Chapter 1: Terrorism: First Impressions
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Q1) Osama bin Laden was ______.
A) killed in Afghanistan by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
B) the mastermind behind opposition to the war in Iraq
C) founder of Al-Qa'ida
D) all of these
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following best describes Anders Breivik?
A) He was a famous Bolshevik leader.
B) He is the Unabomber.
C) He is a self-professed right-wing ideologue.
D) All of these.
Answer: C
Q3) Modern terrorists have ushered in a period of "globalized" terrorism, using which of the following?
A) extensive contact with public relations firms
B) advanced communications technologies such as the Internet and cable news outlets
C) establishing diplomatic relations with sympathetic governments
D) all of these
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Nature of the Beast: Defining Terrorism
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Q1) Which of the following statements most accurately describes attributes of extremism?
A) Extremism represents a lunatic fringe.
B) Extremism represents the fertile soil from which terrorism grows.
C) Extremism represents the just indignation of the oppressed of the world.
D) Both "extremism represents a lunatic fringe" and "extremism represents the fertile soil from which terrorism grows."
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding extremism is most accurate?
A) Extremists always live on the margins of society.
B) Some extremists have justifiable grievances against their adversaries.
C) "One person's extremist is another person's neighbor."
D) Extremists clearly understand oppression.
Answer: B
Q3) All extremists are terrorists.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Beginnings: the Causes of Terrorism
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Q1) Briefly explain how many movements with legitimate concerns may evolve to become political extremists.
Answer: Movements with legitimate concerns may evolve into political extremists through a combination of factors. These factors can include a sense of frustration and disillusionment with the current political system's ability to address their concerns, a lack of progress in achieving their goals through peaceful means, and the influence of radical individuals or groups within the movement. Additionally, external factors such as economic instability, social unrest, and perceived injustices can further fuel the radicalization of a movement. As individuals become more radicalized, they may become more willing to resort to extreme and violent tactics to achieve their goals, ultimately leading to the transformation of a legitimate movement into a group of political extremists. It is important for leaders and members of movements to be vigilant and proactive in addressing these factors to prevent the escalation towards extremism.
Q2) Leila Khaled was killed after a short and violent career as a terrorist.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Terror From Above: Terrorism by the State
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Q1) Auto-genocide refers to ______.
A) genocide directed against one's own people
B) genocide that occurs automatically
C) genocide supported by corporate leaders
D) genocide that is being planned but has not yet been carried out
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding death squads in Latin America is most accurate?
A) Death squads have been used in the international war on terrorism.
B) Death squads assisted in the recovery and burial of victims of political violence.
C) Death squads were a product of cult-like opposition to government authority.
D) Death squads were often supported by elites and governments to carry out extra-legal acts of violence.
Q3) What explains the pattern of right-wing governments in Latin America during the Cold War?
Q4) In your opinion, what sort of government was that of Saddam Hussein?
Q5) Are authoritarian measures sometimes justifiable and necessary?
Q6) Vigilante domestic state terrorism is when governments "unleash" their proxies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Terror From Below: Terrorism by Dissidents
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Q1) Which of the following statements regarding violent dissidents is most accurate?
A) Violent dissidents always have a faith in victory that is often unrealistic.
B) Violent dissidents have a clear understanding of the likelihood of success.
C) Violent dissidents are delusional.
D) Violent dissidents never have a chance for victory.
Q2) The PLO was ultimately defeated by Israel.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following movements was among the first to routinely use suicide bombers?
A) the Tupamaros
B) the Red Army Faction
C) the Red Brigade
D) the Tamil Tigers
Q4) Using the case of Chechen violence against Russian interests, critique the new dissident terrorist morality. Are the Chechens fighting on behalf of a just cause? Is their warfighting methodology morally understandable under the circumstances? Explain your answer.
Q5) Briefly discuss the terrorist environment created by Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers.
Q6) Briefly discuss the motivations behind "lone-wolf" acts of political violence.
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Chapter 6: Violence in the Name of the Faith: Religious Terrorism
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Q1) What will be the long-term effect of the Arab Spring on Al-Qa'ida?
Q2) Which of the following statements most accurately explains how participants justify violence in the name of religion?
A) God wills it and will reward those who participate in violence done in the name of the faith.
B) The faith tradition is under attack from nonbelievers and must be defended at all costs.
C) Nonbelievers do not understand the faith tradition, and so they all must be exterminated.
D) Both "God wills it and will reward those who participate in violence done in the name of the faith" and "the faith tradition is under attack from nonbelievers and must be defended at all costs."
Q3) Only Muslims engage in religious terrorism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss whether, in your opinion, an environment has been created for a new generation of Afghan Arabs as a result of the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Q5) Why does Holocaust denial persist?
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Chapter 7: Violent Ideologies: Terrorism From the Left and Right
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Q1) Which of the following statements best summarizes a central tenet of revolutionary anarchism?
A) Propaganda is best made through violent "propaganda by the deed."
B) Revolution is necessary to build a democratic future.
C) A revolutionary party is necessary for leading the people and the creation of a revolutionary environment.
D) Ideally, there must be a disciplined political party, a charismatic leader, glorification of the military, and an organized elite.
Q2) Prior to the end of the Cold War, left-wing terrorism ______.
A) was rare and random
B) occurred frequently in Western democracies
C) occurred frequently in the Soviet Union
D) was primarily religious in nature
Q3) The classical ideological continuum represents which of the following?
A) religious extremism in the modern era
B) radical nationalism in the modern era
C) the political spectrum from the fringe left to the fringe right
D) the continuum of types of national leaders
Q4) Discuss the significance of Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth.
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Chapter 8: Terrorist Spillovers: International Terrorism
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Q1) How has the concept of an international profile greatly expanded the number of potential targets in the modern era?
Q2) The international mujahideen represent an example of ______.
A) an international Marxist insurgency
B) global Islamist extremism
C) nationalist revolutionaries
D) proxies of state terrorism
Q3) Briefly describe Cold War terrorist-networking theory. Compare and contrast this understanding of terrorist networks with the growth of the Al-Qa'ida-like networks.
Q4) In what ways has Al-Qa'ida evolved into a model or an idea rather than an organization?
Q5) International terrorist networks tend to be hierarchical and well-defined. A)True
B)False
Q6) In your opinion, what is the future of international terrorism?
Q7) The spillover effect refers to domestic politics that "spills over" into the international arena.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Emerging Terrorist Environments:
Gender-Selective Political Violence and Criminal Dissident
Terrorism
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Q1) Assuming traditional criminal enterprises are willing to traffic in virtually any commodity if the price is right, what is the potential threat to the international community when they interact with revolutionaries and terrorists?
Q2) Los Zetas in Mexico were originally ______.
A) a prominent drug cartel
B) a minor street gang
C) an elite anti-drug unit of the Mexican military
D) none of these
Q3) At what point does classic criminal activity become terrorism? Describe this transition.
Q4) Some violent extremist movements engage in criminal activity because ______.
A) they benefit from the improved lifestyle derived from their profits
B) successful illegal enterprises are respected and feared
C) it provides them with the ability to support their activities without a state sponsor
D) all of these
Q5) Is it fair to discuss gender-related cultural practices within the contexts of repression and political violence against women?
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Chapter 10: Tools of the Trade: Tactics and Targets of Terrorists
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Q1) Discuss how lone-wolf extremists could plausibly obtain explosive compounds.
Q2) Threats to cybersecurity include which of the following?
A) cyberterrorism
B) cyberattack
C) cyber sabotage
D) both "cyberterrorism" and "cyberattack"
Q3) In what way is "armed propaganda" a weapon?
Q4) The gun and the bomb are traditional terrorist weapons that still predominate in the arsenals of violent extremists. How have these weapons been wielded in the era of the New Terrorism? Explain how the threat from these traditional weapons has evolved in the modern era.
Q5) Typical terrorist objectives include all of the following, except:
A) publicizing the cause.
B) changing the existing order.
C) building alliances with leaders.
D) creating a revolutionary environment.
Q6) Discuss the threat from suicide attacks. In your opinion, why did suicide attacks become a common tactic in some conflicts? What impact has the concept of martyrdom had on such attacks?
Q7) Briefly describe netwar. What is the threat from netwar? Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Information Battleground: Terrorist Violence
and the Role of the Media
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Q1) Al Jazeera is a terrorist propaganda organization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How focused are extremists on achieving media and political attention from their behavior? Describe potential benefits achieved from such attention.
Q3) Media "gatekeeping" refers to ______.
A) regulation of the media in state-regulated systems
B) self-regulation by the free press
C) holding the line on reporting terrorist propaganda
D) none of these
Q4) TWA Flight 847 is an example of media manipulation by terrorist organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the "new media"? How has it revolutionized the delivery of information to targeted audiences in a terrorist environment?
Q6) Describe how organizations such as Lebanon's Hezbollah are effective manipulators of media information.
Q8) Discuss Hezbollah's expertise in manipulating the international media. Page 14
Q7) Briefly discuss the risk of backlash in the reporting of terrorist incidents.
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Chapter 12: The American Case: Terrorism in the United States
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Q1) The Oklahoma City bombing represents the worst example of international terrorism in U.S. history.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In what ways did organizations such as the Weathermen represent examples of vanguard theory?
Q3) The membership of the Weatherman group mostly consisted of ______.
A) young, African American, educated members from urban areas
B) seasoned, older former communists and anarchists
C) young, White, educated members of the middle class
D) largely uneducated street toughs
Q4) Plausible terrorist threat scenarios against the homeland include ______.
A) strikes by international terrorists
B) attacks by homegrown ideological extremists
C) both of these
D) "strikes by international terrorists" but not "attacks by homegrown ideological extremists"
Q5) Briefly discuss the pattern and attributes of Ku Klux Klan terrorism.
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Q6) In your opinion, how extensive have "sleeper" terrorist cells been in the United States? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 13: Counterterrorism: the Options
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Q1) The concept of target hardening is intended to accomplish which of the following?
A) creating better "blast walls" on buildings and other installations
B) deter would-be terrorists from selecting hardened facilities as targets
C) securing the nation's borders
D) create long-term solutions for ending terrorist environments
Q2) Counterterrorism most accurately refers to which of the following?
A) government homeland security principles
B) using extreme violence as a counterpoint to terrorist violence
C) proactive policies that seek to eliminate terrorist environments and groups
D) all of these
Q3) The use of biometric technologies allows federal agencies to store data such as which of the following?
A) iris scans
B) speech verification
C) vascular recognition
D) all of these
Q4) In your opinion, is the use of cyber technology a viable counterterrorist option?
Q5) What is the role of intelligence agencies? How is intelligence collected?
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Chapter 14: A New Era: Homeland Security
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Q1) Are repressive domestic laws an acceptable counterterrorist option? Explain your answer.
Q2) Why has electronic surveillance become a controversial practice in the United States?
A) There exists widespread consensus that increased surveillance is absolutely necessary to thwart terrorist conspiracies.
B) Critics argue that government use can move well beyond legitimate counterterrorist applications.
C) Electronic surveillance technologies are inaccurate.
D) Proponents believe not enough has been done to observe extremists.
Q3) Provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act include which of the following?
A) the use of nationwide search warrants
B) deportation of immigrants who raise money for terrorist organizations
C) the use of roving wiretaps by investigators
D) all of these
Q4) Why do you think many people favor the use of extra-legal options as a counterterrorist option?
Q5) In your opinion, has the United States historically responded proportionately to security threats?
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Chapter 15: What Next the Future of Terrorism
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Q1) Modern surveillance technologies are expected to continue to be used to access which of the following?
A) telephone records and conversations
B) computer communications such as e-mail
C) credit card records
D) all of these
Q2) How will the New Terrorism evolve in the near future?
Q3) Exotic technologies are readily obtainable by terrorists.
A)True
B)False
Q4) This semester we discussed the similarities in outcomes between the American-led occupation of Iraq and the Soviet war in Afghanistan. In what ways could the U.S.-led occupation of Iraq result in similar terrorist environments and threats as did the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan?
Q5) The future use of modern surveillance technologies as a counterterrorist option will likely be expanded.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the threat from exotic technologies.
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