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Introduction to American History provides an overview of key events, figures, and themes that have shaped the United States from its earliest settlements to the present day. The course explores the foundations of American society, including colonization, the struggle for independence, the development of the Constitution, westward expansion, slavery, the Civil War, industrialization, and major social movements. Emphasizing both political change and cultural development, students will analyze the diverse experiences and perspectives that have contributed to the nations complex history. By engaging with primary sources and historical scholarship, students will develop critical thinking and analytical skills essential for understanding Americas past and its relevance to contemporary issues.
Recommended Textbook
Liberty Equality Power A History of the American People Volume 1 To 1877 6th Edition by
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Q1) The Franciscans were the first Catholic missionaries to the North American Indians. A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) In the fifteenth century,the Chinese government ruled 100 million people. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Europe's most fiercely Catholic society as the sixteenth century began was Spain. A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) During the long history of the Atlantic slave trade,nearly every African shipped overseas had first been enslaved by other Africans.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Q1) Jesuits did not believe that Indians had to be Europeanized before they could be Christianized.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) More thought went into the planning of ____________________ than into the creation of any other colony.
Answer: Pennsylvania
Q3) The Church of England became Catholic in doctrine and theology but remained largely Calvinist in structure,liturgy,and ritual.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Henry IV of France was ____________________,which meant that he insisted that the survival of the state took precedence over religious differences.
Answer: politique
Q5) ____________________ was responsible for introducing tobacco to Virginia.
Answer: John Rolfe
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Q1) Colonists objected to the Dominion of New England because
A)it established an autocratic government without an elected assembly.
B)the royal governor was not given enough authority to enforce the Navigation Acts effectively.
C)it forced both Puritans and non-Puritans to pay taxes to support the Congregational Church.
D)it forced Native Americans on to reservations.
E)all of these choices
Answer: A
Q2) As a result of the witchcraft trials in Salem,
A)the Puritans lost control of the government of Massachusetts.
B)a majority of colonial citizens became convinced that witchcraft was being practiced in every colony.
C)the Great Awakening began.
D)twenty people were executed either by hanging or by crushing.
E)the governor's wife was executed for witchcraft.
Answer: D
Q3) ____________________ were items that could only legally be shipped to England or another English colony.
Answer: Enumerated commodities

Page 5
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Q1) By mid-eighteenth century,indigo became a second staple crop in
Q2) All of the following British officers remained in America after the Seven Years' War and became generals in the American army during the Revolution except
A)Hugh Mercer.
B)Horatio Gates.
C)Arthur St.Clair.
D)Richard Montgomery.
E)James Wolfe.
Q3) Eliza Lucas Pinckney was
A)a religious leader.
B)responsible for introducing indigo to South Carolina.
C)adopted by Native Americans.
D)killed by Native Americans.
E)the inventor of the cotton gin.
Q4) In the early eighteenth century,Virginia governor Alexander Spotswood used his patronage powers to fill the colonial assembly with his own "placemen."
A)True
B)False

6
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Q1) The group most adversely affected by the passage of the Sugar Act (1764)were
A)Virginia planters.
B)New England merchants.
C)Pennsylvania farmers.
D)New York manorial lords.
E)backcountry traders.
Q2) Pennsylvania vigilantes that attempted to destroy Christian Indians on the western frontier were known as the ____________________.
Q3) Parliament repealed the Stamp Act primarily because of pressure from British merchants and manufacturers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Quartering Act expired quietly in 1770..
A)True
B)False
Q5) The actual monetary loss resulting from the tea destroyed in Boston Tea Party was small.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) British policy regarding the loyalists was
A)well planned and executed.
B)very important to the British war effort.
C)poorly planned and implemented.
D)nonexistent.
E)based on the assumption that they were all spying for the Americans.
Q2) Southern delegates to Congress all opposed the Northwest Ordinance. A)True
B)False
Q3) During the Revolution,about ____________________ percent of slaves fled their owners.
Q4) British ally Joseph Brant was a A)Shawnee.
B)Mohawk.
C)Oneida.
D)Cherokee.
E)Apache
Q5) Charles Lord Cornwallis
Q6) William Howe
Q7) The Federalist
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Q1) John Marshall was
A)completely determined to destroy the Republican party at all costs.
B)interested in establishing the independence and interpretative powers of the federal judiciary.
C)a strong supporter of Adams's war with France and use of the Alien and Sedition Acts.
D)the first Republican appointed to the Supreme Court.
E)an opponent of the expansion of the power of the national government.
Q2) The Hartford Convention declared the secession of the New England states.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans favored
A)promoting the revolutionary concepts of limited government.
B)establishing stronger ties with England instead of France.
C)the economic interests of merchants,bankers,and businessmen.
D)expanding the power of the national government.
E)a national government with no executive leader.
Q4) When the Constitution went into effect in 1789,the capital of the United States was
Q5) The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and
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Q1) Which of the following was not a result of the transformed rural landscape of the Northeast in the 1830s and 1840s?
A)Pastures and cultivated croplands were rare.
B)Forests were reduced.
C)Swamps were drained.
D)Streams and rivers were interrupted by mill dams.
E)Bears,panthers,and wolves disappeared.
Q2) Describe Samuel Slater's importance to industrialization in the United States.
Q3) Improvements in transportation in 1815 tied old communities together and penetrated previously isolated neighborhoods.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In 1790,most rural farmhouses were ____________________ story.
Q5) As a result of the market revolution
A)Americans began to limit the size of their families.
B)distinctions began to be made regarding men's versus women's work.
C)new kinds of work emerged.
D)the nature of housework changed.
E)all of these choices
Q6) The ____________________ first made commercial agriculture possible in the West.
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Q1) The slaveholding senator from South Carolina who stated that "cotton is king" was
Q2) In 1860,the southern slave population was collectively worth
A)$400 million.
B)$900 million.
C)$1.3 billion.
D)$2 billion.
E)$3 billion.
Q3) By 1820 there were roughly ____________________ independent African American churches.
Q4) After 1820,southern state laws universally slaves the right to ____________________.
Q5) In 1860,the value of southern slaves exceeded the investments in banking,railroads,and manufacturing combined.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The international slave trade ended in 1808. A)True
B)False
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Q7) A large group of southern farmers practiced ____________________ farming.

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Q1) The large revivals in the northern United States most affected the values and beliefs of the
A)working class.
B)middle class.
C)upper class.
D)poverty stricken.
E)African Americans.
Q2) Uncle Tom's Cabin portrayed slavery as incompatible with Christianity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Few people read Uncle Tom's Cabin before the Civil War.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During the early nineteenth century,the birthrate among northern middle-class mothers
A)increased.
B)decreased.
C)remained the same.
D)is impossible to determine because few accurate records survive.
E)none of these choices
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Q1) Andrew Jackson's popularity was
A)confined to remote areas of the South.
B)a result of his reputation for calm and peaceful resolution of problems.
C)based in part on his image as a forceful and exciting military hero.
D)dependent upon his avoidance of partisan political disputes.
E)destroyed when he vetoed the Bank.
Q2) The secretary of the treasury who ordered the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States was ____________________.
Q3) Trail of Tears
Q4) The Thomas Proviso opened ____________________ Territory to slavery.
Q5) gag rule
Q6) Author of the Monroe Doctrine was ____________________.
Q7) Jackson's veto message surprised the Bank of the United States' supporters. A)True B)False
Q8) Andrew Jackson supported evangelicals' efforts in 1828 and 1829 to stop movement of the mail on Sundays.
A)True
B)False

Page 13
Q9) In 1828,Andrew Jackson ran strongly in every region but
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Q1) The leading advocate of humane treatment for the insane was ____________________.
Q2) One of the leading crusaders against the use of alcohol was
A)Horace Mann.
B)Lyman Beecher.
C)Stephen Douglas.
D)Lydia Maria Child.
E)Andrew Jackson.
Q3) Black abolitionist ____________________ spoke out against "colonization" efforts for emancipated slaves,claiming they originated more "from prejudice than from philanthropy."
Q4) William Lloyd Garrison viewed slavery as America's greatest national sin.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Democrats believed that because government rested in the hands of imperfect individuals,it had to be limited.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What was the temperance movement? How did it affect American society in the early national period?
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Q1) General Winfield Scott's nickname was
A)"Blood and Guts."
B)"Old Fuss and Feathers."
C)"Grizzly."
D)"Rough and Ready."
E)"Old Hickory."
Q2) Uncle Tom's Cabin was not read in the South.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stephen Watts Kearny
Q4) Discuss Uncle Tom's Cabin and examine its impact on the debate over slavery.
Q5) The Democratic Party took an extreme states'-rights stance in the election of 1848.
A)True
B)False
Q6) With regard to the idea of "popular sovereignty," northerners believed that the decision on slavery should come earlier in a territory's history than southerners did.
A)True
B)False

Page 16
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Q1) Lincoln-Douglas debates
Q2) The Know-Nothing Party was so named because its members were ignorant and uneducated.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The leading advocate for southern rights in the dispute over Kansas was
A)Stephen Douglas.
B)David Atchison.
C)Franklin B.Pierce.
D)Jefferson Davis.
E)Abraham Lincoln.
Q4) The Kansas-Nebraska Act destroyed the Whig Party.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The most important social distinction in the south was A)gender.
B)class.
C)race.
D)religion.
E)political affiliation.

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Q1) Constitutional Union Party presidential candidate John Bell had no chance of winning the election of 1860.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The first Battle of Bull Run is most significant because
A)it revealed how short the war would be.
B)it made the north feel that the war was essentially over and they had won.
C)more Confederates died than Union soldiers.
D)it made Grant stand out to Lincoln.
E)it was a wake-up call to the north that this war would be long and drawn out.
Q3) The only state that Stephen Douglas carried in 1860 was ____________________.
Q4) Compare Northern and Southern advantages and disadvantages at the beginning of the Civil War.
Q5) The south had the capacity to build a strong navy.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Had the Confederacy lost the war in the spring of 1862,the South might have returned to the Union with slavery intact.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) United States Sanitary Commission
Q2) The name of the fee that could be paid by a man who was drafted into the Union army to exempt him from service was referred to as the ____________________.
Q3) Lincoln believed that issuing an emancipation proclamation was a military necessity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) 54th Massachusetts Infantry
Q5) conscription
Q6) Examine both Northern and Southern politics from 1861 to 1865.In what ways did the internal political opposition faced by each government help or hinder the war effort?
Q7) Contraband of war referred to
A)military equipment captured by the Confederacy.
B)escaped slaves.
C)shipments of war material from abroad.
D)stolen food.
E)a secret code.
Q8) ____________________ issued an order freeing the slaves of Missouri in 1861.
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Q1) The agency created to oversee relations between former slaves and their former masters during Reconstruction was the ____________________.
Q2) The Democratic Party policy of intimidating black voters to keep them away from the polls was called ____________________.
Q3) In the 1870s and 1880s the U.S.Supreme Court
A)strengthened the authority of federal officials in prosecuting individuals who violated the civil rights of blacks.
B)declared the military occupation of the South unconstitutional.
C)banned racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations.
D)ordered the desegregation of public schools in the South.
E)declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.
Q4) ____________________ was a construction company for the Union Pacific Railroad that gave congressmen stock in return for land grants and loans from the government.
Q5) universal male suffrage
Q6) Samuel Tilden was probably the real victor in the disputed election of 1876.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Compromise of 1877

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Q1) In 1886,Henry Grady announced the emergence of a modern,progressive,industrialized New South.Discuss Grady's vision,examine the southern economy and assess whether or not the goals of the New South ideology were actually achieved by the turn of the century.
Q2) The Mugwumps were small in number but large in influence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The first cattle trail ended 800 miles north of Texas in ____________________.
Q4) The basic institution of the southern rural economy after the Civil War was the "crop lien system."
A)True
B)False
Q5) The system of credit used in the South by merchants to provide necessary goods on credit in return for profit on a future crop was called the ____________________.
Q6) Compare and contrast the lifestyles and treatment of the Eastern Woodland and Plains Indians.
Q7) The best known and most wide-open cow town in Kansas was
Q8) The man who assassinated President Garfield was ____________________. Page 21
Q9) Plains Indian culture was based on the ____________________.
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Q1) Which union was hurt irrevocably by the Haymarket Square protest?
A)Congress of Industrial Organizations
B)National Labor Union
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)American Federation of Labor
E)Knights of Labor
Q2) The most powerful banker of the late 19 century was ____________________.
Q3) Andrew Carnegie provided money for the construction of 2,500 ____ throughout the country.
A)playgrounds
B)public libraries
C)elementary schools
D)hospitals
E)labor union halls
Q4) Examine labor's attempts to organize workers during the period of industrial transformation.
Q5) The merger movement intensified as the depression lifted.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Populist Party

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Q1) The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)was
A)the largest labor union in the United States.
B)a conservative craft union that advocated collective bargaining agreements.
C)a revolutionary labor union that represented the poorest,most isolated workers.
D)a semireligious organization that promoted class and racial harmony.
E)opposed to the use of strikes.
Q2) The one thing feminism,pluralism and cosmopolitanism all had in common was
A)they all made Americans anxious.
B)they would benefit all Americans equally.
C)none of the presidents paid them much attention.
D)they seem to be overlooked by most Americans.
E)all of these choices
Q3) walking cities
Q4) The least successful fair in American history was the Columbia Exposition.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Contaminated water in Chicago gave way to a(n)____________________ disease outbreak.
Q6) The fastest growing city was ____________________.
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Q1) Although very different,Presidents Roosevelt,Taft,and Wilson each helped to redefine the role of the chief executive in modern democracy.Discuss each president's administration,focusing specifically on the role each carved for himself and for the federal government.What do you think were their greatest accomplishments? Which president,in your opinion,had the most successful administration?
Q2) Which of the following statements best illustrates the ideas contained in Woodrow Wilson's commitment to a "New Freedom"?
A)Give the federal government temporary power in order to dismantle trusts.
B)Give the federal government power to regulate the trusts.
C)Transfer ownership of trust companies to the federal government.
D)Give states more power to regulate business and industry within their borders.
E)Adopt a laissez faire approach to business.
Q3) Julius Wayland's Appeal to Reason published a novel by Upton Sinclair. A)True B)False
Q4) During his 1904 presidential campaign,Theodore Roosevelt promised every American a(n)____________________.
Q5) Hull House
Q6) Northern Securities Company

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22: Becoming a World Power, 1898-1917
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Q1) All of the following were presidents of Mexico except
A)Francisco ("Pancho")Villa.
B)Venustiano Carranza.
C)Victoriano Huerta.
D)Francisco Madero.
E)Porfirio Diaz.
Q2) Woodrow Wilson's policies in Mexico
A)reflected his fear of Mexican self-rule and democracy.
B)were initiated by a desire to protect American investments there.
C)resulted in a fruitful diplomatic relationship with Mexico.
D)reflected his desire to make Mexico an American protectorate.
E)had no impact on Mexican politics.
Q3) In 1906,the ____________________ school board ordered the segregation of Asian schoolchildren,touching off an international crisis with Japan.
Q4) American business owners and manufacturers focused on
A)gaining access to Europe's natural resources.
B)targeting the market of the wealthy on the European continent.
C)lowering the tariff to decrease domestic consumption.
D)restricting the supply of commodities in order to increase demand.
E)aggressively expanding their markets to include Asia.
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Q1) Immigrant Restriction Act
Q2) The main reason for Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points address was to A)gain support for the Treaty of Versailles.
B)convince Americans to buy Liberty Bonds.
C)spur enlistment in the armed forces.
D)convince the Central Powers to surrender.
E)restore the Allies' credibility after publication of their secret wartime treaties.
Q3) The Committee on Public Information's main function was to A)encourage young men to register.
B)raise money for the war.
C)ensure support for the peace treaty.
D)deliver regular updates on the war's progress.
E)raise the level of patriotism and support for the war
Q4) The Committee on Public Information did all of the following except A)send men out to give four minute long speeches.
B)sell war bonds.
C)covered the nation with propaganda posters.
D)placed advertisements in magazines.
E)sponsored exhibitions.
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Q1) An estimated ____________________ percent of workers remained mired in poverty during the 1920s,unable to afford a healthy diet or adequate housing,much less costly consumer goods.
Q2) Modern advertising techniques
A)exploited insecurities and secret desires of consumers.
B)were not effective due to poor-quality graphics.
C)were so vulgar that newspapers banned the ads.
D)demeaned and ridiculed working-class Americans.
E)were not essential to the growth of the consumer economy.
Q3) Herbert Hoover helped to negotiate the Five-Power Treaty.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Calvin Coolidge
A)was a cheerful alcoholic who liked to "carouse" with his friends.
B)believed that the federal government must regulate the economy and control big business.
C)was president when the Great Depression started.
D)was a somber,honest politician who did not socialize with "the boys."
E)significantly raised income and estate taxes.
Q5) consumer durables

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Q1) underconsumption
Q2) Most of the relief money of the Second New Deal went to fund the ____________________.
Q3) One of President Roosevelt's first acts in office was to close all of the nation's banks.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Buying on "margin" meant that
A)stocks could be purchased by paying a percent of the price and borrowing the rest.
B)consumer products could be purchased and paid for on the installment plan.
C)European nations could borrow needed capital from U.S.banks so that their citizens could buy U.S.products.
D)the government could use deficit spending to solve the problems of the depression.
E)farmers could use government loans to finance enterprises.
Q5) Roosevelt's opponent in the 1936 presidential election was
Q6) Approximately ____________________ Mexican immigrants returned to Mexico during the Great Depression.
Q7) fireside chats
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Q1) Poland was a point of great dissension between the Allies in 1945 because of all of the following except
A)the Soviets failed to hold free elections.
B)the Soviets did not relinquish control.
C)the Allies were unclear in their communications with Stalin about their desires for Poland.
D)Americans of Polish descent wanted open immigration for their fellow Poles.
E)The Soviets considered Poland in their sphere of influence.
Q2) Examine the gains made by American women during the Second World War.
Q3) During World War II,Congress
A)abolished the job-creation programs of the New Deal era.
B)extended government subsidies to businesses.
C)saw Republicans gain seats.
D)reduced the budget for national planning
E)all of these choices.
Q4) In ____________________ Congress officially apologized for Japanese internment.
Q5) ____________________ of Japanese American detainees were native-born U.S.citizens.
Q6) East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Q7) Operation Overlord
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Q1) MacArthur and Truman were in complete agreement regarding Korea.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were America's only atomic spies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Henry Wallace agreed with Harry Truman about his containment policies toward the Soviet Union.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Harry Truman's global "____________________" was an intensive informational and psychological offensive that used mass media and cultural exchanges to counter Soviet propaganda.
Q5) The chief author of NSC-68 was ____________________.
Q6) Describe the rise of Joseph McCarthy,the practices of McCarthyism,and its effects on the United States.
Q7) The Soviets were not frightened by the atomic bomb.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Joseph McCarthy
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Q1) Explore the origins of the civil rights movement in the 1950s.
Q2) In The Organization Man,William H.Whyte,Jr.criticized
A)corporate conformity.
B)racial inequality.
C)military spending.
D)government secrecy.
E)poverty in the U.S..
Q3) No one proposed extending the deficit to promote economic growth.
A)True
B)False
Q4) the sit-in movement
Q5) After great deliberation during the Cuban missile crisis of 1962,President Kennedy ultimately ordered Cuba to be
A)bombed.
B)annexed.
C)quarantined.
D)ignored.
E)invaded.
Q6) The Kennedy administration's covert program against Fidel Castro was called
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Q1) The "New Left" organization that launched its political efforts in 1962 with the Port Huron Statement was the
A)Youth International Party (YIPPIES).
B)Students for a Democratic Society (SDS).
C)Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
D)Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
E)Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Q2) Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned in October 1973 after pleading "no contest" to income tax evasion.
A)True B)False
Q3) Lieutenant ____________________ was convicted by a military court for his role in the shootings of more than 200 people in the Vietnamese village of My Lai.
Q4) Nixon's decision to revise the nation's welfare programs came at the urging of his chief adviser on domestic policy,____________________.
Q5) The Communist guerrilla force in Cambodia was called the ____________________.
Q6) Discuss the presidency of Richard Nixon and assess his accomplishments and failures.
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1991,George H.W.Bush referred to Iraq as an "evil empire."
A)True
B)False
Q2) In 1981,Ronald Reagan nominated ____________________ to be the first woman Supreme Court justice.
Q3) ____________________ was head of the CIA when Panama's General Manuel Noriega was recruited as an Agency "asset" during the mid-1970s.
Q4) Between 1970 and 1980,the number of African American families with an annual income of less than $15,000 had ____________________.
Q5) Explore U.S.foreign policy during the Reagan and Bush administrations.
Q6) The first person to become both president and vice president,without having been elected to either position,was
A)Jimmy Carter.
B)Nelson Rockefeller.
C)Richard Nixon.
D)Gerald Ford.
E)Ronald Reagan.
Q7) The Persian Gulf War resulted from Iraq's invasion of ____________________.
Q8) Operation Desert Shield
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Q1) The religious landscape of the United States
A)became almost nonexistent as most Americans do not believe in a higher power.
B)lacked diversity.
C)saw a swing back toward conservative Christianity.
D)became increasingly streamlined.
E)was more diverse than it had ever been before.
Q2) In 2000,____________________ percent of Americans had been born outside the United States.
Q3) ____________________ was able to avoid the scandals that plagued his fellow television evangelists.
Q4) By 2000,it was estimated that the number of Americans practicing Islam had surpassed the number of Americans practicing Judaism,and even those practicing some Protestant denominations such as Presbyterianism.
A)True B)False
Q5) By 2000,92 percent of homes in the United States had cable television. A)True
B)False
Q7) One out of every ____________________ retail workers are employed by Page 35
Q6) By 2000,about ____________________ of all Miamians were of Cuban descent.
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Q1) Characterize the first three years of the Clinton presidency-its goals and objectives in the areas of foreign and domestic policy.
Q2) When the Bush administration launched an attack on Iraq,the United Nations and most major powers refused to back the war effort.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An international furor broke out over American soldiers' treatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During his eight years in office,Bill Clinton signed more than ____________________ trade agreements.
Q5) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Q6) During the 1990s,the income gap between the wealthiest and ordinary workers
A)narrowed to its smallest difference in thirty years.
B)remained about the same throughout the decade.
C)was less than it had been during the Reagan administration.
D)grew steadily wider through the decade.
E)lessened until 1996 when it suddenly grew much wider.
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