Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology provides a foundational understanding of the structure and function of the human body. This course explores the organization of body systems, including cellular processes, tissues, and organ systems, while examining how these systems interact to support life and maintain homeostasis. Students will build essential knowledge of anatomical terminology, physiological processes, and basic mechanisms of health and disease, laying the groundwork for more advanced studies in health and biological sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professions An Interactive Journey 2nd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology:
Learning the Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ is the study of structure.
Answer: Anatomy
Q2) A recording of the electrical activity of a skeletal muscle is a(n) ________.
A)electrocardiogram
B)electromyogram
C)mamogram
D)mammogram
Answer: B
Q3) A group of signs and symptoms is known as a(n) ____________.
Answer: Syndrome
Q4) A specific group of signs and symptoms that are related to a specific disease is known by which of the following names?
A)Diagnosis
B)Chief complaint
C)Syndrome
D)Relapse
Answer: C
Q5) The word ________ is constructed using the definition "one who studies cells." Answer: Cytologist
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Chapter 2: The Human Body: Reading the Map
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ regions are located on either side of the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs.
Answer: Hypochondriac
Q2) The ________ contains the heart, lungs, and large blood vessels.
A)Thoracic cavity
B)Abdominopelvic cavity
C)Cranial cavity
D)Spinal cavity
Answer: A
Q3) Medial means to the side.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) By placing your fingers at the T5 vertebra, you can locate which organ?
A)Spleen
B)Kidney
C)Lung
D)Brain
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Biochemistry: the Basic Ingredients of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a characteristic of an covalent bond?
A)Electrons are shared
B)Electrons are donated
C)The molecule is always polar
D)Protons are involved in the bond
Answer: A
Q2) Covalent bonds are polar.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) _____________________ molecules have nitrogen in their backbone.
Answer: Protein
Q4) Lead is a biological molecule.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) A solution with pH 8 is basic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Cells: the Raw Materials and Building Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following the analogy in your book, consider ribosomes the manufacturing plant for building materials used for ________ and repair.
Q2) A spherical body made up of dense fibers called the ________ is found within the cell nucleus.
Q3) The cell receives its shape from a network of microtubules and filaments known as the ________.
A)Cytoskeleton
B)Endoskeleton
C)Exoskeleton
D)Microskeleton
Q4) Which microorganism is spread by the release of spores?
A)Bacteria
B)Virus
C)Fungi
D)Protozoa
Q5) The process of blocking a carrier is called ______________________.
Q6) All cells have cell membranes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Tissues and Systems: the Inside Story
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Sample Questions
Q1) This type of tissue provides rapid communication between various parts of the body
A)Epithelial
B)Connective
C)Muscle
D)Nervous
Q2) The ________ layer lines the wall of the cavities in which organs reside.
Q3) Membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord are called ____________.
Q4) The term tachypnea means ________.
A)Fast breathing
B)Fast heart rate
C)Fast blood pressure rise
D)Fast spike in temperature
Q5) This type of tissue specializes in movement of the body ________.
A)Epithelial
B)Connective
C)Muscle
D)Nervous
Q6) Hormones produced by the ________ system help you to deal with general stress and stress produced by infection and trauma.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: the Framework
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fibrous joints are not freely moving.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An articulating end of a bone that is rounded and enlarged is called a(n) ____________.
Q3) Tendonitis or tendinitis often occurs in conjunction with ________.
Q4) Scoliosis is an example of what classification of disorders?
A)Infection
B)Congenital
C)Trauma
D)Secondary
Q5) The number of pairs of true ribs is ________.
A)12
B)14
C)5
D)7
Q6) A fine fracture that does not completely break or displace the bone is a(n) ________ fracture.
Q7) Because of the continual breakdown of old and creation of new bone, adults actually need more calcium in their diets than do ________.
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System: Movement for the Journey
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately ________ percent of the body's weight comes from its muscles.
A)15
B)50
C)65
D)80
Q2) List the rules for naming muscles
Q3) Progressive fluctuating muscle weakness, often starting in the facial or eye muscles are signs and symptoms of which disease?
A)Mitochondrial myopathy
B)Fibromyalgia syndrome
C)Myasthenia gravis
D)Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Q4) The location of pain is confined to tender points in ________.
A)Muscular dystrophy
B)Tetanus
C)Myasthenia gravis
D)Fibromyalgia
Q5) An electromyograph records electrical activity in muscles.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: The Integumentary System: the Protective
Covering
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Sample Questions
Q1) First degree burns affect all three of the skin layers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The skin is attached to the muscles of the body by the ____________ layer.
A)Epidermis
B)Dermis
C)Hypodermis
D)Subcutaneous
Q3) Individuals with a malfunctioning adrenal gland may have what color of skin?
A)Blue
B)Red
C)Yellow
D)Bronze
Q4) A first degree burn penetrates through the _________________.
Q5) ________ is characterized by the "bull's eye" rash as a result of a bacterial infection that is spread via the bite of the deer tick.
Q6) Initially the patient with third degree burns will feel no ________.
Q7) Hair is composed of fibrous protein called ____________.
Q8) This __________________ layer of the skin regenerates easily after injury. Page 10
Q9) Cells which can develop into connective tissue are called ____________.
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Chapter 9: The Nervous System Part I: the Information
Super Highway
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the neuron is responsible for cell metabolism?
A)Body
B)Dendrite
C)Axon
D)Synapse
Q2) Medication is often injected into the ____________ space to alleviate pain.
A)Vertebral
B)Epidural
C)Subdural
D)Subarachnoid
Q3) The ____________ or parasympathetic branch of the nervous system deals with maintenance of homeostasis.
Q4) ________ is caused by destruction of ventral horn motor neurons by poliomyelitis virus.
Q5) Explain how multiple sclerosis affects the body.
Q6) Branches and recombinations of nerves are called ____________.
Q7) Epidural injections of steroids are sometimes prescribed for patients with chronic lower back injuries to relieve pain, and ________.
Q8) The neurotransmitter group ________ inhibit release of pain neurotransmitters. Page 12
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System Part Ii: the Traffic Control
Center
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is not true of the cerebellum?
A)It is considered the "little brain."
B)It lies under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum.
C)It is responsible for sensory and motor coordination and balance.
D)It helps regulate water balance and sleep cycles.
Q2) A woman falls down a flight of stairs carrying a large box.She is admitted to the hospital paralyzed on the right side and unable to speak.Where is her injury?
A)Spinal cord
B)Temporal lobe
C)Frontal lobe
D)Brainstem
Q3) Heartbeat is controlled in the ____________.
Q4) Respiratory arrest is a clear sign of brain damage after a fall.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ________ is a condition of excess CSF in brain due to trauma, birth defects, tumors, etc.
Q6) Explain how we interpret touch.
Q7) Brain cavities are called ________.
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Chapter 11: The Senses: the Sights and Sounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hyperopia is when the eye cannot focus properly on ________ objects.
Q2) If left untreated, otitis media can cause a perforation of the ________ or eardrum.
Q3) The bones of the middle ear are the malleus, incus, and ____________.
Q4) Acute conjunctivitis is commonly called ________ aureus.
Q5) Your tears act as a lubricant and ____________ to protect the eyes from microorganisms.
A)Antiseptic
B)Moisture
C)Bath
D)Glaze
Q6) ________ is an inflammation of the membrane that lines the eye characterized by pink or red swollen eyes.
Q7) All of the following are symptoms of otitis media except ________.
A)Sinus infection
B)Pus
C)Edema
D)Pain
Q8) A clouded lens is called a(n)________.
Q9) Skin is the location of receptors for your sense of _________________.
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________ gland is located in the upper thorax.
Q2) Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?
A)The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in the body.
B)All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
C)Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.
D)Endocrine glands produce hormones.
Q3) Insulin and glucagon are produced by the ________.
A)Pancreas
B)Thymus
C)Adrenal cortex
D)None of the above
Q4) An overproduction of pituitary hormones is called ________.
A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Addison's disease
C)Hyperpituitarism
D)Hypopituitarism
Q5) The most common cause of hypothyroidism is ________.
Q6) Prednisone is used to prevent organ rejection.
A)True
B)False Page 16
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Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Transport and Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives are at a higher risk of formation of thrombi in the blood vessels, which can break off to become ________.
Q2) Heart valves close when their tissue is depolarized.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A(n) ________ is a result of blood leaking backward due to a faulty heart valve or a narrowed valve opening.
Q4) The blood type considered the universal donor is type ________.
A)A
B)B
C)O
D)AB
Q5) Which of the following is not a white blood cell?
A)Neutrophil
B)Thrombocyte
C)Lymphocyte
D)All of the above are white blood cells
Q7) Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and __________________. Page 18
Q6) Discuss why an O negative mother should be concerned about her second pregnancy.
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System: Its a Gas
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global term for the conditions of emphysema, and chronic ________.
Q2) The pontine respiratory group is the chief respiratory center.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Inspired objects usually lodge in the left lung.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The inability to get air out of the lungs is known as ________.
A)Hyperinflation
B)Bronchospasm
C)COPD
D)Gas trapping
Q5) Discuss the effect of surfactant.
Q6) The ________, or breastbone, is centrally located on the anterior portion of the thoracic cage and is comprised of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
Q7) The bronchi branch into ____________.
Q8) The process of gas exchange is known as ____________.
Q9) Carbon dioxide is abbreviated as ________.
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Your Defense Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) What name is given to the series of reactions responsible for activation of twenty normally inactive proteins?
A)Complement cascade
B)Inflammatory response
C)Margination selection
D)Differentiation process
Q2) Describe why nodes are located near lungs, digestive, and reproductive organs.
Q3) This stage of cancer is often terminal ________.
A)Stage I
B)Stage II
C)Stage III
D)Stage IV
Q4) The destruction of self-recognizing lymphocytes is known as ________.
Q5) Signs and symptoms of allergies can include all of the following except ________.
A)Weight loss
B)Wheezing
C)Upper respiratory infections
D)Hives Short
Q6) Ultimately the cause of death in AIDS patients is ___________________.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gastrin is released when chyme enters the duodenum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Polyposis is a small tumor with a pedicle in the mucous membrane of the ________.
A)Stomach
B)Small intestine
C)Duodenum
D)Colon
Q3) The oropharynx is lined with respiratory mucosa.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________ is the inflammation of the gallbladder.
Q5) The final door of the stomach that needs to open for chyme to travel to the small intestine is the fundus.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The action of chewing is known as ____________.
Q7) ________ is the term for a loss of appetite.
Q8) Excessive consumption of alcohol can cause ________.
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Chapter 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) High blood pressure is a common disease that can affect the kidneys.One way of treating high blood pressure is to decrease blood volume by decreasing body water.This can be accomplished by using what kind of drug?
A)Blood thinners
B)ACE stimulators
C)Diuretics
D)Dopamine
Q2) Urine leaves the kidneys through the ________.
A)Urethra
B)Ureters
C)Bladder
D)None of the above
Q3) PKD stands for ____________ disease.
Q4) Water is reabsorbed in the descending loop.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Blood flows to the glomerulus via the ________ arteriole.
Q6) There is no cure for PKD except kidney ________.
Q7) ________ renal failure is defined as an ongoing, progressive kidney disease of three months or more.
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System: Replacement and Repair
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Sample Questions
Q1) The gonads include ________.
A)The ova in the female and sperm in the male
B)The penis in the male and the vulva in the female
C)The testes in the male and the ovaries in the female
D)Both a and c are gonads
Q2) Signs and symptoms of breast cancer include which of the following?
A)Bloody, brown or serous nipple discharge
B)Noticeable lump
C)Changes in breast tissue
D)All of the above
Q3) In the human life cycle, the fertilized egg is called a(n) ________.
A)Zygote
B)Gonad
C)Embryo
D)Fetus
Q4) Reproductive organs are called ____________.
Q5) Discuss endometriosis.
Q6) The ____________ gland surrounds the urethra.
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Q7) ________________ stimulates ovulation.
Q8) In animals, females produce eggs and males produce ____________.
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Chapter 19: The Journeys End: Now What
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Sample Questions
Q1) Analgesics are stronger and last ________ in the elderly patients.
Q2) Forensic science is the application of science to law.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Many triggers can make a cell cancerous, such as exposure to sunlight, radiation, and ________.
Q4) Many types of cancer can be prevented or managed with a healthy diet and ________.
Q5) Which of the following vitamins is needed to promote muscle growth, and may reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease?
A)Vitamin K
B)Vitamin C
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin D Short
Q6) The race of the individual can be determined by examining their hair.
A)True
B)False
Q7) A drug taken by a patient with impaired renal function, such as an elderly person, may not be metabolized correctly by the kidneys.This may cause a(n) ________ of the drug.
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