Introduction to Anthropology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology offers a comprehensive overview of the study of humans, their societies, cultures, and biological development across time. This course introduces students to the four primary subfields of anthropology: cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Through a multidisciplinary approach, students explore the diversity of human experience, examining how culture shapes beliefs, behaviors, and social structures. The course also delves into human evolution, adaptation, and the methods anthropologists use to conduct research, providing foundational insights into the complexities of humanity and the tools used to study it.
Recommended Textbook
Physical Anthropology and Archaeology 4th Canadian Edition by Carol R. Ember
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14 Chapters
447 Verified Questions
447 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology?
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ethnologists are interested in how cultures change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) To determine where to dig at a site, archaeologists rely of techniques from A) geology and physical geography.
B) chemistry.
C) physics and chemistry.
D) human geography.
E) mathematics and geology.
Answer: A
Q3) The biocultural model recognizes that human biological diversity is linked to environmental adaptation, and that one of humankind's greatest adaptive strategies is A) language.
B) technology.
C) culture.
D) religion.
E) hunting.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Uncovering the Past: Tools and Techniques
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Paleoanthropologists can infer the behaviour of ancient hominids by interpreting the fossilized skeletal remains of ancient hominids; they can also infer the environment of these hominids from
A) the age of the rocks in which the fossils were found.
B) the type of sediments in which the remains were deposited.
C) the types of flora and fauna associated with the hominid fossils.
D) chemical analyses of the rocks in which the fossils were found.
E) the types of geological processes to which the remains have been subjected.
Answer: C
Q2) Archaeologists conduct excavations and recover artifacts from where they were buried; thus, by its very nature, archaeological excavation is
A) destructive -- the context of the artifacts is lost.
B) tiring -- archaeologists must work very hard during excavations.
C) profitable -- many of the artifacts recovered are priceless.
D) something that amateurs can easily master.
E) something that is usually conducted as quickly as possible.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Reconstructing the Past: Analysis and Interpretation
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Skeletal analyses that examine the pubic symphysis of the pelvis, the closure of the sutures between bones of the skull, and the morphology of the sternal end of the fourth rib are not
A) skeletal age indicator techniques.
B) techniques that employ macroscopic observations.
C) adult ageing techniques.
D) techniques that employ microscopic observations.
E) techniques that focus on age-related changes in bone morphology.
Answer: D
Q2) One area of focus in ancient DNA research has been the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to trace maternal biological lineages.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Skeletal evidence of health in the past is limited to the effects of infectious diseases. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Historical Development of Evolutionary Theory
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The increased prevalence of drug resistant forms of diseases is a result of A) natural selection.
B) acquired inheritance.
C) poor medical condition.
D) migration.
E) increased medical costs.
Q2) In the mid-seventeenth century, Irish cleric Archbishop James Ussher calculated the age of the earth to be 4 million years.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How has the field of epigenetics resurrected Lamarck's theory of acquired inheritance?
Q4) The notion that evolution had no predetermined direction and that selection acted on existing variation was proposed by
A) Ussher.
B) Lamarck.
C) Lyell.
D) Darwin.
E) Hooton.
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Chapter 5: Modern Evolutionary Theory
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The variation in gene frequency from one end of the region to the other is called
A) natural selection.
B) gene flow.
C) speciation.
D) genetic drift.
E) a cline.
Q2) Mutations that are invisible to selection are
A) homozygous.
B) beneficial.
C) polymorphic.
D) neutral.
E) directional.
Q3) Chromosomes are built of DNA.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Proteins act as catalysts for sythesizing DNA but not RNA.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does the founder effect lead to genetic drift?
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Chapter 6: Human Variation
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32 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultural adaptations exhibited by humans include the alteration of our "microenvironments."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following does not apply to Type II diabetes?
A) Type II diabetes is also known as adult-onset diabetes.
B) Type II diabetes is also known as NIDDM (i.e., non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).
C) Type II diabetes tends to manifest itself in adult patients.
D) Type II diabetes is due to individuals lacking the gene necessary for insulin production.
E) Type II diabetes results from a sedentary lifestyle, chronic obesity and excess sugar intake.
Q3) Culture can influence the direction of natural selection.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When first introduced into populations, Measles may will likely only kill a few individuals.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Living Primates
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arboreal primates tend to be larger than terrestrial ones.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Old World monkeys are more closely related to New World monkeys than they are to apes and humans.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the difference between prosimians and strepsirhines?
Q4) Primate use the following methods of communication.
A) sound
B) odour
C) body movement
D) All of the Above
E) A and B only
Q5) Primates are characterized by stereoscopic vision.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In humans the larynx is high which allows for speech.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Primate Evolution: From Early Primates to Hominoids
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32 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earliest evidence of New World monkeys comes from Bolivia and dates to 65 million years ago.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In their locomotion, arboreal quadrupeds typically exhibit vertical clinging and leaping.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Miocene genus Proconsul is generally regarded as being
A) the common ancestor of all living anthropoids.
B) a catarrhine primate with highly specialized locomotion.
C) the common ancestor of all Old World monkeys.
D) an early hominoid with highly specialized dentition.
E) similar in appearance to the common ancestor of apes and humans.
Q4) Rates of molecular change can be sped up by natural selection when a characteristic is either very advantageous or very disadvantageous.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Early Hominins
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31 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In contrast to Australopithecus africanus, the robust australopithecines generally had thicker jaws but smaller molar and premolars.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The lumbar curve is a trait found in all primates.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jonathan Wells and Jay Stock argue that ___________ led humans to become "colonizing apes," able to live in diverse environments.
A) convergent evolution
B) bipedalism
C) large brains
D) environmental change
E) tool use
Q4) One of the possible consequences of brain expansion was that offspring are born more developed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Homo Erectus and Archaic Homo Sapiens
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to Homo habilis, Homo erectus had
A) relatively big teeth, a larger brain and a small stature.
B) relatively small teeth, a similar-sized brain and a similar stature.
C) relatively small teeth, a larger brain and a taller stature.
D) relatively big teeth, a similar-sized brain and a similar stature.
E) relatively big teeth, a larger brain and a taller stature.
Q2) The oldest Acheulian tools thus far found date back to about
A) 1.5 million years ago.
B) 1.8 million years ago.
C) 2.5 million years ago.
D) 1.0 million years ago.
E) 2.0 million years ago.
Q3) Several caves sites in the Mount Carmel region of Israel contain evidence of
A) warfare between Neanderthals and modern humans.
B) both Neanderthal and modern human occupation.
C) ritual burial by Neanderthals.
D) a cave bear skull cult.
E) altruism in Neanderthals.
Q4) Who were the Denisovans?
Q5) Outline the evidence suggesting that H. erectus took part in rituals.
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Chapter 11: Modern Homo Sapiens
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Monte Verde site in Chile contains evidence of
A) no stone tools.
B) hide covered huts.
C) a child's footprint.
D) all of the above
E) B and C only
Q2) ________ tools were one of the innovations of Archaic peoples in the New World.
A) Ground stone woodworking
B) Acheulian
C) Clovis
D) Bifacial flaked
E) Levallois
Q3) Up until recently, paleoanthropologists thought that anatomically modern humans evolved about
A) 250,000 years ago.
B) 200,000 years ago.
C) 150,000 years ago.
D) 100,000 years ago.
E) 50, 000 years ago.
Q4) Where did modern humans emerge? Summarize and compare the current theories.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Origins of Food Production and Settled Life
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shifting cultivation as practiced using the slash-and-burn technique, does not involve
A) the use of hand tools, such as digging sticks.
B) the use of fire to clear land.
C) a reliance on natural rainfall rather than irrigation.
D) a reliance on the natural fertility of the soil rather than using manure or other fertilizers.
E) the permanent, intensive cultivation of field crops.
Q2) Life expectancy derived from skeletal samples depends on the assumption of mean age at death being approximately equivalent to life expectancy at birth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What were microliths?
A) Small blades.
B) Small arrows.
C) Small hammers.
D) People of short stature.
E) Small Mesolithic communities.
Q4) What are some possible reasons why broad-spectrum collecting developed?
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Chapter 13: Origins of Cities and States
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the area of modern Peru, state societies emerged after about
A) 200 B.C.
B) 1200 B.C.
C) A.D. 200.
D) A.D. 800.
E) 2200 B.C.
Q2) At its peak, from A.D. 200-500, the great city of Teotihuacan covered an area greater than imperial Rome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Marvin Harris suggested that states formed in areas
A) that supported intensive grain production that were surrounded by areas that could not.
B) close to river systems.
C) cut off from neighbouring populations.
D) traditionally were nomadic.
E) conquered by warfare.
Q4) What are some of the negative consequences of the development of states?
Q5) Why do scholars disagree over whether or not Cahokia was a state?
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Chapter 14: Applied Anthropology: Physical Anthropology and Archaeology
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Indigenous cultural concepts can sometimes be used effectively to enhance educational programs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Anthropology contributes to an understanding of health and illness through the development of culturally appropriate interventions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Only socio-cultural anthropologists can work in applied anthropology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Medical research now indicates that formula is far superior to mother's milk.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In many cultures fat people are considered more "beautiful" than thin people.
A)True
B)False
B)False Page 16
Q6) The acceptance of planned change rarely depends on social factors. A)True
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Page 17