Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Industrial and Organizational Psychology explores the application of psychological principles and research methods to understand human behavior in the workplace. The course covers topics such as personnel selection, training and development, motivation, job satisfaction, leadership, team dynamics, performance appraisal, and occupational health. Students will examine how psychological theories and practices can improve organizational efficiency, employee well-being, and productivity, while also addressing ethical issues and emerging trends within diverse work environments.
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Organizational Behavior V. 2.0 by Talya Bauer and Berrin Erdogan
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Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior
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Q1) One Big Ten University wanted to determine whether a Wellness Program that focused on walking to enhance employee health would cut down on employees' use of health benefits.Employees in the Liberal Arts department were invited to participate and received a $25 gift card to Best Buy for taking part in the program.Employees in the Engineering department did not participate in the program.Health benefits data was examined for both departments. In the scenario described above,the Liberal Arts school employees are
A)the treatment group.
B)the control group.
C)the survey group.
D)the case group.
Answer: A
Q2) To be effective in keeping up your skill set in the future,make sure to A)purchase and use every new technological gadget that comes out on the market. B)make as many connections as you can on Facebook,MySpace or LinkedIn.
C)avoid change as much as you can.
D)excel at something so it sets you apart.
Answer: D
Q3) In general,the higher the ________,the more money you will make.
Answer: degree you attain
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Chapter 2: Managing Demographic and Cultural Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that age diversity in a work team can lead to higher performance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What is a program that can be a part of a larger affirmative action initiative?
Answer: Any of the following are possibilities: simple elimination of discrimination,targeted recruitment,tie-breakers and preferential treatment.
Q3) IBM was a pioneer in creating programs to value and develop a diverse workforce prior to federal legislation requiring such programs.Briefly discuss one of the programs IBM instituted that values diversity.
Answer: In 1935,IBM President Thomas Watson promised equal pay between the genders employed by the firm.In 1943,IBM had its first female vice president.The firm granted women unpaid leave for the birth of a child thirty years before the Family and Medical Leave Act; it then extended that benefit to female employees,raising the leave to one year in the 1960s and three years in 1988.
Q4) Demographic traits like race,gender and age are part of _________ diversity.
Answer: surface -level
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Chapter 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual
Differences and Perception
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Q1) To work effectively with an individual with a high level of negative affectivity, A)recognize that you can change someone's personality if you give feedback.
B)let them vent without limits.
C)ask them for specific examples of what the problem is.
D)challenge them; they are seldom right about anything on which they voice a complaint.
Answer: C
Q2) ______________ is defined as relatively stable feelings,thoughts,and behavioral patterns a person has.
Answer: Personality
Q3) If Dan complains about his instructors being boring every time they lecture,he is demonstrating high consistency.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Broad mindedness,obedience,forgiveness and imagination are examples of _________ values.
Answer: instrumental
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Individual Attitudes and Behaviors
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Q1) Which of the following statements regarding work attitude and performance is accurate?
A)Those with the most positive work attitudes are always strong performers.
B)In engineering,there tends to be a stronger link between work attitude and performance than one finds in an assembly line job.
C)The correlation between organizational commitment and performance is strong.
D)Your skill level in performing a job does not matter much if your attitude toward work is positive.
Q2) __________ ____________ is the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for.
Q3) Which of the following scenarios is likely to produce LOW levels of citizenship behaviors?
A)Maria is an agreeable, conscientious employee of a large conglomerate.
B)Randalls boss is extremely family-oriented and recently allowed him to leave work early to attend his sons after-school soccer game.
C)Horatio is a young engineer with negative affectivity.
D)Jennifer is a devoted employee who is happy at her work.
Q4) With regard to age,___________ individuals are better citizens.
Q5) What is the nature of the relationship between attitudes and behavior?
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Chapter 5: Theories of Motivation
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Q1) McClelland's acquired needs theory has been assessed in various cultures.Choose a country with whose culture you have some familiarity.Describe some key aspects of the culture and which of the three needs might be most prevalent among residents of the country.Provide a rationale for your suggestions.
Q2) Antonio feels strongly about satisfying his subordinates' __________needs.Therefore,each time one of his employees does an outstanding job on some project,he calls the entire department together to formally recognize the individual's accomplishment.
Q3) Herzberg's _______ factors include company policy,supervision,working conditions,security and salary.
Q4) Mary and Jan are two graphic designers at Master Graphics.They were hired at the same time with the same basic qualifications.Under equity theory,Jan is Mary's ________ or comparison person.
Q5) Clarissa emphasizes frequent harmonious interpersonal relationships.Clarissa has a high _________ _________ ______.
Q6) The degree to which employees believe that their performance will result in rewards is called _____________.
Q7) ______________ motivation theories see motivation as a rational process.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment
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Q1) An organizational behavior instructor who develops a unique teamwork project for use in her classroom will have high __________ _______ with the project.
Q2) Name and describe two group- or team-based incentives.
Team bonuses are one-time rewards that follow specific accomplishments of teams of employees.
Gainsharing is a company-wide program where employees are rewarded for performance gains compared to past performance.An example of this is labor cost savings.
Profit sharing involves sharing a percentage of company profits with all employees. Stock options give an employee the right,but not the obligation,to purchase company stocks at a predetermined price.
Q3) The "M" in "SMART" goals stands for
A)Measurable
B)Motivating
C)Minimal
D)Management
Q4) How does 360-degree feedback differ from the more traditional feedback systems?
Q5) Name and define three common biases in performance appraisals.
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Chapter 7: Managing Stress and Emotions
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Q1) Research on crying as a stress reliever suggests
A)the old adage is true: "Let it all out with a good cry."
B)criers are less depressed,less anxious and less tired than those who wept less.
C)crying is much more successful than humor at combating stress.
D)crying may intensify negative feelings because it is a social signal that the individual weeping is very upset.
Q2) Name two negative emotions.
Q3) Which of the following is a technique used by firms to reduce the stress experienced by their employees?
A)Create job descriptions for employees that are less specific and focused.
B)Shift control over critical decisions to higher levels in the organization.
C)Base pay decisions on tenure as opposed to performance.
D)Train managers to be more interpersonally sensitive.
Q4) The link between stress and heart disease has been proven by the American Heart Association to be strong.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe each phase of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome.
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Chapter 8: Communication
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Q1) Provide two instances when written communication should be utilized and two when the choice should be oral communication.
Q2) _________________ __________ communication channels convey more nonverbal information and tend to be used by effective managers.
Q3) Nina is a career counselor in a university's career development office.She is making recommendations to a student in a career planning session related to improving the quality of the student's conversation.Which piece of advice should be deleted from Nina's list?
A)Speak more than the receiver.
B)Ask questions.
C)Use eye contact and smile.
D)Be receptive to new ideas.
Q4) Communication usually travels diagonally to A)supervisors.
B)coworkers.
C)subordinates.
D)other departments.
Q5) Define a crucial conversation and give an example of it.
Q6) A ______________ originates the communication process.
10
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Chapter 9: Managing Groups and Teams
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Q1) Tuckman's Group Development Stage Model sequences group evolution in the following order: forming to norming to storming to performing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The appointed leader is often tested during the performing phase of group development.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jennifer has been very emphatic in her comments supporting the new addition to the product line.Christopher has been equally spirited in his opposition to the new item.Gordon and Antonio seem to be leaning to Jennifer's perspective while Marques supports Christopher.The discussion about the product has consumed the last hour of the meeting of the marketing group.At what stage of Tuckman's model does this group seem to be functioning?
A)forming.
B)storming.
C)norming.
D)performing.
Q4) The task role of ____________ includes "devil's advocate" behavior.
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Chapter 10: Conflict and Negotiations
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Q1) The conflict handling style that is uncooperative and unassertive is
A)compromise.
B)avoidance.
C)accommodation.
D)competition.
Q2) Nicholas is the production manager for a manufacturing firm.He has two supervisors who are experiencing conflict with each other based upon personality differences.Nicholas should have held a meeting last week to discuss next year's budget,but cancelled it because the two supervisors had a verbal confrontation on the shop floor the previous day.What conflict handling style is Nicholas demonstrating?
A)compromise
B)collaboration
C)avoidance
D)accommodation
Q3) Which of the following would be an effective means of stimulating conflict?
A)Assigning someone to play cooperator.
B)Encouraging disagreement with no fear of reprisal.
C)Creating a common enemy.
D)Building clarity into the situation.
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Chapter 11: Making Decisions
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Q1) Doris and Lydia are members of the Board of Directors at Beta Corporation.They are giving very serious consideration to voting to merge their company with Zeta Company for enhanced efficiency,effectiveness and competitive advantage.Doris and Lydia are making a(n)
A)strategic decision.
B)tactical decision.
C)operational decision.
D)programmed decision.
Q2) Which of the following would be a good piece of advice to offer a company that is trying to enhance organizational creativity?
A)Ensure team stability by keeping team membership intact for extended periods of time.
B)Reduce task significance.
C)Increase task conflict from moderate to high.
D)Incorporate creative behavior into the performance appraisal process.
Q3) Differentiate between the intuitive and creative decision-making processes.
Q4) Explain how group decision support systems can become counterproductive.
Q5) Tactical decisions are those concerned with how things get done.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Leading People Within Organizations
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Q1) Choose any two of the leadership theories presented in this chapter,define them and then compare and contrast the theories.
Q2) Task-oriented behaviors are also called
A)authoritarianism.
B)consideration.
C)initiating structure
D)laissez-faire.
Q3) Most research on leadership has been conducted on which of the following theories of leadership?
A)Fiedler's contingency theory
B)House's path-goal theory
C)transformational leadership theory
D)authentic leadership theory
Q4) A ______ ______ score from Fiedler's contingency theory means that an individual has a people-oriented personality and can separate his liking of a person from his ability to work with that person.
Q5) The __________ leadership style is appropriate for situations when tasks are boring and repetitive and they are stressful.
Q6) What is servant leadership?
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Chapter 13: Power and Politics
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Q1) If employees think that their organization is overly driven by politics
A)employees have lower job satisfaction,but are no less committed to the organization.
B)employees perform worse on their jobs.
C)employees have higher levels of job performance.
D)that perception is nearly impossible to change.
Q2) The use of client lists by advertisers and businesses to promote goods and services is an example of the _____________ influence tactic.And,it works!
A)pressure
B)personal appeal
C)exchange
D)coalition
Q3) Research shows that managers with high referent power tend to use pressure tactics much more frequently than those with low referent power.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the relationship between dependency and power?
Q5) When discussing dependency,the concept of ___________ means the uniqueness of a resource.
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Chapter 14: Organizational Structure and Change
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Q1) The most negative reaction to a proposed change attempt is
A)enthusiastic support.
B)active resistance.
C)passive resistance.
D)compliance.
Q2) Compare and contrast mechanistic and organic structures.
Q3) Do organizational structures differ around the world? Briefly explain your answer.
Q4) ___________ ___________ refers to how individual work and team work are coordinated within an organization.
Q5) Andy is vehemently opposed to the restructuring of the jobs in his department in the manufacturing firm.He decides that since no one is listening to what he has to say he will get their attention by damaging each of the parts he is making for tomorrow's shipment.This is an example of what kind of change reaction?
A)enthusiastic support
B)passive resistance
C)active resistance
D)compliance
Q6) What are the four building blocks of a company's structure?
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Chapter 15: Organizational Culture
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding the dimensions of culture?
A)Employees tend to stay longer in people-oriented cultures.
B)Outcome-oriented cultures hold managers accountable for success,but not other employees.
C)In team-oriented cultures,managers have less positive relationships with their subordinates than in other cultures.
D)Proactive behavior tends to emerge often in stable companies.
Q2) "People are generally dishonest" is an example of a
A)cultural orientation.
B)cultural artifact.
C)cultural value.
D)cultural assumption.
Q3) People-oriented cultures
A)value fairness,supportiveness and respecting individual rights.
B)value competitiveness and outperforming competitors.
C)are flexible,adaptable,and experiment with new ideas.
D)emphasize precision and paying attention to details.
Q4) Choose a firm with which you are very familiar and discuss how culture was created and is maintained in that firm.Use the culture creation-maintenance model to frame your discussion.
Page 17
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