Information Technology Fundamentals
Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Information Technology Fundamentals provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts and principles of IT, including computer hardware, software, operating systems, networking, data management, and security. The course covers the essential building blocks of modern information systems and explores how technology underpins business processes and daily life. Students will gain hands-on experience with commonly used applications, understand the role of the Internet and cloud computing, and develop problem-solving skills essential for further study and careers in IT.
Recommended Textbook Network+ Guide to Networks 5th Edition by Tamara Dean
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15 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Networking
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ networks are the most popular type of network for medium- and large-scale organizations.
A) Client/server
B) Peer-to-peer
C) Stand-alone
D) Stationary
Answer: A
Q2) A ____ network is confined to a relatively small space.
A) NAN
B) MAN
C) WAN
D) LAN
Answer: D
Q3) Hands-on experience to improve networking hardware and software skills is important when attempting to enter the networking field.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The part of a network to which segments and significant shared devices connect.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Network Standards and the OSI Model
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Sample Questions
Q1) A professional membership society that helps to establish technical standards for the Internet.
Answer: D
Q2) A network's ______________________________ represents the largest data unit the network will carry.
Answer: MTU (maximum transmission unit) maximum transmission unit MTU
Q3) Define and describe sequencing.
Answer: Sequencing is a method of identifying segments that belong to the same group of subdivided data.Sequencing also indicates where a unit of data begins,as well as the order in which groups of data were issued and,therefore,should be interpreted.While establishing a connection,the Transport layer protocols from two devices agree on certain parameters of their communication,including a sequencing scheme.For sequencing to work properly,the Transport layer protocols of two nodes must synchronize their timing and agree on a starting point for the transmission.
Q4) ____________________ protocols establish a connection with another node before they begin transmitting data.
Answer: Connection oriented
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Chapter 3: Transmission Basics and Networking Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the makeup of fiber-optic cable.
Answer: Fiber-optic cable,or simply fiber,contains one or several glass or plastic fibers at its center,or core.Data is transmitted via pulsing light sent from a laser (in the case of 1and 10-Gigabit technologies)or an LED (light-emitting diode)through the central fibers.Surrounding the fibers is a layer of glass or plastic called cladding.The cladding has a different density from the glass or plastic in the strands.It reflects light back to the core in patterns that vary depending on the transmission mode.This reflection allows the fiber to bend around corners without diminishing the integrity of the light-based signal.Outside the cladding,a plastic buffer protects the cladding and core.Because the buffer is opaque,it also absorbs any light that might escape.To prevent the cable from stretching,and to protect the inner core further,strands of Kevlar (a polymeric fiber)surround the plastic buffer.Finally,a plastic sheath covers the strands of Kevlar.
Q2) Transmission that issues signals to multiple,defined recipients.
Answer: I
Q3) The use of 1s and 0s to represent information is characteristic of a(n)____________________ system.
Answer: binary
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Chapter 4: Introduction to TCP/IP Protocols
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Sample Questions
Q1) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)reports on the success or failure of data delivery.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In IPv4 addressing,eight bits have 256 possible combinations.Only the numbers 1 through 254 can be used to identify networks and hosts in an IP address.Explain what the number 0 and the number 255 are used for in IPv4 addressing.
Q3) Whether connecting to the Internet or to another computer within a LAN,every node on a network must have a unique ____________________.
Q4) ____ is more efficient than TCP for carrying messages that fit within one data packet.
A) IP
B) UDP
C) ICMP
D) IGMP
Q5) The database of Internet IP addresses and their associated names.
Q6) Ports ranging from 49152 through 65535; open for use without restriction.
Q7) Describe how ARP improves efficiency of MAC-to-IP address mappings.
Q8) The most common way of expressing IP addresses.
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Chapter 5: Topologies and Ethernet Standards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In packet switching,when packets reach their destination node,the node ____ them based on their control information.
A) disassembles
B) deletes
C) reassembles
D) separates
Q2) The Ethernet_II frame type contains a 2-byte ____ field which differentiates it from the older Ethernet_802.3 and Ethernet_802.2 frame types.
A) data
B) length
C) source
D) type
Q3) The most popular method for connecting nodes on a network is circuit switching.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Also known as Gigabit Ethernet.
Q5) Follows the 5-4-3 rule of networking.
Q6) Explain why it is important to understand logical topologies.
Q7) Refers to the PoE device that supplies the power.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Network Hardware
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe advantages of VLAN trunking.
Q2) ____ is a type of microchip that requires very little energy to operate.
A) ROM
B) RAM
C) CMOS
D) EEPROM
Q3) The primary difference between the two USB standards is ____.
A) connector pin organization
B) security limitations
C) speed
D) transceiver placement
Q4) Describe symptoms that may indicate that two devices are attempting to use the same IRQ.
Q5) When selecting a NIC to install,explain what an administrator should do if a motherboard supports more than one kind of expansion slot.
Q6) IBM began developing the FireWire standard in the 1980s.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Define wireless NICS.Include a description of disadvantages with their use.
Q8) Describe how a bridge translates between two segment types.
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Chapter 7: WANs and Remote Connectivity
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ are connections between network nodes that,although based on potentially disparate physical links,logically appear to be direct,dedicated links between those nodes.
Q2) WANs typically send data over ____ available communications networks. A) privately B) publicly C) individually D) serially
Q3) ___________________________________ is an open source system designed to allow one workstation to remotely manipulate and receive screen updates from another workstation.
Q4) Explain how ATM relies on virtual circuits.
Q5) Refers to the T-carrier's Physical layer electrical signaling characteristics as defined by ANSI standards in the early 1980s.
Q6) The PPTP VPN tunneling protocol is based on technology developed by Cisco. A)True B)False
Q7) Define and describe RRAS.
Q8) Incorporates many directly interconnected sites.
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Chapter 8: Wireless Networking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how interference can distort and weaken a wireless signal.
Q2) Satellite return Internet access is a(n)____ technology.
A) symmetrical
B) asymmetrical
C) proprietary
D) open source
Q3) Satellite Internet access providers typically use frequencies in the C- or ____ bands.
A) L-
B) S-
C) Ku-
D) Ka-
Q4) Describe the use of CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance)to access a shared medium.
Q5) If a station detects the presence of several access points,it will always choose the closest access point.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the wireless spectrum.
Q7) The locations of the transmitter and receiver do not move.
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Chapter 9: Network Operating Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Naming (or addressing)conventions in Active Directory are based on the ____ naming conventions.
A) SMB
B) LDAP
C) NTFS
D) NFS
Q2) The printer queue is a ____ representation of the printer's input and output.
A) virtual
B) logical
C) physical
D) hierarchical
Q3) A workgroup is a group of interconnected computers that share each other's resources without relying on a central ____.
A) OU
B) domain
C) database
D) server
Q4) In LDAP-compatible directories,a(n)____________________ is the set of definitions of the kinds of objects and object-related information that the directory can contain.
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Chapter 10: In-Depth TCP/IP Networking
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Sample Questions
Q1) If subnetting is used on a LAN,explain how devices interpret subnetting information.
Q2) Uses ICMP ECHO requests to trace the path from one networked node to another,identifying all intermediate hops between the two nodes.
Q3) In classful addressing,Class C IPv4 address host information is located in the ____.
A) last 8 bits
B) last 16 bits
C) first 8 bits
D) first 16 bits
Q4) _____________________________________________ is a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files,images,video,and non-ASCII character sets within an e-mail message.
Q5) Within a classful addressing subnet mask,the ____ bits indicate that corresponding bits in an IPv4 address contain network information.
A) 0
B) 1
C) first eight
D) last eight
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Chapter 11: Voice and Video Over IP
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using an analog telephone,a VoIP adapter that performs analog-to-digital conversion is known as a(n)____.
A) VTA (voice telephone adapter)
B) ATA (analog telephone adapter)
C) DTA (digital telephone adapter)
D) DTA (data telephone adapter)
Q2) One drawback to ____ video is that content may not be edited before it's distributed.
A) on demand
B) live streaming
C) streaming server
D) VoIP
Q3) IP telephones are directly connected to the local loop.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A computer programmed to act like an IP telephone is known as a(n)____.
A) video phone
B) softphone
C) streaming server
D) compu-phone
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Network Security
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe who should conduct a security audit and advantages,if any.
Q2) In ____ ,a hacker forges name server records to falsify his host's identity.
A) IP spoofing
B) DNS spoofing
C) ID spoofing
D) DHCP spoofing
Q3) ____ is a social engineering practice in which a person attempts to glean access or authentication information by posing as someone who needs that information.
A) Cracking
B) Hacking
C) War driving
D) Phishing
Q4) Describe what distinguishes 802.1x from other authentication standards.
Q5) Human errors,ignorance,and omissions cause more than half of all security breaches sustained by networks.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the SCP (Secure CoPy)utility.
Q7) Describe the three-way handshake used in CHAP.
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Chapter 13: Troubleshooting Network Problems
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ____ is a document (preferably online)that lists every service and software package supported within an organization,plus the names of first- and second-level support contacts for those services or software packages.
A) call tracking list
B) help desk program list
C) supported services list
D) change management list
Q2) A sophisticated ____________________ will include a TDR (time domain reflectometer)that issues a signal on a cable and then measures the way the signal bounces back (or reflects)to the TDR.
Q3) Before using a network monitor or protocol analyzer on a network,it is important to know what ____ on your network normally looks like.
A) jabber
B) runts
C) current
D) traffic
Q4) Collects data about power quality.
Q5) Describe how a performance tester compares to a continuity tester.
Q6) Captures traffic and analyzes frames.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Ensuring Integrity and Availability
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ is a type of media capable of storing digitized data and that uses a laser to write data to it and read data from it.
A) Tape backup media
B) Optical media
C) Fiber optic media
D) USB
Q2) A place where the computers,devices,and connectivity necessary to rebuild a network exist,but they are not appropriately configured,updated,or connected.
Q3) ____ scanning techniques attempt to identify malware by discovering "malware-like" behavior.
A) Integrity checking
B) Polymorphic
C) Signature
D) Heuristic
Q4) ____ is intended to eliminate single points of failure.
A) Availability
B) Redundancy
C) Contingency
D) Integrity
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Chapter 15: Network Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols and typically runs over UDP on port 161.
Q2) The process of reverting to a previous version of software after attempting to upgrade it is known as ____.
A) backleveling
B) reverse engineering
C) downgrading
D) change back
Q3) A network management agent is a ____ that collects information about a device's operation and provides it to the network management application.
A) software routine
B) hardware device
C) GUI
D) probe
Q4) Addresses the security and privacy of medical records.
Q5) Explain how to provide a way to reverse the hardware upgrade and reinstall the old hardware when necessary.
Q6) Describes a flaw in a software application that causes some part of the application to malfunction.
Q7) One of the most common free network management tools.
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