Industrial Relations
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Industrial Relations examines the dynamic relationships among employers, employees, and the organizations that represent them, such as trade unions and employer associations. This course explores the historical development of industrial relations, the legal and regulatory frameworks governing workplace interactions, collective bargaining processes, dispute resolution mechanisms, and the role of government in shaping labor policies. It also addresses contemporary challenges and trends in labor markets, including globalization, technological change, and shifts in employment practices, preparing students to understand and engage with the complex issues facing today's workforce.
Recommended Textbook
Labor Relations Striking a Balance 5th Edition by John
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Page 2
W. Budd
Chapter 1: Contemporary Labor Relations: Objectives, Practices, and Challenges
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90 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best summarizes the trends in U.S. union density since the 1980s?
A) Decreases in both the private and public sectors.
B) Increases in both the private and public sectors.
C) Stable in the private sector and decreases in the public sector.
D) Increases in the public sector and decreases in the private sector.
Answer: D
Q2) In the United States, employees have broad protections against arbitrary dismissal such that employers must provide a good, business related reason for firing someone. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The notion that workers should be entitled to the same democratic principles of participation in the workplace as they are entitled to in society is known as
Answer: Industrial Democracy
Q4) The essence of a labor union is that ___________________ join together to influence the nature of their employment.
Answer: Workers or a group of workers
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Chapter 2: Labor Unions: Good or Bad
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Sample Questions
Q1) Despite the poor working conditions and low wages, one safeguard that employees had in the early part of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, was stability in employment because legally employers needed a good reason to fire someone.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Labor unions that have the power to elect their own officials, manage their own finances, and make their own strategic and tactical decisions are called ______________________ unions.
Answer: independent
Q3) The most radical of the four schools of thought is the __________________________ school.
Answer: critical industrial relations
Q4) An independent union is one that has the power to elect its own leaders, and make all financial and strategic decisions regarding its operations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Historical Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Haymarket Tragedy occurred during a rally to protest police repression of May Day strikers who were supporting May 1 as a deadline for an
Answer: eight-hour workday
Q2) Which labor union believed that while work was necessary to provide for both personal and psychological needs of individuals, it was also key to serving God?
A) National Labor Union.
B) Knights of Labor.
C) Industrial Workers of the World.
D) American Federation of Labor.
Answer: B
Q3) WWII was followed by the greatest period of strikes in the U.S. known as ________________.
Answer: The Great Strike Wave
Q4) President Roosevelt's ___________________________ program was designed to create an active government role in guaranteeing the welfare and security of the population through minimum wage, overtime laws, unemployment compensation and other protective laws.
Answer: New Deal
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Chapter 4: Labor Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978:
A) Protects state and local government workers from corruption.
B) Sets minimum wage and hour standards for federal employees.
C) Grants federal employees the right to strike for better wages and hours of work.
D) Grants federal employees unionization rights.
Q2) Political action committees established by unions for the purpose of supporting a political candidate can be funded, in part, by union dues.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In 1842, the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled in Commonwealth v. Hunt that union actions are conspiratorial and therefore illegal, thus making labor unions unlawful conspiracies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ___________________________ Act forbids federal courts from issuing injunctions that interfere with the activities of unions such as strikes, payment of strike benefits, publicizing a dispute, peaceful picketing and unionization itself.
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Chapter 5: Labor and Management: Strategies, Structures, and Constraints
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Sample Questions
Q1) When management works toward remaining nonunion or becoming nonunion, it is known as union ___________________________.
Q2) Arguments that labor unions create market conflict that result in less-than-optimal results reflect:
A) Duty ethical beliefs.
B) Fairness ethical beliefs.
C) Libertarian ethical beliefs.
D) Utilitarian ethical beliefs.
Q3) The concept of "the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few" is most consistent with which ethical perspective:
A) Utility.
B) Fairness.
C) Liberty.
D) Duty.
Q4) A union avoidance approach that involves adopting paternalistic policies and practices that make unions less necessary is called union
Q5) Free speech and election provisions are both aspects of union democracy known as the ________________ dimension.
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Chapter 6: Union Organizing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Generally the NLRB will not allow more than one certification election in a 12 month period.
A)True B)False
Q2) A key criticism of the NLRA is that the penalties against employers for violating the law are too harsh.
A)True B)False
Q3) Once a representation election is scheduled, a longstanding NLRB rule requires employers to give the union a list of names and addresses of the employees eligible to vote in the election. This is referred to as the _______________________________ and must be provided within seven days of the NLRB scheduling an election.
Q4) What kinds of tactics may be used by an employer in a union organizing campaign. In your response, identify which tactics are legal and illegal?
Q5) An individual is more likely to hold positive attitudes toward unions when they have had previous experience with unions in the workplace.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Bargaining
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Q1) Collective bargaining in the public sector is sometimes characterized by _______________________________ negotiations, or negotiations between more than two parties.
Q2) When employees determine that they would prefer to walk away and find another job rather than accept a given set of terms from the employer, they have identified their BATNA (or MLATNA).
A)True
B)False
Q3) _______________________________ is an important tool used throughout negotiations to evaluate the monetary implications of proposals.
Q4) Upon request, an employer has an obligation to provide information such as job evaluation data, health and safety statistics, and wage information to the union if it is necessary for representing the workers effectively.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Union bargaining committees are usually appointed by the national labor federation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Impasses, Strikes, and Dispute Resolution
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Q1) A _______________________________ is formed when workers march outside an employer's location to protest or publicize their dispute.
Q2) Lockouts are considered illegal if:
A) They could potentially harm public safety and/or health
B) They are not authorized by the NLRB
C) They are deemed by the NLRB to be an attempt to destroy the union
D) They are not offensive (versus defensive) in nature
Q3) Work-to-rule campaigns are seldom successful because following all of the employer's rules to the letter is actually best for most business.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The legality of corporate campaigns is determined by federal racketeering and corruption laws, rather than by labor laws.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe what mediation is and explain the various stages involved in getting the parties to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. (10 minutes)
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Chapter 9: Contract Clauses and Their Administration
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Sample Questions
Q1) In arbitration an employee will be found guilty only if the employer can demonstrate ___________________ proof of guilt.
Q2) Union contracts tend to clearly assign job responsibilities to various jobs so as to prevent all of the following except:
A) Expansion of job duties without a commensurate increase in pay
B) Union workers from shirking their responsibilities
C) Supervisors from doing union workers' job
D) Subcontracting and outsourcing of union jobs
Q3) An agreement that requires employees to settle disputes with their employer using arbitration instead of a lawsuit is known as:
A) Mandatory arbitration agreement
B) Grievance waiver
C) Arbitration waiver
D) Mandatory grievance agreement
Q4) Union contracts covering blue collar workers typically state the wage rate tied to the knowledge, skills, abilities, and performance of each individual holding the jobs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Flexibility, Empowerment, and Partnership
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most, sometimes all, aspects of the contract that exists between an employer and an employee is unwritten, sometimes never even explicitly discussed. Employees work hard for an employer and engage in certain actions or behaviors because they perceive that they will be rewarded (or punished), rather than because of any written rule or expectation. This unwritten contract is known as the:
A) Perceptual contract
B) Explicit contract
C) Social contract
D) Psychological contract
Q2) Pressuring the union and employees to accept wage and work rule concessions is known as a ____________ strategy.
Q3) The research is clear: high performance work systems such as quality circles, job rotation, teams, and total quality management decrease absenteeism and turnover and increase company profits.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ability to change production methods, technology, and work organization is known as ______________________________.
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Chapter 11: Globalization and Financialization
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Q1) Unlike the free trade arrangements of the WTO and NAFTA, workers in any European Union country can freely cross member nation's borders to work.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the dimensions of a corporate global strategy. How does each affect labor relations?
Q3) The North American Free Trade Agreement (1992)
A) Provides for both capital and labor mobility between Canada, U.S., and Mexico.
B) Allows companies from Canada, U.S. and Mexico to invest in any of these three countries.
C) Requires companies in Canada, U.S. and Mexico to live up to uniform labor standards.
D) Creates new tariffs that make it more difficult for other countries to trade in Canada, U.S., and Mexico.
Q4) A _______________________________ is a country's unique ability to excel in the production of a particular good (or service) due to its proximity to natural resources or greater expertise.
Q5) What are the advantages and disadvantages to foreign direct investment?
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Chapter 12: Comparative Labor Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fundamental purpose of German co-determination is to provide national stability and consistency in labor contracts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Mexican system of labor relations is an example of the gap that can exist between the legal protections provided to workers within a given country and the actual rights that exist. Describe the rights granted by Mexican law and discuss how those rights differ from the reality of the workers' lives.
Q3) Since the 1980s, Australian labor relations has become more centralized, focused more on national labor policy than on individual company-level bargaining.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the British system of voluntarism and describe the legal restrictions placed on labor-management relations. In what way does the Irish labor relations system differ from that of the British?
Q5) ___________________________________________ is the study of labor relations systems in difference countries.
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Chapter 13: What Should Labor Relations Do
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Sample Questions
Q1) Solidarity unionism generally relies on increasing labor power by building the cohesiveness of workers across and within workplaces and championing worker interests that contradict management desires.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _______________________________ changes to strengthen the NLRA are large, expansion or clarifications to the NLRA that would include changing the eligibility requirements, revising the election process, and banning strike replacements.
Q3) Associational unions try to capitalize on the separate strengths of unions and:
A) Professional associations.
B) Management.
C) Fraternal associations.
D) Charitable organizations.
Q4) Professional sports, entertainers, and other occupations with high individual bargaining power tend to organize under:
A) Employee ownership unionism.
B) Employee empowerment unionism.
C) Solidarity unionism.
D) Associational unionism.
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