Course Introduction
Interpersonal Relations Exam Practice Tests
Interpersonal Relations explores the dynamics of human interactions in both personal and professional contexts. This course examines the psychological, social, and cultural factors that influence communication, relationship building, conflict resolution, and group dynamics. Students will analyze theories of human behavior, learn effective communication strategies, and develop skills to enhance empathy, emotional intelligence, and collaborative problem-solving. Practical exercises, case studies, and reflective activities will help students apply course concepts to real-world situations, fostering healthier and more productive relationships.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 5th Edition by Tom Gilovich
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social psychology can be defined as the ________ study of the ________ of individuals in social situations.
A) rational; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
B) scientific; behaviors
C) scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
D) behavioral; thoughts and feelings
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following studies takes a social neuroscience approach?
A) measuring changes in participants' heart rates in response to receiving negative feedback from a romantic partner
B) measuring changes in participants' heart rates in response to receiving an electric shock
C) measuring changes in participants' brain activations in response to receiving negative feedback from a romantic partner
D) measuring changes in participants' brain activations in response to receiving an electric shock
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Methods of Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) An intervention is a(n)
A) debriefing conducted at the conclusion of an experiment.
B) punishment delivered to a person.
C) effort to change a person's behavior.
D) measure taken by psychologists to minimize bias in study results.
Answer: C
Q2) When random sampling is used,it means that
A) participants are equally likely to be assigned to one condition or another.
B) every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.
C) some members of a population are more likely than others to be selected.
D) participants are assigned to different conditions based on a particular trait or variable.
Answer: B
Q3) What is the purpose of an institutional review board (IRB)? What must the board consider?
Answer: An IRB examines research proposals and makes judgments about their ethical appropriateness.The members of the board must consider both the discomfort and harm caused to participants as well as the value of the scientific information obtained.
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Chapter 3: The Social Self
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Q1) ________ is useful in developing our self-concept,but it can lead us to lose some self-esteem,at least temporarily.
A) Upward comparison
B) Downward comparison
C) Self-affirmation
D) Self-aggrandizement
Answer: A
Q2) Ahmed tends to think of himself as a very creative and confident person.What kind of self-construal is Ahmed demonstrating?
A) an independent self-construal
B) an interdependent self-construal
C) a promotion-focused self-construal
D) a prevention-focused self-construal
Answer: A
Q3) How are self-monitoring and self-handicapping related?
A) They are both forms of social comparison.
B) They are both forms of impression management.
C) They are both forms of self-affirmation.
D) They are both forms of self-verification.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About
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Q1) ________ is the feeling of ease (or difficulty)associated with processing information.
A) Fluency
B) Accessibility
C) Representativeness
D) Applicability
Q2) Give two examples of how order and framing effects influence specific types of judgments.
Q3) ________ are mental shortcuts that provide serviceable but often inexact answers to common judgmental problems.
A) Pluralistic judgments
B) Base rates
C) Mental deliberations
D) Heuristics
Q4) One of the most pervasive sources of distortion in secondhand accounts is
A) schematic vigilance.
B) recovered memories.
C) the desire to entertain.
D) a shortage of accurate information.
Q5) Describe top-down processing and bottom-up processing.
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Chapter 5: Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior
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Q1) Tiesha thinks that she did poorly on her exam because the questions were too hard,but that her friend did poorly because he is not smart.Tiesha's attributions reflect the
A) discounting principle.
B) covariation principle.
C) actor-observer difference.
D) fundamental attribution error.
Q2) According to ________,our confidence that a particular cause is responsible for a given outcome is reduced if there are other plausible causes that might have produced it.
A) plausibility theory
B) the principle of refutation
C) the discounting principle
D) the augmentation principle
Q3) Challenge the position that people within the United States are all equally likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.What aspects of American identity relate to this tendency?
Q4) What is the just world hypothesis? In addition,explain how this hypothesis is relevant to the fundamental attribution error.
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Chapter 6: Emotion
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that touch promotes closeness between friends and relationship partners?
A) Touch is pleasurable.
B) Touch is soothing in times of stress.
C) Touch communicates prosocial emotions.
D) Touch causes the body to create and release estrogen.
Q2) ________ is the tendency to experience more positive emotions than negative emotions and is a key component of happiness.
A) Emotional well-being
B) Life satisfaction
C) Hedonic experience
D) An action tendency
Q3) Emotions such as sympathy,concern,and compassion are triggered by concerns about ________ and motivate prosocial behavior toward people who are vulnerable.
A) fairness
B) harm
C) loyalty/betrayal
D) purity
Q4) Describe how emotions can coordinate action via the modality of touch.
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Chapter 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization
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Q1) Lenora's parents always taught her that she ought to "put on a happy face" even when she is not.According to research on self-perception theory,what effect does this behavior have on her corresponding internal state?
A) It makes her seem like a fake.
B) It works: behaving as if she were happy can actually make Lenora feel happier.
C) It does not work and actually makes some people even unhappier.
D) None of the answer options is correct.
Q2) A(n)________ is an evaluation of an object in a positive or negative fashion. A) attitude
B) behavior
C) rationalization
D) emotion
Q3) Challenge the widely held belief that attitudes accurately predict a person's behavior.
Q4) In what ways does self-perception theory fall short in explaining the relationship between attitudes and behaviors?
Q5) Describe system justification theory.What common observations seem to support this perspective?
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Chapter 8: Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook,which route to persuasion is most likely to lead to long-lasting attitude change?
A) peripheral
B) surface
C) direct
D) central
Q2) Imagine you spend an afternoon watching television and notice that all of the commercials have one common theme: an attractive athlete or actor endorsing a product.Why do advertisers hire attractive people to endorse their products?
A) They have more experience persuading people in their daily lives.
B) They are less susceptible to others' attempts to persuade them.
C) They are seen as less credible than unattractive people.
D) They can increase the persuasiveness of a message through the peripheral route because we are more likely to like and trust them.
Q3) Give two examples of how you could apply research on message characteristics to persuade more people to donate to an international disaster relief effort.
Q4) Define metacognition and describe how it influences persuasion.
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Chapter 9: Social Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The textbook lists several different factors that can influence the pressure to conform.Which of the following is NOT one of the factors listed in the text?
A) group unanimity
B) expertise and status
C) group fame
D) anonymity
Q2) According to the textbook,conformity can be beneficial for society because it
A) encourages people to think hard about every possible action.
B) makes group distinctions more clear.
C) leads to smoother social interactions.
D) makes people more likely to challenge unfair laws.
Q3) People who grow up in a loose culture are ________ likely to find someone who is talking loudly and laughing in a fancy restaurant more ________ than people who grew up in a tight culture.
A) more; persuasive
B) more; inappropriate
C) less; persuasive
D) less; inappropriate
Q4) Define conformity,compliance,and obedience and provide an example of each.
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Chapter 10: Relationships and Attraction
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Q1) Eddie and Leann have been married for ten years.Their friends notice that not only do they look alike,they seem to look more and more alike as time goes on.What factors might explain their increasingly similar appearance?
Q2) Barbara wants Jason,her new coworker,to like her.All of the following could increase the likelihood that Jason will like Barbara EXCEPT
A) being physically attractive in Jason's eyes.
B) disagreeing with Jason so that he will see she can think for herself.
C) working in an office that is closer to Jason's.
D) voicing similar opinions during casual conversations with Jason.
Q3) Using Rusbult's investment model of commitment,describe a hypothetical situation in which someone might stay committed to a romantic partner even though he or she is not very satisfied with the relationship.In your answer,address the role of alternative partners and investments.
Q4) Describe how the evolutionary theory of physical attraction helps explain the fact that many more films depict relationships between older men and younger women than relationships in which the genders are reversed (depicting older women in relationships with younger men).
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Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Q1) How do threats to self-esteem impact people's attitudes toward outgroup members? Provide one example of a relevant study.According to social identity theory,why do self-esteem threats have this effect?
Q2) In one study participants were divided into two groups using the minimal group paradigm.Participants then filled out an attitude questionnaire twice,once to record their own attitudes and once to record how they thought another ingroup or outgroup member might respond.The results showed that participants tended to A) assume that their beliefs were more similar to those of fellow ingroup members than to those of outgroup members.
B) infer ingroup members' beliefs more accurately than outgroup members' beliefs. C) overestimate variability in outgroup attitudes but underestimate variability in ingroup attitudes.
D) assume that ingroup members held more socially desirable beliefs than outgroup members.
Q3) Define modern racism and give an example of one method that researchers have used to measure it.
Q4) Give an example of the outgroup homogeneity effect and explain why it occurs.
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Chapter 12: Groups
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Q1) Explain the role that physiological arousal plays in social facilitation and deindividuation.
Q2) Describe the persuasive arguments and social comparison explanations for why group polarization occurs.
Q3) Research on social ________ suggests that performance ________when novel tasks are performed in the presence of others.
A) facilitation; improves B) facilitation; suffers C) loafing; improves D) loafing; suffers
Q4) Tom finds solving math problems easy.According to the research reviewed in the textbook,when Tom solves math problems in the presence of others (as opposed to alone),his
A) performance is likely to suffer.
B) inhibitions are likely to decrease.
C) performance is likely to improve.
D) fear of negative evaluation is likely to increase.
Q5) Describe the spotlight effect.Then describe an experiment you could conduct that could demonstrate this effect.
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Chapter 13: Aggression
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Q1) Clara,a French citizen,is deciding whether to take a job in Ireland,a country with relatively low income inequality,or the United States,a country with relatively high income inequality.Clara feels strongly that she wants to live in a place where her children are less likely to be bullied.Which country might be a better choice for her in that regard?
A) the United States
B) Ireland
C) Neither country would be a good choice: her children would be likely to be bullied in both.
D) Either country would be a good choice: her children would not likely be bullied in either.
Q2) Describe two characteristics of rape-prone cultures.
Q3) Drawing on research described in the textbook,describe three recommendations you could give to group leaders who are trying to promote peace between two groups with a history of conflict.
Q4) Describe how,and under what circumstances,the presence of guns relates to aggression.
Q5) Explain the connection between social rejection and aggression from an evolutionary perspective.
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Chapter 14: Altruism and Cooperation
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT true concerning the tit-for-tat strategy and how it fared in Robert Axelrod's 200-round prisoner's dilemma tournament?
A) The tit-for-tat strategy won each round when pitted against any other strategy.
B) The tit-for-tat strategy was the best strategy overall against a diversity of other strategies.
C) The tit-for-tat strategy is not exploitable.
D) The tit-for-tat strategy is easy to read.
Q2) According to the textbook,what does being reminded of religion,being poor,and being exposed to violence have in common,which may create a culture conducive to cooperation?
A) Each fosters interdependence.
B) Each fosters independence.
C) Each fosters self-sufficiency.
D) Each causes self-reflection on the important aspects of life.
Q3) How do upper- and lower-class individuals differ when it comes to empathy and altruism,and what accounts for this difference?
Q4) Give an example of how construal processes can influence cooperation.
Q5) Describe the tit-for-tat strategy and evaluate its effectiveness.
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Chapter 15: Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health
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Q1) Describe research that supports the role of perceived control in promoting good physical health.
Q2) Which of the following does the textbook NOT recommend as a means of reducing stress?
A) seeking out stressful situations to stimulate resilience
B) practicing meditation
C) exercising regularly
D) cultivating positive emotions
Q3) What does research suggest about the relationship between close social connections and health outcomes? What factors are believed to explain this relationship?
Q4) Some patients in a nursing home were given opportunities that increased their sense of control.Compared with nursing home patients who did not have these same opportunities,those with an increased sense of control
A) showed improvement in overall functioning.
B) were more likely to refuse opportunities to participate in group activities.
C) showed reduced happiness.
D) showed a decline in physical health.
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Chapter 16: Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio
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Q1) A radio soap opera in Tanzania is designed to combat the spread of HIV.This is an example of
A) incremental intelligence.
B) entertainment-education.
C) value-based education.
D) teaching principles.
Q2) In Rosenthal and Jacobson's (1968)"Pygmalion in the Classroom" study,students whose teachers were told that they were expected to show substantial IQ growth over the course of the year showed ________ during a brief time period.
A) substantial increases in IQ scores
B) substantial decreases in IQ scores
C) no change in IQ scores
D) substantial increases in psychological adjustment, but not IQ scores
Q3) Entertainment-education is based on the work of the learning theorist
A) B. F. Skinner.
B) Nathan Aaronson.
C) Albert Bandura.
D) Philip Zimbardo.
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Chapter 17: Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law
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Q1) Vanessa is part of a jury that has to make a unanimous decision to convict the defendant.Yemaya is part of a jury that can convict the defendant with a two-thirds majority rule.What is likely to differ across Vanessa's and Yemaya's juries?
A) Yemaya's jury is likely to arrive at its verdict faster.
B) Vanessa's jury is likely to arrive at its verdict faster.
C) Vanessa's jury is more likely to convict the defendant.
D) Yemaya's jury is more likely to convict the defendant.
Q2) Research has shown that merely hearing the questions typically asked in the death-qualification part of jury selection tends to bias potential jurors toward conviction,because
A) those jurors are already biased toward conviction before they begin the death-qualification process.
B) the death-qualification questions contain misleading information about the suspect, which changes jurors' opinions.
C) the death-qualification questions contain an implication of guilt, so the jurors are biased into thinking about the suspects as guilty.
D) the death-qualification questions weed out jurors who can be fair, leaving only biased jurors.
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