.foreign policy which favors Serbs over Bosnians.
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Chapter 11: Stratification
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Q1) Conflict theory holds that the natural condition of society is:
A)Order and stability.
B)Sex and violence.
C)Conflict and change.
D)Happiness.
E)Misery.
Q2) Melissa Checker's work on Hyde Park examined the environmental concerns of:
A)An African-American community in the suburbs of Augusta,Georgia.
B)A student and young professional community in Austin,Texas.
C)An African-American community on the south side of Chicago.
D)A wealthy white community in Dutchess County,NY.
E)Residents living in the streets surrounding a large urban park in London,UK.
Q3) Conflict theory argues that specific cultural institutions function to support and serve the needs of its people even when there is no consensus.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The distribution of assets in the United States greatly favors the middle class.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How has globalization affected the India caste system?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Religion
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Q1) The vision quest generally includes:
A)The use of hallucinogenic drugs.
B)Physical suffering.
C)A long voyage in the company of an elder.
D)A belief that only the faithful will be saved.
E)Electric shock.
Q2) One of the key beliefs of the Ghost Dance movement was:
A)The ancestors would return on an immense train.
B)A dance had the power to turn those who did it into spirits of immense power.
C)Native Americans could live in peace and harmony with all people.
D)If Native Americans would use only traditional weapons,they could drive the Whites from their land.
E)At the end of time,white people would turn black and black people would turn white.
Q3) Which of the following is necessary for an individual to become a shaman?
A)The ability to experience direct contact with the supernatural.
B)A period of training and a certification by an official institution.
C)A parent or family member who is already a shaman.
D)An ability to cure people both in- and outside of the cultural group.
E)An ability to play-act and lie convincingly.
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Chapter 13: Creative Expression: Anthropology and the Arts
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Q1) What is henna,and how is it used as an art form in Morocco?
Q2) What is manga?
A)Animated cartoons in Japan.
B)Comic book art in Japan.
C)Political satire in Japan.
D)Movie art in the U.S.
E)A type of music from Brazil.
Q3) Art is an important element in the politics of a culture.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A very important function of art is symbolic communication.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The primary artistic efforts of Maria Martinez were:
A)Weaving.
B)Singing.
C)Pottery.
D)Painting.
E)Silver jewelry.
Q6) What is bhangra,and how does it express world music?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Power, conquest, and a World System
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Q1) Neocolonialism refers to:
A)The idea that although nations were no longer colonized,many institutions of colonialism remained.
B)A new form of colonialism in the 21st century.
C)The process of finding ways for America to maintain direct power in European nations post World War II.
D)The process of regaining lost culture in a formerly colonized nation.
E)The idea that strong cultural exchanges should be maintained between a formerly colonized nation and its colonizer.
Q2) At current prices,what the Spanish looted of gold and silver from the Americas is valued at:
A)1 billion.
B)3 billion.
C)14 billion.
D)40 billion.
E)412 billion.
Q3) What is neocolonialism?
Q4) What was meant by the concept of "White man's burden"?
Q5) Where did the Dutch East India Company primarily operate?
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Chapter 15: Culture, change, and the Modern World
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Q1) According to Jim Igoe,who worked with the Maasai,a critical problem with development is that:
A)Many projects are based in Western understandings that seem logical to the people who design the projects but less plausible to their recipients.
B)Many projects assume a level of education that is just not present among the project recipients.
C)Projects that are designed by local communities are often unacceptable to the people who have to fund them.
D)Western project managers are rarely accepted by project recipients in poor nations.
E)Although major donors want to fund large projects,the kinds more likely to work are small projects.
Q2) In the 1980s,most Ju/'hoansi foragers ended up fighting for the freedom of Namibia with the Southwest African People's Organization (SWAPO).
A)True
B)False
Q3) What jobs are available to people in the Brazilian favela of Olinda?
Q4) Why is it difficult to measure the "carrying capacity" of the earth?
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