International Relations
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
International Relations is the systematic study of the interactions among states, international organizations, non-governmental entities, and multinational corporations within the global arena. This course introduces key concepts, theories, and frameworks used to analyze issues such as diplomacy, conflict and cooperation, global security, international law, economic relations, and the influence of cultural and ideological factors in world politics. Students will examine the historical development of the international system, explore the roles played by state and non-state actors, and critically assess contemporary global challenges including war, peacekeeping, globalization, human rights, and environmental sustainability.
Recommended Textbook
The Challenge of Democracy American Government in Global Politics 13th Edition by Kenneth Janda
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Chapter 1: Freedom, Order, or Equality
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Q1) A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled a A)socialist.
B)capitalist.
C)totalitarian.
D)libertarian.
E)moderate.
Answer: A
Q2) A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would
A)regulate economic competition to ensure basic fairness.
B)promote fairness for the least-advantaged members of society.
C)take a hands-off attitude toward the economy.
D)regulate the economy in the interest of efficiency and equality.
E)write new legislation creating requirements for businesses.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Majoritarian or Pluralist Democracy
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Q1) The idea that the most important government decisions are made by an identifiable and stable minority that shares certain characteristics -- particularly wealth and business connections -- is called
A)substantive democracy.
B)elite theory.
C)pluralist theory.
D)the interest group model.
E)aristocracy.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following can be considered an institutional mechanism in politics?
A)Interest groups
B)Political parties
C)Legislatures
D)Elections
E)All of these choices may be considered institutional mechanisms in politics.
Answer: E
Q3) Discuss why democratization can be difficult to achieve in different parts of the world,and why there is a strong relationship between economic prosperity and democracy.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 3: The Constitution
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Q1) Including the Bill of Rights,__________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.
A)ten
B)nineteen
C)seventeen
D)fifty-four
E)twenty-seven
Answer: E
Q2) Which state legislature sent no delegates to the Constitutional Convention?
A)Delaware
B)Massachusetts
C)Georgia
D)South Carolina
E)Rhode Island
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Federalism
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Q1) Development of the Common Core education standards was led by the
A)Executive Office of the President.
B)National Governors' Association.
C)U.S. Department of Education.
D)United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
E)American Association of Educators.
Q2) The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v.Lopez was that
A)the Second Amendment forbids any government restriction on the right to bear arms. B)there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.
C)schools are exclusively a state and local responsibility.
D)the right to bear arms extends even to those who are not legal adults.
E)entities of the state do not have ability equal to that of the state itself to successfully challenge national law.
Q3) Compare the attitudes of conservatives and liberals to states' rights.
Q4) Discuss the special challenges faced by state and local governments as a result of the economic downturn in 2008,and ways governments can and did respond to these challenges.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Public Opinion and Political Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the self-interest principle, people tend to
A)choose what benefits them personally.
B)have only a vague notion of how political ideology impacts policy outcomes.
C)misunderstand costs and benefits of different policies.
D)be inflexible in their ideology.
E)select policy options based on their perception of the greatest good for the greatest number.
Q2) Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when
A)community values are consistent with modern culture.
B)schools are involved in socialization.
C)the community is homogeneous.
D)competing values are present.
E)corruption in local government occurs.
Q3) A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of
A)low education and high income.
B)low education and low income.
C)low income and high education.
D)high income and high education.
E)moderate education and moderate income.
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Chapter 6: The Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ are group leaders who follow news in specific areas.
A)Attentive policy elites
B)Demagogues
C)Newshounds
D)Elected officials
E)Policymakers
Q2) Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and Legos to
A)explain the history of their country to children.
B)reach out to illiterate citizens with political messages.
C)make fun of their political leadership.
D)recreate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in a way that will avoid censors. E)communicate with American activists while avoiding the difficulty of the language barrier.
Q3) A 2006 survey found that if the government feels information threatens national security,_______ Americans favor government censorship.
A)almost no
B)about 10 percent of C)about a third of D)about half of E)about two-thirds of
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Chapter 7: Participation and Voting
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Q1) Citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the _________ phenomenon.
A)contacting
B)NIMBY
C)supportive
D)class action
E)unconventional political participation
Q2) Although terrorism is an unconventional political action,it is generally not counted as unconventional political participation because
A)terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it.
B)the acceptability of terrorism varies from culture to culture.
C)terrorism uses fear, not persuasion, as its primary tactic.
D)terrorist acts generally concern international politics, not domestic disputes.
E)terrorism does not use the established institutions of representative government.
Q3) What explanations have researchers suggested for decreasing voter turnout in the United States?
Q4) How does political participation relate to freedom,equality,and order?
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9
Chapter 8: Political Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss two of the ways the electoral college originally undermined presidential-vice presidential party tickets,and how the Twelfth Amendment fixed this problem.
Q2) Research indicates that one important reason for the decline of third-party voting starting in the 1930s may be
A)disenchantment with rules promulgated by the Federal Election Commission restricting who can vote for third parties.
B)realization that issues raised by third parties are always insignificant.
C)leftward drift of the Democratic Party to adopt issues otherwise raised by third parties.
D)voter fraud sabotaging the actual results earned by third-party candidates.
E)belief that the Republican Party was going to have a platform that would accomplish anything a third party would otherwise work toward.
Q3) Explain what a party machine is and how such machines generally lost power over time.
Q4) Summarize the major explanations for why the United States features a two-party system and why it has remained stable for so long.
Q5) Discuss the functions served by political parties in today's political system.
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Chapter 9: Nominations, Elections, and Campaigns
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Q1) Discuss what we know about how voters make choices about which candidates they support.
Q2) Identify the different types of primary elections and describe their impact on elections and political parties.
Q3) An ad that criticizes an opponent and advocates policies of the sponsoring candidate is an example of a(n)__________ ad.
A)negative
B)dilatory
C)flip-flop
D)contrast
E)attack
Q4) A voter who determines which candidate he or she will vote for very early in the campaign most likely has based that decision on
A)the media's perception of the front-runner.
B)the candidate's stand on a particular issue of importance.
C)party identification.
D)the candidate's foreign policy experience.
E)the candidate's projected image.
Q5) Summarize the story of the Florida recount in the 2000 election.
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Chapter 10: Interest Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ defied conventional wisdom regarding political change through a broad and sustained series of protests and unconventional actions.
A)antinuclear movement
B)antilobbying association
C)civil rights movement
D)gun control faction
E)right-to-life association
Q2) What do political scientists know about the relationship between PAC money and votes in Congress?
Q3) Identify and discuss the variables that contribute to ability of interest groups to successfully organize.
Q4) Which of the following potential interest groups would likely be the most difficult to organize for political action?
A)Social welfare recipients
B)Certified public accountants
C)Alumni of a prestigious college
D)Employees of a manufacturing company
E)Retired social security recipients
Q5) Explain the difference between direct lobbying and grassroots lobbying.
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Chapter 11: Congress
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Q1) Over time,political parties in Congress have __________________.
A)become more inclusive of varying ideological perspectives
B)tended to become more and more similar, giving voters fewer legitimate choices
C)shown a remarkable consistency in ideology, with their ideological makeup essentially the same as it was 50 or even 100 years ago
D)become more ideologically cohesive
E)largely abandoned traditional ideological viewpoints
Q2) The text identifies __________ as an important "external source of influence" on Congress.
A)parties
B)the president
C)constituents
D)interest groups
E)All of these choices are true.
Q3) The Senate delay tactic of talking a bill to death is called
A)cloture.
B)logrolling.
C)filibustering.
D)gerrymandering.
E)muckraking.
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Chapter 12: The Presidency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following,which influences a president the most?
A)The Cabinet
B)Congress
C)The White House staff
D)The National Security Council
E)U.S. Supreme Court rulings
Q2) In his effort to respond to the high incidence of sexual assault on college campuses,President Obama
A)relied on the "bully pulpit" to create public interest in the issue and pressure on campuses.
B)filed a lawsuit in a legal action attempting to force colleges to combat sexual assault.
C)created a plan to enforce civil rights law, under the theory that sexual assault is a civil rights issue.
D)initiated a program that then was not followed up effectively and ultimately accomplished nothing.
E)attempted to coax Congress into taking action through appropriate legislation.
Q3) Discuss the expansion of presidential power that took place during the Lincoln administration and the Civil War.
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Chapter 13: The Bureaucracy
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Q1) Implementation of policies is often difficult because of all but which of the following reasons?
A)The policy to be carried out is not always clearly stated.
B)Policy directives to bureaucrats sometimes leave them with too much discretion.
C)Implementation involves many different agencies and layers of government.
D)Public policy problems can be extremely complex.
E)After policies are implemented, they must still undergo the development stage.
Q2) Presidents can exert considerable influence over agency policymaking by
A)appointing administrators sympathetic to their policy goals.
B)requiring agencies to submit draft regulations to a White House office.
C)announcing surprise audits of agency budgets.
D)putting pressure on agency heads to fire civil servants who defy the president's wishes.
E)appointing administrators sympathetic to their policy goals and requiring agencies to submit draft regulations to a White House office.
Q3) Describe the process through which executive agencies exercise their administrative policymaking authority.
Q4) Describe what the Pendleton Act (1883)was,and how it helped reduce patronage.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Courts
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Q1) _______________ is a Supreme Court justice's most critical function.
A)Public speaking to explain the law to the public, thereby building support for the American legal system,
B)Arguing persuasively in the Court's weekly conferences
C)Asking probing questions during oral arguments
D)Consulting with lawyers who subsequently submit briefs to the Court
E)Opinion writing
Q2) Judicial interpretation of the law means that judges,in effect, A)make policy.
B)are truly independent.
C)are not influenced by their own individual values and beliefs.
D)will rarely disagree when writing their opinions.
E)All of these choices are true.
Q3) The U.S.Supreme Court has decided that warrantless searches of curbside garbage A)violate the constitutional prohibition on unreasonable search and seizure.
B)are a matter for state legislatures to decide.
C)have not been frequent enough to justify a decision by the highest court in the land.
D)do not violate the Constitution.
E)are not a contributor to the war on terror.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Order and Civil Liberties
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Q1) The Supreme Court declared prayer in public schools unconstitutional in A)Minersville School District v. Gobitis.
B)West Virginia State Board v. Barnette.
C)Engel v. Vitale.
D)Epperson v. Arkansas.
E)Near v. Minnesota.
Q2) The statements that police are required to make to a person before that person may be subjected to in-custody questioning are known as A)cross-examination.
B)exclusionary rules.
C)interrogations.
D)jailhouse rights.
E)Miranda warnings.
Q3) Discuss the three prongs of the Lemon test,and give an example of a Supreme Court case that applied it.
Q4) What are the Miranda warnings?
Q5) Explain how the Supreme Court interpreted the Ninth Amendment to decide the Griswold v.Connecticut case.
Q6) Summarize the difference between civil liberties and civil rights.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Equality and Civil Rights
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Q1) In 2003,the Supreme Court revisited the use of affirmative action by the University of Michigan and ruled that
A)race could not be used under any circumstances as a consideration in admitting students.
B)race could not be used by any public college or university, but could be considered by private colleges and universities.
C)persistent patterns of social discrimination still legitimized the use of race as a "plus factor" when deciding to admit students.
D)a school's interest in diversity permitted the use of race as one factor in university admissions, as long as all applicants were judged individually on their merits.
E)race could only be used as long as a fixed system was employed, such as adding a predetermined number of points to an applicant's score, a method that minimized arbitrary discretion by admissions offices.
Q2) Outline the recent up-and-down history of the legality of gay marriage in the state of California.
Q3) What were the major provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Economic Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of spending planned in President Obama's FY 2015 budget,about ____ percent can be classified as uncontrollable or relatively uncontrollable.
A)15
B)25
C)45
D)65
E)85
Q2) The __________ supervises the development of the president's budget.
A)Council of Economic Advisers
B)comptroller general
C)Federal Reserve Board
D)Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
E)Budget Control Board
Q3) One famous monetarist theorist is Nobel Laureate
A)John Maynard Keynes.
B)Friedrich Hayek.
C)Karl Marx.
D)Alan Greenspan.
E)Milton Friedman.
Q4) Describe the process through which the U.S.budget is developed and passed.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Policymaking and Domestic Policy
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Q1) A government policy that discourages particular behavior,such as a tax on pollution,is also known as a(n)
A)incentive.
B)disincentive.
C)compromise.
D)regulation.
E)permissive.
Q2) American unemployment reached _____ percent by 1933,in the depths of the Great Depression.
A)5
B)10
C)25
D)50
E)65
Q3) As of 2012,roughly ___________ percent of Americans had no health insurance. A)2.2 B)9.7 C)15.4 D)23.1 E)31.2
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