Infant and Toddler Development Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children from birth to age three. Students examine major developmental theories, milestones, and individual differences in early childhood, considering the impact of family, culture, and environment on growth and learning. Emphasis is placed on observation techniques, assessment strategies, and designing responsive and supportive environments that foster optimal development during infancy and toddlerhood. The course prepares students to understand and address the unique needs of very young children in various professional and caregiving settings.
Recommended Textbook Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood 8th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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13 Chapters
1478 Verified Questions
1478 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1193
Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23625
Sample Questions
Q1) The central questions addressed by the field of child development
A) are primarily of scientific interest.
B) have applied, or practical, importance.
C) are based exclusively on research conducted by psychologists.
D) involve all changes a person experiences throughout the lifespan.
Answer: B
Q2) Dr. Brown observes behavior in a laboratory, where conditions are the same for all participants. This is an example of
A) the clinical, or case study, method.
B) structured observation.
C) naturalistic observation.
D) ethnography.
Answer: B
Q3) The ultimate responsibility for the ethical integrity of research with children lies with the
A) investigator.
B) institutional review board (IRB).
C) child.
D) child's parents.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following prental diagnostic methods is the most widely used technique?
A) amniocentesis
B) chorionic villus sampling
C) ultrasound
D) maternal blood analysis
Answer: A
Q2) Monozygotic twins
A) have the same genetic makeup.
B) develop more rapidly than children of single births.
C) are no more alike than ordinary siblings.
D) tend to be healthier than children of single births.
Answer: A
Q3) Gametes
A) are formed during mitosis.
B) contain only 23 chromosomes.
C) contain 46 chromosomes.
D) determine directly observable characteristics.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23627
Sample Questions
Q1) During Zola's third month of pregnancy, she should
A) be able to feel the baby move.
B) avoid regular exercise.
C) be able to hear the baby's heartbeat through a stethoscope.
D) be able to tell when the baby is alert.
Answer: C
Q2) In healthy, physically fit women, __________ exercise is related to __________.
A) regular aerobic; low birth weight
B) frequent vigorous; a reduction in risk of high blood pressure
C) regular moderate; a reduction in risk of maternal diabetes
D) frequent vigorous; high birth weight
Answer: C
Q3) The germinal period lasts
A) for about 13 weeks, or a trimester.
B) from fertilization to implantation.
C) for about 6 weeks.
D) from conception to fertilization.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23628
Sample Questions
Q1) Lily is 21 inches long and weighs 8 pounds at birth. She is __________ than the average newborn.
A) shorter but heavier
B) longer and heavier
C) longer but lighter
D) shorter and lighter
Q2) An abnormal increase in maternal __________ in the third trimester of pregnancy is currently being evaluated as an early predictor of premature birth.
A) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
B) cortisol
C) insulin
D) thyroxine
Q3) Compared with those who give birth lying on their backs, women who choose an upright position are likely to __________ to __________.
A) more; have a longer labor
B) more; need an episiotomy
C) less; use pain-relieving medication
D) more; deliver a breech baby
Q4) Describe the Apgar Scale, and explain how it is used.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23629
Sample Questions
Q1) When Samer was born, stimulation in his brain resulted in a massive overabundance of synapses. Neurons that were seldom stimulated soon lost their synapses. This process is known as
A) myelination.
B) synaptic pruning.
C) neuroimaging.
D) neurotransmission.
Q2) In a large study of children with injuries to the cerebral cortex that occurred around the time of birth or in the first six months of life, researchers found that
A) delays in language development persisted into adolescence if injury occurred in the left hemisphere.
B) delays in language development persisted into adolescence if injury occurred in the right hemisphere.
C) undamaged areas-in either the left or the right hemisphere-took over vocabulary and grammatical skills by ?age 5.
D) language skills were more likely to be permanently damaged than spatial skills.
Q3) Explain dynamic systems theory of motor development.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nine-month-old Daisy retrieves her pacifier, which her mother has hidden under a cover. Baby Daisy has begun to master
A) deferred imitation.
B) object permanence.
C) make-believe play.
D) reflexive schemes.
Q2) Which of the following statements about infantile amnesia is true?
A) Infantile amnesia is more common in females than males.
B) Most older children and adults cannot retrieve events that happened before age 3.
C) Infants' memory processing is fundamentally different from that of adults.
D) During the first few years, children remember largely with verbal techniques.
Q3) Define and describe recognition and recall. Discuss the development of recall memory.
Q4) In Piaget's theory, each time the back-and-forth movement between equilibrium and disequilibrium occurs,
A) children regress to a previous stage of development.
B) less effective schemes are produced.
C) children adapt more than they organize.
D) more effective schemes are produced.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23631
Sample Questions
Q1) Peer sociability is
A) not present in the first two years.
B) promoted by the early caregiver-child bond.
C) extremely delayed in only children.
D) delayed in children who spend time in child care.
Q2) According to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from Tanner's mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls down while learning to walk?
A) a concerned look
B) a cautious smile
C) speaking the words "oh, no!"
D) laughter combined with saying "oopsie-daisy"
Q3) In the Strange Situation, Juan uses his mother as a secure base. When she leaves the room, Juan cries for a few minutes. When she returns, Juan seeks contact with her and then begins to explore toys once again. Juan is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.
A) insecure-avoidant
B) secure
C) disorganized/disoriented
D) insecure-resistant
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23632
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about individual differences in motor skills during early childhood is true?
A) Girls can run slightly faster than boys.
B) Girls can broad-jump slightly farther than boys.
C) Girls have an edge over boys in fine-motor skills.
D) Girls are ahead of boys in skills that emphasize force.
Q2) __________ are at greater risk for injury than __________.
A) Three- to 5-year-old girls; 3- to 5-year-old boys
B) Children with easy temperaments; irritable children
C) Middle-SES children; low-SES children
D) U.S. children from advantaged families; children in Western Europe
Q3) Sophia's parents will not allow her to eat any sugary foods. This practice will most likely
A) prompt Sophia to eat more healthy foods.
B) have no effect on Sophia's eating behavior.
C) focus Sophia's attention on sugary foods.
D) decrease Sophia's desire to eat sugary foods.
Q4) Dominic is left-handed. He would like to know if his infant son is likely to be left-handed or right-handed. What can you tell him about research on handedness?
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23633
Sample Questions
Q1) Eighteen-month-old Jazmin is offered sets of animal crackers. Each set contains 1, 2, or 4 crackers. Jazmin consistently picks the set with the most pieces, displaying a beginning grasp of A) cardinality.
B) estimation. C) ordinality.
D) functionality.
Q2) Children with autism
A) only use words to exchange ideas.
B) have narrow and overly intense interests.
C) engage in more make-believe play than typically developing children. D) show extremely rapid synaptic pruning.
Q3) For Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking is A) dual representation. B) egocentrism.
C) animistic thinking. D) centration.
Q4) How are a Piagetian and Vygotskian classroom similar? How do they differ?
Q5) What are scripts? How do they contribute to young children's memory development?
Q6) Explain how adults can foster preschoolers' language development.
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23634
Sample Questions
Q1) To sit next to her mother at a restaurant, Diana pushes her little brother Mark out of the way. This is an example of __________ aggression.
A) hostile
B) physical
C) passive
D) relational
Q2) Which of the following disciplinary statements is the most likely to promote prosocial behavior?
A) "Pushing your sister is not okay."
B) "Your sister is crying because you pushed her and she fell down."
C) "You should be ashamed of yourself. Good girls do not push."
D) "Only bad girls push their sisters."
Q3) According to social learning theorists,
A) morality has a unique course of development.
B) reinforcement for good behavior is enough for children to acquire moral responses.
C) children learn to behave morally largely through modeling.
D) positive reinforcement for a child's character decreases a behavior's frequency.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23635
Sample Questions
Q1) A ball thrown by a(n) __________ travels an average speed of 29 feet per second.
A) 6-year-old girl
B) 6-year-old boy
C) 8-year-old girl
D) 8-year-old boy
Q2) Girls have an edge over boys in
A) running.
B) drawing.
C) kicking.
D) throwing.
Q3) On average, the dramatic adolescent growth spurt occurs __________ earlier in girls than in boys
A) 6 months
B) 1 year
C) 18 months
D) 2 years
Q4) Describe advances and contributing factors in gross- and fine-motor development over middle childhood.
Q5) List and describe common factors associated with childhood obesity.
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Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23637
Sample Questions
Q1) School-age children with peer-relationship problems are more likely to
A) have experienced permissive discipline.
B) come from middle-SES families.
C) have weak emotional self-regulation skills.
D) have experienced authoritative discipline.
Q2) Describe the features of friendship in middle childhood.
Q3) Brothers Alan and James are very different in personality and temperament. What should their parents do to help facilitate their sibling relationship?
A) They should maintain a "hands-off" approach and allow the boys to work independently on the relationship.
B) They should use mediation techniques to increase the boys' awareness of each other's perspectives and reduce animosity.
C) They should give Alan, the older brother, authority over James, the younger brother, especially in joint decision making.
D) They should insist that the brothers rely on each other for companionship by limiting their outside friendships.
Q4) How does children's self-esteem change from early to middle childhood?
Q5) Discuss blended families, and describe some support options available to them.
Page 15
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