International Trade and Development
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Course Introduction
International Trade and Development explores the dynamic relationship between global trade and economic development, focusing on how countries interact within the international marketplace. The course examines key theories of international trade, the policies that shape trade flows, and the impact of institutions such as the World Trade Organization. Students will analyze the effects of trade on economic growth, poverty reduction, and inequality, while also considering challenges faced by developing economies in accessing global markets. Case studies will highlight the successes and setbacks of trade-led development strategies, equipping students with an understanding of contemporary debates on globalization, protectionism, and sustainable development.
Recommended Textbook
The World Economy Geography Business Development 6th Edition by Frederick P. Stutz
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Economic Geography: An Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a hegemonic power?
A) the most powerful country in the world
B) a country that controls key energy resources
C) any country with a strong military
D) a collection of allies that pursue common interests
E) a continent that has internal unity
Answer: A
Q2) The guiding imperative in capitalist economies is
A) the means of production.
B) means of transportation.
C) profit.
D) resource allocation.
E) service efficiency.
Answer: C
Q3) The petroleum crises of 1973 and 1979 played a key role in changing the world order created by the U.S.after World War II.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Historical Development of Capitalism
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Q1) What was the primary reason Europeans were proponents of the slave trade?
A) Africans were thought of as little more than chattel.
B) Enslaved people compensated for the labor shortages in the New World brought on by annihilation of Native Americans.
C) Slavery was an outgrowth of the Industrial Revolution, and workers were needed for factories.
D) European traders sailing to the Americas needed any possible cargo they could find, and slavery was the most profitable solution.
E) Cities in the New World needed to be populated, and too few Europeans were voluntarily leaving for the colonies.
Answer: B
Q2) On what is the capitalist class system based?
A) religious rank
B) tradition, family status
C) military rank
D) money and earned status
E) education
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Population
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text,what is the label often attached to children of the baby boomers?
A) John Wayne Generation
B) the "greatest generation"
C) Generation X
D) Millennials
E) the "depressionites"
Answer: C
Q2) When did the population of the earth first reach 1 billion?
A) 1350 B.C.
B) 550 B.C.
C) 250 A.D.
D) 1050 A.D.
E) 1850 A.D.
Answer: E
Q3) Zero population growth is most common among developed countries.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Resources and Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) What region's agricultural land is almost totally developed?
A) Africa
B) Australia
C) South America
D) South Asia
E) All of the above have no land left to expand agriculture.
Q2) Burning ________ releases more pollution than other fossil fuels.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource?
A) carbon dioxide
B) human capital
C) soil
D) timber
E) water
Q4) The world's potentially farmable land is estimated to be about ________ the present cultivated area.
Q5) In the Third World,small,carefully farmed plots are more productive per unit area than large estates.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The primary use of ________ in the U.S.is Power generation.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Theoretical Considerations
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the pattern of the three-stage sequence by which firms have grown in the U.S.?
A) vertical integration (1890s-1919), then horizontal integration (1920s-1940s), followed by diversification (since 1950s).
B) diversification (1890s-1919), then horizontal integration (1920s-1940s), followed by vertical integration (since 1950s).
C) diversification (1890s-1919), then vertical integration (1920s-1940s), followed by horizontal integration (since 1950s).
D) horizontal integration (1890s-1919), then vertical integration (1920s-1940s), followed by diversification (since 1950s).
E) vertical integration (1890s-1919), then diversification (1920s-1940s), followed by horizontal integration (since 1950s).
Q2) What entity is the largest single employer in the United States?
A) Walmart
B) General Motors
C) McDonald's
D) U.S. federal government
E) CitiBank
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Agriculture
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Q1) Farm-family colonies in the middle latitudes of N America,Australia,New Zealand and South Africa differed from plantation colonies in the tropical regions in all of the following ways EXCEPT
A) farm-family colonies depended on farming that produced products for the local market rather than export.
B) settlers in farm-family colonies brought their farming customs with them but often altered them to their new environments.
C) many farm-family colony farms were allocated through the Township and Range System.
D) farm-family colonies did not require substantial settlement by ex-patriots.
E) All of the above are characteristics of farm-family colonies.
Q2) Mixed crop and livestock is the predominate system of agriculture practiced in which of the following regions?
A) Subsaharan Africa
B) Latin America
C) Australia
D) Northern Africa
E) South Asia
Q3) The locations near cities where cattle are fattened in pens are called ________.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Manufacturing
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Q1) Japan's economy is heavily import-oriented.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Characteristics of the steel industry include all of the following EXCEPT
A) it is highly capital intensive.
B) it is highly labor intensive.
C) it relies on huge economies of scale to produce output.
D) it has played an important role in the development of industrialized societies.
E) it involves relatively simple inputs.
Q3) Which Russian manufacturing region contains Odessa,the principal Black Sea all-weather port?
A) Central Region - Moscow
B) Eastern Ukraine Region
C) Volga Region
D) Kuznetsk Basin
E) Urals Region
Q4) The restructuring process characterized by a decline in manufacturing capacity and a massive loss in manufacturing jobs is called ________.
Q5) The largest steel producer in the world is ________.
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Chapter 8: Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among all educational groups,unemployment is highest for those with just a high school diploma.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are characteristics of medical tourists EXCEPT
A) they are individuals and families of modest means.
B) they are protecting assets from medically necessary operations.
C) they are wealthy individuals looking to avoid hefty co-pays.
D) they are typically middle class.
E) all of the above are characteristics.
Q3) Two-thirds of business and professional service jobs in the U.S.are located in A) the suburbs.
B) New York City.
C) large urban areas.
D) dispersed medium-sized cities.
E) California.
Q4) Ownership and control of firms began to first be separated in the mid-1800s.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Services is also known as the ________ sector of the economy.
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Chapter 9: Transportation and Communications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following countries is hardest hit by the "digital divide"?
A) Canada
B) Nigeria
C) Italy
D) Japan
E) Australia
Q2) Wireless technologies have enable more developed countries to "leap-frog."
A)True
B)False
Q3) In which of the following cities would the smallest percentage of residents drive to work?
A) New York City
B) London
C) Paris
D) Tokyo
E) Berlin
Q4) Offices organized by firms where telecommuters may work,facilitating telework but not from the home are called ________ ________.
Q5) The most rapidly diffusing technology in world history is ___ ________.
Q6) The underlying principle of distance decay is the ________ ________
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Chapter 10: Cities and Urban Economies
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Sample Questions
Q1) How has suburbanization affected central cities?
A) Suburbanization has drained people, businesses, tax dollars and wealth from central cities.
B) Suburbanization brings wealth to the entire region, which also helps central cities.
C) Suburbanization has a slightly negative effect on central cities.
D) Suburbanization has had a slightly positive effect on central cities.
E) Suburbanization has had little, if any, effect on central cities.
Q2) What is the primary function of global cities?
A) national capitals
B) command and control centers
C) state or provincial capitals
D) port cities
E) major education centers
Q3) Urban core areas are called CBDs (Central Business Districts).
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cheap land was the most important factor in encouraging suburban sprawl.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Consumption
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Sample Questions
Q1) With which of the following is consumption most closely intertwined?
A) international terrorism
B) democratization
C) urbanization
D) environment
E) production
Q2) Which of the following orderings (going from highest to lowest)is correct with respect to the percentage of U.S.GDP?
A) (1)Government; (2)Consumer purchases; (3)Investment; (4)Foreign trade
B) (1)Investment; (2)Government; (3)Consumer purchases; (4)Foreign trade
C) (1)Investment; (2)Consumer purchases; (3)Government; (4)Foreign trade
D) (1)Consumer purchases; (2)Investment; (3)Foreign trade; (4)Government
E) (1)Government; (2)Consumer purchases; (3)Foreign trade; (4)Investment
Q3) Under the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility,what do utility curves represent?
A) what consumers can do
B) what consumers would like to do
C) what consumers actually do
D) what governments constrain consumers to do
E) what employers limit consumers to do
Q4) In neoclassical economic theory utility means satisfaction.
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Chapter 12: International Trade and Investment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The argument that an artificial division of labor has made earning a good income from free trade difficult for most less developed countries is called competitive advantage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Tax-haven countries are those where taxes on foreign-source income are high.
A)True
B)False
Q3) International flows of the production factors can help to reduce imbalances in the distribution of natural resources.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ability of one country to produce a product at a lower cost than another country is comparative advantage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Most TNCs originate in less developed countries.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: International Trade Patterns
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Q1) Mexico is the chief partner of most Latin American countries.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mumbai is India's Silicon Valley.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ________ ________ contains 2/3 of the world's oil reserves.
Q4) Canada,Mexico,the U.S.and all the countries in the Caribbean are trading partners through NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement).
A)True
B)False
Q5) Under Spanish colonialism,Latin America's role was to provide
A) primary materials.
B) secondary materials.
C) tertiary products.
D) quaternary products.
E) quinary products.
Q6) ________ is the world's third leading trading nation.
Q7) The country of ________ dominates the world in automobile manufacturing.
Q8) The country of ________ ________ is Canada's top trading partner.
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Chapter 14: Development and Underdevelopment in the Developing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Countries that are beginning to make the transition from an agrarian society to an industrial society are known as underdeveloped.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is underemployment?
A) government (artificial) employment
B) people who want to work cannot find jobs
C) people are not adequately trained for advanced jobs
D) people work less than they would like and that skills are underutilized
E) employment that exists because worker output is not maximized, for example three people sweep a street when it would only take one
Q3) Today,the vast bulk of the world's urban growth is in
A) the developed world.
B) the developed world, especially Europe.
C) the developed world, especially North America.
D) the developing world.
E) the developing world, especially in island countries.
Q4) The policies advocated by the International Monetary Fund as requirements for debt restructuring are called ________ ________.
Page 16
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