Infectious Diseases for Healthcare Professionals
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Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of infectious diseases, focusing on their causes, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention within healthcare settings. Students will examine a range of common and emerging pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, as well as the principles of infection control and epidemiology. Emphasis is placed on recognizing infection risk factors, understanding antimicrobial stewardship, and implementing evidence-based measures to reduce healthcare-associated infections. Through case studies and current research, healthcare professionals will develop the critical skills necessary to manage and prevent infectious diseases in diverse patient populations.
Recommended Textbook
Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional 2nd Edition by VanMeter
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Chapter 1: Scope of Microbiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The correct descending order of taxonomic categories is
A)species, domain, phylum, kingdom, order, division, class, genus.
B)domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, order, genus, species.
C)domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
D)kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species.
Answer: C
Q2) Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about spontaneous generation?
A)John Needham
B)Joseph Lister
C)Louis Pasteur
D)Robert Koch
Answer: C
Q3) All bacteria are __________ cells.
Answer: prokaryotic
Q4) Cells that contain a nucleus are __________ cells.
Answer: eukaryotic
Q5) Microorganisms of various species are often organized into complex communities on a surface and are called __________.
Answer: biofilms
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Q1) Radioactive isotope
A)Redox
B)Electron
C)Neutron
D)Acid
E)Base
F)Salt
G)Glucose
H)Protein
I)Polysaccharide
J)Nucleic acid
K)Lipid
L)Tritium
Answer: L
Q2) Chemically,ATP is a(n)__________.
Answer: nucleic acid
Q3) Molecules that can absorb hydrogen ions and not change the pH of the substance are __________.
Answer: buffers
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) The organelle necessary for photosynthesis is a(n)__________. Answer: chloroplast
Q2) Nonchromosomal DNA molecules found in a bacterial cell are A)endospores. B)transposons. C)plasmids. D)prions.
Answer: C
Q3) Enzymes that remove functional groups from a substrate without adding water,or that add functional groups to a double bond,are called A)oxidoreductases. B)transferases. C)hydrolases. D)lyases.
Answer: D
Q4) The nucleus is surrounded by a(n)__________. Answer: nuclear envelope
Q5) The transfer of genetic material during direct cell-to-cell contact is called_________________________.
Answer: conjugation
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Chapter 4: Bacteria and Archaea
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bacteria that prefer high levels of salt in their growing environment are referred to as A)calciphiles.
B)halophiles.
C)osmophiles.
D)mesophiles.
Q2) Bacteria that use organic compounds as the source of both carbon and energy are referred to as
A)photoautotrophs.
B)chemoautotrophs.
C)photoheterotrophs.
D)chemoheterotrophs.
Q3) Which of the following organisms is a common cause of peptic ulcers?
A)Treponema pallidum
B)Vibrio cholerae
C)Helicobacter pylori
D)Escherichia coli
Q4) The time required for doubling of the population is called the________________ .
Q5) Microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen are called __________.
Page 6
Q6) Microorganisms that acquire energy from light are called __________.
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Chapter 5: Viruses
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Q1) A bacteriophage is a(n)____________ virus.
A)helical
B)icosahedral
C)enveloped
D)complex
Q2) A virus that infects bacteria is referred to as a __________.
Q3) The Baltimore classification system places viruses into __________ groups.
A)four
B)five C)seven D)nine
Q4) The phase during which no infectious phage particles can be found in a host cell is the __________ period.
Q5) Viruses can infect
A)plants.
B)bacteria.
C)animals.
D)all organisms.
Q6) Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by human herpesvirus number __________.
Q7) Picornaviridae are __________ viruses.
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Chapter 6: Eukaryotic Microorganisms
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Q1) A collective mass of threadlike hyphae
A)Mycelium
B)Algae
C)Sporangia
D)Fungi
E)Dimorphic fungi
F)Coenocytic
G)Blastospore
Q2) The antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin are produced by A)algae.
B)slime molds.
C)fungi.
D)protozoans.
Q3) The unique cell organelle found in the Archaezoa and that appears to be a remnant of mitochondria is called a(n)__________.
Q4) The common name for nematodes is __________.
Q5) The study of fungi is called __________.
Q6) Masses of protoplasm containing thousands of nuclei are characteristic of a(n)__________.
Q7) The vegetative structure of algae is referred to as a __________.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Chemical Methods of Control
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Q1) Antimicrobial agents that are specifically designed to be used on living tissues are referred to as __________.
Q2) Ionizing radiation involves all of the following except
A)UV light
B)Gamma rays
C)Electron beams
D)X-rays
Q3) The destruction of vegetative organisms by chemical or physical methods is called __________.
Q4) High salt or sugar content/concentrations make use of ____________ to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Q5) The food preparation process in which not all microorganisms are killed,but the number of microbes capable of spoiling the food or causing disease is reduced,is called A)sanitation.
B)pasteurization.
C)disinfection.
D)purification.
Q6) Food irradiation destroys the __________ of the cell.
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Chapter 8: Microbiological Laboratory Techniques
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following media are defined and have an exact chemical composition?
A)Complex media
B)Synthetic media
C)Enriched media
D)Special media
Q2) A culture that contains a single species of an organism is a __________ culture.
Q3) Which of the following genera of bacteria need very specialized media for culturing?
A)Spiroplasma
B)Enterococcus
C)Staphylococcus
D)Pseudomonas
Q4) Which of the following media is often used to grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A)Blood agar
B)MacConkey agar
C)Heart infusion broth
D)Middlebrook's medium
Q5) A disinfectant is designed to be used only on __________ surfaces.
Q6) A common laboratory medium is nutrient broth,which contains beef extract and
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Chapter 9: Microbiological Laboratory Safety Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dangerous and exotic agents need to be handled in a BSL-__________ environment.
Q2) Ebola viruses need to be handled in which of the following biosafety levels?
A)BSL1
B)BSL2
C)BSL3
D)BSL4
Q3) CDC stands for the Centers for Disease Control and __________.
Q4) Proprietary name of drugs
A)Chemical name
B)Structural formula
C)Synonyms
D)Trade name
E)CAS number
F)RTECS number
G)DOT ID number
Q5) Hand-washing guidelines have been established by A)OSHA.
B)CDC.
C)NIAD.
D)WHO.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Pharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs are excreted from the body primarily via the A)lungs.
B)kidneys.
C)small intestines.
D)spleen.
Q2) Drugs and substances with a high probability for abuse with no therapeutic use and a lack of safety controls are classified as Schedule __________.
Q3) The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the body after drug administration is called A)pharmacodynamics.
B)pharmacokinetics.
C)pharmacotherapeutics.
D)pharmacy.
Q4) A mercury-containing compound used as a preservative in vaccines is A)analgesic.
B)EDTA.
C)codeine.
D)thimerosal.
Q5) ED is a measure of the __________ response.
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Chapter 11: Antimicrobial Drugs
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Q1) Ethambutol
A)Vancor
B)Vancocin
C)Sansac
D)Cipro
E)Dalacin
F)Rofact
G)Nydrazid
H)Etibi
Q2) Clindamycin
A)Vancor
B)Vancocin
C)Sansac
D)Cipro
E)Dalacin
F)Rofact
G)Nydrazid
H)Etibi
Q3) The zone of inhibition is the result of the __________ method.
Q4) Another term for the effectiveness of a drug is __________.
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Chapter 12: Infection and Disease
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Q1) A nonliving object such as a tissue,towel,or even money that can be used to transmit a pathogen to a host is called a(n)__________.
Q2) Multiplication of pathogens in blood
A)Pandemic
B)Nosocomial
C)Septicemia
D)Adhesion
E)Pathogen
F)Bacteremia
G)Evasion
H)Microbiota
I)Surgery
Q3) The number of new cases of a disease over a certain period of time compared with the general healthy population is a referred to as A)incidence.
B)prevalence.
C)virulence.
D)mortality.
Q4) A worldwide epidemic is considered a(n)__________ disease.
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Chapter 13: The Immune Response and Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following blood types cannot receive a blood transfusion from type O blood type?
A)Type A
B)Type B
C)All blood types can
D)None of the blood types other than O can
Q2) Cells infected with a virus produce glycoproteins that interfere with viral replication and impede its spread; these glycoproteins are called A)interferons.
B)suppressors.
C)pyrogens.
D)prostaglandins.
Q3) Which of the following organs breaks down worn-out red blood cells?
A)Spleen
B)Pancreas
C)Thymus
D)Red bone marrow
Q4) Large,circulating phagocytic agranulocytes that develop into macrophages as they leave the blood vessels are called __________.
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Tissue, and Musculoskeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Necrotizing fasciitis
A)HSV-1
B)Streptococcus pyogenes
C)HSV-2
D)Actinomyces
E)Escherichia coli
F)Varicella-zoster
G)HHV-6 and -7
H)Malassezia furfur
Q2) "Athlete's foot" is referred to as
A)tinea capitis.
B)tinea corporis.
C)tinea versicolor.
D)tinea pedis.
Q3) Infections that result in the death of infected tissue are called __________ infections.
Q4) Leprosy is caused by __________.
Q5) Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the __________ virus.
Q6) Fungal infections of the skin are referred to as __________.
Q7) A tinea infection in the groin area is commonly called "__________." Page 16
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Chapter 15: Infections of the Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following geographic areas contains reservoirs for Coccidioides immitis?
A)France
B)South Africa
C)Arizona
D)Iowa
Q2) Which of the following organisms is commonly found in the normal flora of the upper respiratory system?
A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Mycoplasma pneumoniae
C)Bordetella pertussis
D)Klebsiella pneumoniae
Q3) Strep throat is caused by which of the following organisms?
A)Streptococcus pyogenes
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)Streptococcus agalactiae
D)Streptococcus faecalis
Q4) The TB skin test is also known as the _______________ test.
Q5) Influenza is caused by two species of __________.
Q6) SARS stands for __________.
18
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Chapter 16: Infections of the Gastrointestinal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bacterial food intoxication
A)Ancylostoma duodenale
B)Streptococcus mutans
C)Escherichia coli
D)Entamoeba histolytica
E)Bacillus cereus
F)Taenia solium
G)Amoeba proteus
H)Enterobius vermicularis
Q2) Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium
A)Escherichia coli.
B)Salmonella enterica.
C)Shigella flexneri.
D)Staphylococcus aureus.
Q3) Which of the following organisms produces aflatoxin,a carcinogenic substance?
A)Candida albicans
B)Claviceps purpurea
C)Aspergillus flavus
D)Staphylococcus aureus
Q4) The term "stomach flu" really refers to __________.
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Infections of the Nervous System and Sensory
Structures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the causative agent for fungal meningitis,mostly in immunocompromised patients?
A)Trypanosoma brucei
B)Listeria meningitis
C)Cryptococcus neoformans
D)Trypanosoma cruzi
Q2) TSEs
A)Prion
B)Rhabdovirus
C)Clostridium tetani
D)Dimorphic fungus
E)Streptococcus pneumoniae
F)Clostridium difficile
G)Trypanosoma
H)Bacillus tetani
Q3) The most virulent of all botulinum toxins is considered to be type
A)A.
B)B.
C)E.
D)F.
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Chapter 18: Infections of the Cardiovascular and Circulatory System
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Q1) Yersinia pestis
A)Plague
B)Rat-bite fever
C)Severe malaria
D)Lyme disease
E)VHF
F)Leprosy
G)Common cold
Q2) An inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication following a group A streptococcal infection is
A)endocarditis.
B)rheumatic fever.
C)nephritis.
D)cytomegalovirus.
Q3) Malaria is transmitted by the bite of a(n)______________________ mosquito.
Q4) The bacterium most frequently found to be involved in gas gangrene is __________ __________.
Q5) The toxic condition caused by the spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from the site of infection is called __________.
Q6) When bacteria are found in the blood,the condition is referred to as __________. Page 21
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Chapter 19: Infections of the Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following are typical symptoms of a UTI
A)Vomiting, blood in the urine
B)Painful urination, cloudy urine
C)Swollen abdomen, rapid heart rate
D)Painful bowel movements, tightness in chest
Q2) In the urinary system,cytomegalovirus infections are typically associated with A)kidney transplant failure.
B)cystitis.
C)nephritis.
D)urethritis.
Q3) The organism that is primarily responsible for causing cystitis is ___________________________.
Q4) Ureteric stenosis in kidney transplant patients has been associated with A)E.coli.
B)polyomaviruses.
C)fungi.
D)helminths.
Q5) The current drug of choice to treat viral urinary infections is __________.
Q6) For patients with a catheter,the best measures to prevent a UTI are frequent cleaning and __________.
Page 23
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Chapter 20: Infections of the Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is a collective term for any extensive bacterial infection of the pelvic organs.
Q2) GBS stands for __________.
Q3) The female reproductive system includes the following organs/structures
A)Ovaries, kidneys, uterus, vagina
B)Uterus, vagina, bladder, duodenum
C)Bladder, ureter, vagina, uterus
D)Uterus, ovaries, vagina, fallopian tubes
Q4) Trichomoniasis
A)Candida albicans
B)Borrelia vincentii
C)Streptococcus agalactiae
D)Flagellated protozoan
E)Bacillus subtilis
F)Streptococcus pyogenes
G)Gardnerella vaginalis
1. 30% of vaginitis cases
Q5) The bacterium most frequently responsible for toxic shock syndrome that originates in the reproductive system is __________.
Page 24
Q6) The organism most frequently associated with mastitis in women is __________ .
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Chapter 21: Sexually Transmitted Infectionsdiseases
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Q1) Donovanosis
A)Protozoan
B)Tinea-related species
C)Treponema pallidum
D)Klebsiella species
E)Candida albicans
F)AIDS
G)Haemophilus ducreyi
Q2) HIV is the abbreviation for __________.
Q3) Typically the first step in testing for the presence of HIV antibodies in a blood sample is the __________.
Q4) Which of the following agents can be used in the treatment of balanitis?
A)Tetracycline
B)Tolnaftate
C)Cefixime
D)Ampicillin
Q5) Syphilis is caused by the microorganism __________ and the disease occurs in __________ stages.
Q6) Vaccination is available for the sexually transmitted hepatitis __________ virus.
25
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Chapter 22: Human Age and Microorganisms
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Q1) Microcephaly
A)Congenital toxoplasmosis
B)Micrococcus
C)Cytomegalovirus
D)Staphylococcus aureus
E)Neisseria
F)Congenital rubella
G)Streptococcus
Q2) Infectious diseases in the adult population are responsible for about one third of all deaths in individuals over the age of
A)50 years.
B)55 years.
C)60 years.
D)65 years.
Q3) The virus most commonly transmitted during pregnancy is A)cytomegalovirus.
B)HIV.
C)herpes simplex virus.
D)Epstein-Barr virus.
Q4) Chlamydia commonly occurring in young adults is a _________ disease.
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Chapter 23: Microorganisms in the Environment and Effects on
Human Health
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Q1) Which of the following is not found in the atmosphere?
A)Carbon dioxide
B)Nitrogen
C)Sulfur
D)Phosphorus
Q2) The conversion of CO to organic molecules is called __________.
Q3) Which of the following processes is most commonly used in wastewater treatment?
A)Sulfur
B)Anammox
C)Phosphorus
D)Carbon dioxide
Q4) The bacterial genus Rhizobium is involved primarily in the __________ cycle.
Q5) A set of guilds is referred to as a A)microhabitat.
B)biosphere.
C)community.
D)population.
Q6) The incubation time for Ebola is 2 to __________ days.
Q7) Cholera is considered a Category __________ disease.
Q8) Brucellosis is a Category __________ disease. Page 27
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Chapter 24: Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Q1) Which of the following infectious diseases is considered to be a reemerging disease?
A)AIDS
B)Ebola
C)West Nile virus
D)Tuberculosis
Q2) "Fifth disease" is caused by __________.
Q3) CDC
A)Program to reinforce the identification and response to emerging diseases around the world
B)Primary responsibility is to protect people in the United States from infectious diseases
C)Regulations to address a global approach to prevent, detect, and respond to any public health threat of international concern
D)Classifies infectious diseases into three categories
E)Provides instructions for destroying bioterrorism weapons
F)Assigns hospitals as primary response sites in cases of pandemic
Q4) The Hendra virus is transmitted by __________.
Q5) Anthrax would be considered a group __________ emerging/reemerging disease.
Q6) Acanthamebiasis is a group __________ emerging/reemerging infectious disease.
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Chapter 25: Biotechnology
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Q1) The term endonuclease refers to A)gene libraries.
B)restriction enzymes. C)plasmids.
D)cDNA.
Q2) Factor VIII
A)cDNA
B)Eukaryotic genes
C)Prokaryotic genes
D)Escherichia coli
E)Transformation
F)DNA ligase
G)Staphylococcus aureus
H)Hemophilia
Q3) Synthetic proteins that can be used in the treatment of hepatitis C are __________.
Q4) When a single bacterium can produce millions of identical cells,the population is called a(n)__________.
Q5) The process of copying a plate to identify a specific colony is called __________.
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