Innovation and Technology Policy
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the formulation, implementation, and impact of public policies designed to foster technological innovation and economic growth. Students will examine the roles of government, industry, and research institutions in shaping innovation systems at national and international levels. Key topics include intellectual property rights, research and development incentives, technology transfer, regulatory frameworks, and emerging trends in digital transformation and sustainability. Through case studies and comparative analysis, students will develop a nuanced understanding of how policy interventions can drive innovation, address societal challenges, and influence global competitiveness.
Recommended Textbook
Strategic Management of Technological Innovation 4th Edition by Melissa A. Schilling
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13 Chapters
642 Verified Questions
642 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The innovation process is often conceived of as a funnel,because most potential new product ideas make it through the development process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Explain how the globalization of markets affects the importance of innovation.
Answer: The increasing importance of innovation is due in part to the globalization of markets.Foreign competition has put pressure on firms to continuously innovate in order to produce differentiated products and services.Introducing new products helps firms protect their margins,while investing in process innovation helps firms lower their costs.
Q3) According to the concept of the innovation funnel,one new idea is usually responsible for several new products.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Sources of Innovation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for the science-push approach to research and development?
A) Customers express an unmet need, R&D develops the product to meet that need, the product is manufactured, and finally the marketing team promotes the product.
B) Scientific discovery leads to an invention, the engineering team designs the product, it is manufactured, and finally the marketing team promotes it.
C) Marketing discovers a need, R&D comes up with the product concept which is refined by engineering, the manufacturing team produces it, and finally the product is sold.
D) Manufacturing sees a way to improve a product, the engineering team redesigns it, and finally the marketing team creates awareness about the improved product.
Answer: B
Q2) The terms research and development represent different kinds of investment in innovation-related activities.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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4
Chapter 3: Types and Patterns of Innovation
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Q1) Which of the following is considered a radical innovation?
A) Introducing a range of cell phones with different colors and patterns on the cover.
B) Reducing the size and weight of a cell phone, to make it more compact and easier to carry.
C) Developing a cell phone that allows customers to scan the prices of the products in stores and make payments for their purchases.
D) Increasing the clarity of a cell phone's camera by replacing the three megapixel camera with a five megapixel camera.
Answer: C
Q2) Donald is always ready to buy recently-launched gadgets and gizmos.Since he has sufficient financial resources to invest in these products,he is unconcerned about the risks and uncertainties involved in buying new products.Based on this description,Donald belongs to the group of:
A) early majority.
B) early adopters.
C) innovators.
D) laggards.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Standards Battles and Design Dominance
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Sample Questions
Q1) In industries characterized by network externalities,the value of a technological innovation to users will be a function only of its stand-alone benefits and cost.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When an industry has network externalities,the value of a good to a user is more likely to go up linearly rather than increase in an s-shape.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Products that have a large installed base are likely to attract more developers of complementary goods.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When are winner-take-all markets good for consumers?
A) When monopoly costs exceed the value of network externality returns.
B) When monopoly costs exceed the value of technological utility.
C) When the monopoly cost curve is extremely steep.
D) When the value of technology utility and network externality returns exceeds monopoly costs.
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6
Chapter 5: Timing of Entry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early followers enter the market only after a product begins to penetrate the mass market.
A)True
B)False
Q2) New innovations typically tend to:
A) be adopted very slowly at first.
B) have a rapid initial takeoff.
C) provide high sales revenue when they are first introduced.
D) be adopted as soon as they are introduced.
Q3) The tendency of existing firms to be slow to respond to changes in the industry environment due to their large size,established routines,or prior strategic commitments to existing suppliers and customers is known as:
A) monopoly costs.
B) path dependency.
C) incumbent inertia.
D) technology trajectory.
Q4) Early leaders are firms that are the first to enter the market.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Defining the Organizations Strategic Direction
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Q1) According to Porter's five-force model,the degree to which a firm relies on one or a few suppliers will influence its ability to negotiate good terms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Path dependency refers to those abilities that make a firm more agile and responsive to change.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Recently,three cell phone companies announced the addition of a nationwide "walkie-talkie" service to supplement their regular cell phone service.Will this be a sustainable competitive advantage? Justify your answer.
Q4) Allure Fabrics supplied cotton,linen,and silk fabrics to various designer wear boutiques in and around Florida.The firm recently launched a boutique in Florida,under its brand name,which sells women's fashion apparel.Allure Fabrics is practicing:
A) forward vertical integration.
B) backward vertical integration.
C) horizontal integration.
D) substitution.
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8
Chapter 7: Choosing Innovation Projects
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Q1) Dayton Regional Medical Center has decided to build a new wing for its outpatient services.Dayton wants to know which services are important to its patients in this new wing.Do they prefer large waiting rooms for family members or small rooms adjacent to recovery rooms? Do they prefer patient advocates to keep them informed or would nurses be better? What technique would be appropriate to come up with weights and tradeoffs for these types of services? Explain why you consider the technique to be most appropriate.
Q2) While the value of a stock is independent of the call holder's behavior,the value of an R&D investment is not independent of the investor's behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the _____ method,in order to establish scales of customer preferences,individuals in a group are each given a stack of cards with an object or idea on each card.
A) derivative
B) conceptual
C) DEA
D) Q-sort
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Chapter 8: Collaboration Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Easymake Webmakers Co.developed new Web designing software to build Web pages for its clients.However,Easymake soon realized it could make more money by selling this software to others wishing to quickly build Web pages to sell their products.Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for Easymake?
A) It should not sell the Web designing software as it will give rise to competition on the Internet.
B) It should become a licensor of the new Web designing software.
C) It should become a licensee of the new Web designing software.
D) It should make the Web designing software available to users as open source software.
Q2) Collective research organizations can take the form of trade associations. A)True
B)False
Q3) Some collaboration agreements include provisions for periodic auditing either by the partner organizations or a third party.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the disadvantages of licensing?
Q5) What are the characteristics of collective research organizations?
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Chapter 9: Protecting Innovation
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Q1) Discovery of scientific principles that pertain to natural laws can be patented.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Titles and names can be copyrighted.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The difference between patents and copyrights is that:
A) copyrights can last as long as the copyrighted work is in use, but the registration requires periodic renewal.
B) copyright protection is secured automatically when an eligible work is created and fixed in a copy.
C) patents are a form of protection granted to works of authorship.
D) patents are established by legitimate use of the patented invention.
Q4) If multiple firms benefit from a technology's success,the developer of that technology has a much greater incentive to invest in further developing the technology.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a trademark? How can the rights to a trademark or service mark be established?
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Chapter 10: Organizing for Innovation
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of standardization?
A) It can ensure that activities within the firm run smoothly and yield predictable outcomes.
B) It is defined as the degree to which the firm utilizes rules, procedures, and written documentation to structure the behavior of employees.
C) It involves the use of organic structures, instead of mechanistic ones.
D) It encourages the creativity and experimentation that leads to innovative ideas.
Q2) Since much innovation arises from experimentation and improvisation,the _____ organization structure is typically considered better suited to creativity and innovation.
A) mechanistic
B) formalized
C) standardized
D) organic
Q3) Managers choose a local-for-local approach to innovation when they have a strong desire to control the evolution of a technology.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Managing the New Product Development Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the value of the stage-gate process in new product development.
Q2) Firms often make decisions about projects on the basis of marketing criteria.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was developed in Germany.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Josh is the executive vice president of a bank.Recently the president of the bank asked Josh to use his influence to ensure that the online banking project was developed and implemented.Paul is being asked to be a:
A) devil's advocate.
B) project champion.
C) entrepreneur.
D) mentor.
Q5) Using computer-aided design (CAD) to build and test product design increases cycle time.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What are the risks of championing? Page 13
Q6) What is Quality Function Deployment (QFD)? What are its advantages?
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Managing New Product Development Teams
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Q1) At Tech Edge Inc.,a special team is set up for making a robot capable of assisting blind people in daily activities.The members of the team are taken from various areas of the firm including R&D,marketing,manufacturing,and distribution.The new team is put under the charge of a senior manager.This team is an example of a:
A) cross-functional team.
B) functional team.
C) homogenous team.
D) self-directed work team.
Q2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a heterogeneous new product development team?
Q3) Managers of lightweight teams are normally junior or middle management employees.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A cross-functional team is one that has members of different ethnic backgrounds in a single functional area.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Crafting a Deployment Strategy
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Q1) Speeding Horse Inc.,the leader in the video game console market,is making its new generation consoles backward compatible with its previous games.This means that:
A) it is giving away its own installed base or complementary goods advantages to competitors.
B) it is providing a significant incentive to the owners of its previously developed consoles and games.
C) the transition of customers through product generations will become difficult.
D) a large range of complementary goods of the previous generations, mainly the games, will lose its existing value and utility.
Q2) When Pearl Love introduced its new range of body wash,consumers switched from using soaps,sold under the same brand,to its new body wash.As a result,the company experienced a sharp drop in its soap sales.This is best known as:
A) cannibalization.
B) the vampire effect.
C) the halo effect.
D) vaporware.
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