Information Technology Fundamentals
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Information Technology Fundamentals provides a comprehensive introduction to the essential concepts and components underlying modern computing environments. The course covers foundational topics such as computer hardware, software, operating systems, networking, databases, and security principles. Students will explore how information systems support organizations, the basics of system development, and the impact of technology on society. Through lectures, practical exercises, and discussions, learners will gain the skills necessary to understand and effectively interact with contemporary information systems and technologies.
Recommended Textbook
Business Data Communications Infrastructure Networking and Security 7th Edition by William Stallings
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Video networks in business are used primarily to deliver programming.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The types of networks commonly used in businesses today include:
A)Local area networks,wide-area networks,and telephone networks
B)Local area networks,telephone networks,and voice mail networks
C)Wide area networks,voice mail networks,and email networks
D)Voice mail networks,email networks,and local area networks
Answer: A
Q3) Among the application services lists given below,which lists the services in order such that the desired throughput rates are increasing?
A)Still image transfers,large file transfers,transaction processing,and voice
B)Voice,transaction processing,still image transfers,and large file transfers
C)Large file transfers,voice,transaction processing,and still image transfers
D)Transaction processing,voice,still image transfers,and large file transfers
Answer: D
Q4) The type of network commonly used at business premises is called a __________. Answer: Local Area Network (LAN)
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Chapter 2: Business Information
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________ screens use thin sandwiches of glass containing a liquid-crystal material to display images.
A)PDF
B)LCD
C)CRT
D)all of the above
Answer: B
Q2) _________ is a subjective measure of the user's perception of the overall value of the network application or service.
Answer: Quality of Experience (QoE)
Q3) A __________ system uses a sequence of discrete,discontinuous values or symbols to represent information.
Answer: digital
Q4) Voice communication can only be done using an analog signal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) _________ is a 16-bit code that is backward compatible with IRA / ASCII. Answer: Unicode
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Chapter 3: Distributed Data Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________ are specialized computers that provide services for clients such as database services,printing services,and communication services.
Answer: Servers
Q2) In a centralized architecture,the data processing for an application takes place on the user's computing device.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) More challenging failure diagnosis,more dependence on communications technology,incompatibility among equipment,and incompatibility among data are potential drawbacks of __________ data processing.
Answer: distributed
Q4) Retail point-of-sale systems are an example of horizontal partitioning of data processing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) SAP's in-memory computing system is called _________.
Answer: HANA (High Performance Analytic Appliance)
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Chapter 4: Data Transmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) Data can exist in either analog or _________ form.
Q2) A sine wave is a periodic signal that:
A)has equal phase,frequency and amplitude
B)can be measured in terms of its amplitude,frequency and phase
C)has a maximum peak amplitude equal to its frequency
D)can be either digital or analog
Q3) The width of the range of frequencies that comprise the signal is the ________.
Q4) In order to completely compensate for attenuation,the signal generated must be at least as high in strength than the noise of the channel.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Refraction refers to the bending of the signal.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The various forms of noise include thermal noise,intermodulation noise,crosstalk,and impulse noise.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The _________ of a signal is the range of frequencies that it contains.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Data Communication Fundamentals
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Q1) In an operation very similar to that performed by a modem,analog data can be represented by a digital signal; the device that performs this function is a ________.
Q2) ________ data take on discrete values; examples are text,integers,and binary data.
Q3) A carrier wave is modulated with 4 amplitudes and 4 phase changes; how many bits can be represented with each signal change?
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q4) Standards are important when devices must communicate together; the four characteristics governed by these standards are:
A)mechanical,electrical,functional,and procedural
B)electrical,physical,functional,and signaling
C)fundamental,mechanical,procedural,and protocol
D)protocol,fundamental,physical,and signaling
Q5) __________ is the communication of data across a computer network by the propagation and processing of signals.
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Chapter 6: Data Link Control and Multiplexing
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Q1) Physical interface standards include all of the required functions for data communication.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _________ standards provide a means by which a stream of data can be transmitted,either synchronously or asynchronously,onto a transmission medium.
Q3) In early business computer networks,communication lines were primarily provided by CLECs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A disadvantage of sliding window flow control is that it is not supported by many data link control protocols.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In order to achieve the greatest return on their data communication investments,it is important for businesses to maximize the amount of information carried over their transmission lines.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Internet
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Q1) The first two important applications developed for the ARPANET were:
A)Telnet and FTP
B)Telnet and email
C)FTP and email
D)email and world-wide-web
Q2) The Internet is an unusual corporate tool in that it is owned and managed by a single entity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A computer connected to the Internet is called a "host".
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ________ is a global information system logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol or its subsequent extensions / follow-ons.
Q5) The first "killer application" for the ARPANET was ________.
A)Telnet
B)FTP
C)email
D)remote login
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Tcp / Ip
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Q1) The TCP / IP architecture contains ________ layers.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
Q2) The standard network management protocol for TCP / IP networks is _________.
Q3) The _________ is used to send files from one system to another under user command.
A)UDP
B)SMTP
C)FTP
D)SSH
Q4) A _________ is a device that connects two networks and whose primary function is to relay data from one network to the other on a route from the source to the destination end system.
Q5) The newer IPv6 specification uses addresses to identify hosts that consist of:
A)128 bits
B)64 bits
C)32 bits
D)16 bits
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Chapter 9: Client Server, intranet, and Cloud Computing
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Q1) Intranets are expensive to implement,but inexpensive to maintain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A common method for encapsulating communication in a distributed system is the __________.
A)SQL
B)PaaS
C)RPC
D)API
Q3) ________ is software that improves connectivity between a client application and a server.
A)SQL
B)API
C)Middleware
D)SAP
Q4) Implementing an extranet removes the need for a company to maintain a public web site.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Internet-Based Applications
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Q1) The ________ relays mail for one application-level hop.
A)MSA
B)MS
C)MTA
D)MDA
Q2) When using HTTP,an application program that accepts connections in order to service requests by sending back responses is called a ___________.
A)client
B)server
C)host
D)resource
Q3) MIME subtypes of the multi-part type are used to describe how the different parts of a message go together.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The rapid growth in the use of the Web is due to the standardization of all the elements that support Web applications.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Internet Operation
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Q1) An internet routing protocol is used to exchange information about reachability and traffic delays,allowing each router to construct a next-hop routing table for paths through the internet.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Typically,more complex routing protocols are used between autonomous systems within a larger internet and relatively simple routing protocols are used within each autonomous system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A QoS facility allows the Internet to treat all classes of traffic equally in order to optimize the services provided to all users.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _________ is an identifier for a set of interfaces in which a packet is delivered to all interfaces identified by that address.
Q5) Typically,an IP address refers to an individual host on a particular network. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Lan Architecture and Infrastructure
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Q1) Guided media provide a physical path along which the signals are propagated; these include twisted pair,coaxial cable,and optical fiber.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Two different types of light source are used in fiber optic systems: LED and
Q3) Ethernet requires that each segment be no more than ___________ in length, including the installed cabling and patch cables at either end,for 10-Mbps and 100-Mbps transmissions.
Q4) To aid in the development of cabling plans,standards have been issued that specify the cabling types and layout for office,data center,and apartment buildings; these standards are referred to as __________.
Q5) In a data transmission system,the __________ is the physical path between transmitter and receiver.
Q6) With __________,the waves are guided along a solid medium,such as copper twisted pair,copper coaxial cable,or optical fiber.
Q7) Higher-level data,such as an IP datagram,are passed down to LLC,which appends control information as a header,creating an LLC ___________.
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Chapter 13: Ethernet, switches, and Virtual Lans
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Q1) This option supports 1-Gbps links among devices located within a single room or equipment rack,using copper jumpers (specialized STP cable that spans no more than 25 m).Each link is composed of a separate STP running in each direction.
A)1000BASE-SX
B)1000BASE-T
C)1000BASE-LX
D)1000BASE-CX
Q2) Routing takes place at the ___________ layer.
A)network
B)link
C)data control
D)physical
Q3) A _________ provides a means of interconnecting similar LANs.
Q4) A broadcast recipient address means that all devices connected to the LAN are to receive the message.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The total collection of devices that receive broadcast frames from each other is referred to as a broadcast _________ .
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Chapter 14: Wireless Lans
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Q1) The physical layer for IEEE 802.11 has been issued in _______ stages.
A)3
B)5
C)7
D)9
Q2) The _________ service enables transfer of data between a station on an IEEE 802.11 LAN and a station on an integrated IEEE 802.x LAN.
Q3) When using wireless network,roaming occurs when a mobile stations moves from one access point (or cell)to another.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The IEEE 802.11 MAC layer covers three functional areas: reliable data delivery, access control,and _________.
Q5) A basic rule of thumb for radio-based communication is that the higher the frequency,the shorter the transmission distance.
A)True
B)False
Q6) For privacy ,802.11 defined the __________ algorithm.
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Chapter 15: Wan Technology and Protocol
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Q1) Presence information is associated with every presentity in the system and is maintained by the presence service.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Each station attaches to a node,and the collection of nodes is referred to as a ________ network
Q3) It is desirable to have only one path from sender to receiver to avoid excess costs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Use of digital transmission for applications such as telephone requires that a dedicated connection be established across the network.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Switching nodes are devices that enable data to be moved from senders to receivers.
A)True
B)False
Q6) ________ signals identify a subscriber.
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Chapter 16: Wan Services
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Q1) All Frame Relay nodes contain which of the following protocols?
A)LAPB
B)LAPD
C)LAPF Core
D)LAPF Control
Q2) The use of Carrier Ethernet technologies to create metropolitan area networks (MANs)is most commonly called _________.
Q3) Which of the following are WAN protocols?
A)Frame Relay
B)T-1
C)SONET
D)all of the above
Q4) __________ is the delivery of WAN services using Ethernet connectivity and is a high-speed alternative to traditional WAN services such as frame relay,leased lined,ATM,or T-1 services.
Q5) In ATM,the basic transmission unit is the ________.
A)frame
B)cell
C)packet
D)segment
18
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Chapter 17: Wireless Lans
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Q1) The most common type of communications satellite today is the _________,first proposed by the science-fiction author Arthur C.Clarke in 1945.
Q2) In cellular communications systems,base stations (BS)are located in the geographic center of cells and handle communications between mobile units and the rest of the network.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The specific base station that communicates with the mobile unit is selected by the MTSO based on the strength of the signal received from the mobile unit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A transmission from an earth station to the satellite is referred to as __________.
Q5) In contrast to earlier generations,4G systems do not support traditional circuit-switched telephony service.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The antenna systems on or near the earth are referred to as earth _________ .
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Chapter 18: Computer and Network Security Threats
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Q1) __________ capture keystrokes on a compromised system.
A)Worms
B)Zombies
C)Keyloggers
D)All of the above
Q2) One type of attack on the security of a computer system or network that impacts the availability of a system (e.g.destruction of a resource in the system)is referred to as
A)interruption
B)interception
C)modification
D)all of the above
Q3) The three concepts that form the CIA triad are: confidentiality,integrity,and
Q4) Also known as a zombie or drone,a __________ is a program that secretly takes over another Internet-attached computer and then uses that computer to launch attacks that are difficult to trace to the creator.
Q5) _________ are in the nature of eavesdropping on,or monitoring of, transmissions.The goal of the attacker is to obtain information that is being transmitted.
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Chapter 19: Computer and Network Security Techniques
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Q1) Malware defense can involve a combination of prevention,__________,and removal.
Q2) SSL performs encryption first,followed by computing a message authentication code.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The 802.11i architecture consists of ________ main ingredients. A)one B)two C)three D)four
Q4) A _________ is a hardware or software entity inserted between a system or network to be protected and the Internet or other outside access network to control traffic in both directions to enforce a security policy.
Q5) IP-level security encompasses three functional areas: authentication, confidentiality,and _________.
Q6) The IPsec Architecture document mandates support for two types of key management: manual and ___________.
Q7) The ________________ facility enables communicating nodes to encrypt messages to prevent eavesdropping by third parties.
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