Integrative Physiology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Integrative Physiology is the study of how various physiological systems and processes interact to maintain homeostasis and support complex functions in living organisms. This course emphasizes the interconnections between cellular, organ, and system-level mechanisms, exploring how the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems work together to adapt to internal and external challenges. Through a combination of lectures, case studies, and practical exercises, students will develop a holistic understanding of human physiology, examining both normal function and the physiological basis of common diseases.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Animal Physiology 3rd Edition by Christopher D. Moyes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
1153 Verified Questions
1153 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2204 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiological Principles
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43868
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about phenotype?
A)After an initial development period,phenotype of an organism is static.
B)Phenotype is affected by organization at the biochemical level only.
C)Altering phenotype allows an organism to change its physiological response.
D)Genotype may influence phenotype,but phenotype never affects genotype.
Answer: C
Q2) The phenotypic expression of a genotype can be altered by
A)developmental processes.
B)environmental conditions.
C)physiological conditions.
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Animal physiology is the study of
A)how structures allow animals to function.
B)the chemical reactions found in animals.
C)the genetic lineage seen in the evolution of animals.
D)migratory patterns of animals.
Answer: A
Q4) Factors that generate opposite effects on a pathway are termed __________.
Answer: antagonistic controls
3
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Physiological Evolution of Animals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43869
Sample Questions
Q1) Gans's and Northcutt's "new head" hypothesis proposes that A)vertebrates have a diffuse nerve sensory system.
B)more complex teeth in the head evolved in response to a more predatory lifestyle. C)the success of vertebrates was linked to specializations of the head.
D)B and C
Answer: C
Q2) Only certain organisms possess gene variants that are able to exchange Na for K ,thus making the Na /K ATPase unique to A)animals.
B)fungi.
C)plants and animals.
D)fungi and plants.
Answer: A
Q3) Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is produced only in ____________.
Answer: tetrapods
Q4) ____________ are often called extremophiles,because they can survive in some of the harshest environments on earth.
Answer: Archaea
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43870
Sample Questions
Q1) The ratio between oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production is termed the
Answer: respiratory quotient
Q2) Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between DNA,RNA,and transcription factors?
A)There is only one transcription factor for each region of DNA encoding RNA.
B)Transcription factors must always bind close to the transcription start site.
C)Phosphorylation is one way of regulating interactions between proteins required for transcription of DNA.
D)Transcription factors carry out the process of transcription themselves.
Answer: C
Q3) Lipids used as a major component of biological membranes include A)phospholipases.
B)sphingolipids.
C)free fatty acids.
D)both A and B
Answer: B
Q4) Winding DNA around __________ serves two major purposes: protection and compression.
Answer: histones
5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43871
Sample Questions
Q1) The G-protein-coupled receptors are a diverse family with this common feature.
A)They are activated when a kinase molecule phosphorylates them.
B)They are activated when GTP is released from the G protein.
C)They are activated when GTP binds to the G protein.
D)They are activated when the subunit binds to the and subunits.
Q2) The hypothalamic-pituitary portal system transports blood and neurohormones between the
A)hypothalamus and the heart.
B)hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (after returning to the heart).
C)hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary.
D)hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.
Q3) There is a tremendous variety of signal transduction pathways with a wide range of functions.However,all these pathways have some things in common.Discuss some of these common features.
Q4) Peptide hormones (chains of 50 or fewer amino acids)are first synthesized as A)the hormone itself.
B)prehormones.
C)prohormones.
D)preprohormones.
Q5) A G protein with no known ligand or function is termed an __________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Neuron Structure and Function
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43872
Sample Questions
Q1) There are some neurotransmitters,such as acetylcholine,that are used extensively throughout the nervous system.Yet a single type of neurotransmitter can have multiple effects.How is this possible?
Q2) Axodendritic synapses are composed of __________ for the presynaptic cell and __________ for the postsynaptic cell.
A)axons;axons
B)dendrites;axons
C)axons;dendrites
D)axons;cell somas
Q3) You have isolated two neurons,joined by a synapse,in a Petri dish.You have stimulated the first neuron at the axon hillock and successfully generated an action potential.However,there is no response by the postsynaptic neuron.Describe possible malfunctions in synaptic transmission that would prevent the postsynaptic neuron from responding as it should.
Q4) Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells wrap themselves around neuronal processes,forming __________,a substance that increases conduction rates and decreases current leak.
Q5) When a cell __________,the charge difference between the intracellular and extracellular fluids decreases.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Cellular Movement and Muscles
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43873
Sample Questions
Q1) A single skeletal muscle cell is referred to as a A)cardiomyocyte.
B)sarcomyocyte.
C)myofibril.
D)myofiber.
Q2) Which myosin isoform is found in fast-twitch muscle?
A)perinatal
B)extraoccular
C)type I
D)type IIb
Q3) Muscle fiber types can be changed in response to A)activity levels.
B)temperature.
C)thyroid hormone levels.
D)all of the above
Q4) The term ______________ refers to the time in each cross-bridge cycle that myosin is attached to actin.
Q5) When microfilaments remain the same size by increasing length on one end and decreasing their length on the other,we say they are __________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Sensory Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43874
Sample Questions
Q1) Why is vision sharpest in the fovea?
A)It has more rods.
B)It has more cones.
C)There is less interference with overlying cells.
D)It contains the focal point.
Q2) A sensory illusion called paradoxical cold happens when a point heat stimulus is applied to a cold patch of skin,and is perceived as cold,not hot.This illusion happens due to
A)labeled-line pathways.
B)population coding.
C)both heat and cold receptors on the same sensory neuron.
D)lateral inhibition.
Q3) The organ of the inner ear of mammals that contains the hair cells is called the __________.
Q4) In vertebrates,olfactory receptor cells are bipolar sensory neurons,but taste receptor cells are __________.
Q5) Researchers are trying to determine the cause of circadian rhythm disruption in modern societies.They measured the hormone ________________ ,which is associated with sleep-wake cycles in humans.Levels of this hormone are high at night and lower during the day.
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Functional Organization of Nervous Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43875
Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ nervous system is most active during periods of stress or physical activity,while the __________ nervous system is most active during periods of rest.
A)sympathetic;parasympathetic
B)parasympathetic;sympathetic
C)voluntary;involuntary
D)parasympathetic;enteric
Q2) The somatosensory cortex and primary motor cortex are organized __________.That is,each part of the cortex corresponds to the specific part of the body that it governs.
Q3) The hormone _______________ is secreted by the pineal gland.
Q4) Invertebrates possess a
A)solid ventral nerve cord.
B)hollow ventral nerve cord.
C)solid dorsal nerve cord.
D)hollow dorsal nerve cord.
Q5) List five ways that efferent motor pathways can be distinguished from autonomic pathways.
Q6) An increase in a response following exposure to a strong or noxious stimulus is called __________.
Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Circulatory Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43876
Sample Questions
Q1) Fish hearts consist of __________ chambers arranged in a series.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
Q2) Which of the following possibilities is incorrect? During the mammalian cardiac cycle,the right ventricle contracts less forcefully than the left because
A)the distance the blood must travel is shorter.
B)of the low total resistance of the pulmonary circuit.
C)the blood vessels of the lungs are delicate.
D)the capillary bed offers high resistance.
Q3) What are the five major types of leukocytes in vertebrate blood,and what are their functions?
Q4) Based on the law of bulk flow,what is the unit for "flow"?
A)volume
B)volume/time
C)time
D)force/area
Q5) The term for a decrease in heart rate is __________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Immune Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43877
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best describes how humans are infected by the malaria parasite?
A)In the hemolymph of the mosquito,the gametocytes mature,migrate to the salivary glands,and are injected into the host when the mosquito feeds.
B)In the mosquito's digestive tract the parasite produces oocysts,which migrate to the salivary glands,and are injected into the host when the mosquito feeds.
C)In the mosquito's digestive tract the parasite produces gametocytes,which migrate to the salivary glands,and are injected into the host when the mosquito feeds.
D)In the mosquito's digestive tract the parasite develops into infective sporozoites,which travel to the salivary glands,and are injected into the host when the mosquito feeds.
Q2) Immunoglobulin diversity arose through gene ________________.
Q3) _______________ genes are found in both plants and animals,suggesting an ancient evolutionary history.
Q4) Describe the three fundamental features of cells of the innate immune system.
Q5) Malaria is caused by a parasite belonging to the genus ________________.
Q6) __________________ alert immune cells of the presence of a pathogen.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Respiratory Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43878
Sample Questions
Q1) Draw and explain the sigmoidal shape of the oxygen equilibrium curve for vertebrate hemoglobin.In your drawing,be sure to label your axes.
Q2) In vertebrates,most of the bicarbonate in the blood is carried in the A)plasma.
B)red blood cell.
C)carbaminohemoglobin.
D)metabolon.
Q3) Air enters the tracheae of insects through the A)spiracles.
B)ostia.
C)madreporite.
D)buccal cavity.
Q4) In terms of the ideal gas law,if the temperature increases and the volume is not fixed,then
A)pressure increases.
B)concentration decreases.
C)volume decreases.
D)gas constant increases.
Q5) Slowing the heart rate during a dive is called __________.
Q6) Describe four ways in which vertebrate gills and lungs are similar.
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Locomotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43879
Sample Questions
Q1) In most animals,the organization of muscles and bones of locomotion into a system of levers
A)confers significant mechanical advantage.
B)increases the range and velocity of movement.
C)is functionally analogous to a wheelbarrow-type lever.
D)is functionally analogous to a crowbar-type lever.
Q2) Describe the organization of the muscles of the mantle of a squid and the mechanism of jet propulsion.
Q3) True flight first arose in A)bats. B)birds.
C)insects.
D)reptiles.
Q4) An important step in the recovery process of skeletal muscle is the removal of __________ that accumulates from the result of anaerobic glycolysis.
A)acetate
B)lactate
C)pyruvate
D)urea
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Ion and Water Balance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43880
Sample Questions
Q1) At the glomerulus,the osmotic pressure that arises because of the protein concentration gradient is known as the __________ pressure.
Q2) The role of the loop of Henle is to produce
A)hyperosmotic urine.
B)isosmotic urine.
C)hyposmotic urine.
D)filtered urine.
Q3) An animal that excretes most of its nitrogen in the form of uric acid is called a __________.
Q4) Aldosterone stimulates Na absorption and K excretion in the kidney.This happens because
A)the cell transcribes and translates more ion transporters to be inserted in the membrane.
B)preformed ion transporters are translocated to the membrane.
C)phosphorylation of existing ion transporters increases their permeability.
D)All of the above are possible.
Q5) What information have conservation physiologists uncovered about possible reasons that some sockeye salmon breed successfully while others are unsuccessful at reproduction?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Digestion and Energy Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43881
Sample Questions
Q1) In vertebrates,early starvation is characterized by utilization of stored _____________ and ___________ to meet the metabolic needs of tissues.
Q2) Which of the following generally passes through the GI tracts of animals undigested?
A)glycogen
B)disaccharides
C)cellulose
D)proteins
Q3) __________ is a hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates appetite.
A)Gastrin
B)Ghrelin
C)Leptin
D)Secretin
Q4) The main metabolic effects of obesity include all but which one of the following?
A)high blood pressure
B)insulin resistance
C)low blood glucose levels
D)low HDL
Q5) Describe the process of the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Thermal Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43882
Sample Questions
Q1) The central thermostat of birds appears to reside in the A)atrial wall.
B)adrenal cortex.
C)hypothalamus.
D)spinal cord.
Q2) The ability to produce endogenous body heat is known as A)metabolic hyperthermy.
B)mesothermy.
C)thermogenesis.
D)oxidative metabolism.
Q3) The exchange of thermal energy between an animal and its environment can occur by
A)conduction and convection.
B)radiation.
C)evaporation.
D)all of the above
Q4) What is BAT and what role does it play in animal physiology?
Q5) Cells can remodel their membranes to preserve fluidity in a process known as __________ adaptation.
Page 17
Q6) __________ is the ability to generate and maintain elevated body temperatures.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Reproductive Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43883
Sample Questions
Q1) Vitellogenin is a phospholipoprotein produced by the A)follicle cells.
B)insect fat body.
C)vertebrate liver.
D)all of the above
Q2) Driven by the __________ surge,the post-ovulation follicle undergoes a change in structure to develop into the corpus luteum.
A)FSH
B)LH
C)CG
D)progesterone
Q3) The term _____________ describes the mating system where the offspring from a single litter or clutch was sired by different males.
Q4) In addition to its effects in milk production,prolactin plays a role in
A)calcium metabolism.
B)gamma globulin biosynthesis.
C)uterine contractions.
D)maternal behavior.
Q5) In serial hermaphroditism,__________ animals are initially males.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18