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Inclusive Education explores the principles, policies, and practices that ensure all students, regardless of their diverse backgrounds, abilities, or needs, have equitable access to quality education in mainstream classrooms. This course examines legal frameworks, instructional strategies, curriculum adaptations, and supportive classroom environments that promote the participation and academic success of students with disabilities, cultural differences, and other learning challenges. Through case studies, practical activities, and reflective discussions, students will develop the knowledge and skills needed to foster inclusivity, collaboration, and respect among all learners.
Recommended Textbook
Exceptional Children and Youth 5th Edition by Nancy Hunt
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14 Chapters
520 Verified Questions
520 Flashcards
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39 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In this 1988 case, the Supreme Court ruled that a student receiving special education services cannot be expelled if the behavior in question is related to his or her disability:
A) Honig v. Doe.
B) Diana v. Board of Education.
C) Ingraham v. Wright.
D) Florence County School District v. Carter.
Answer: A
Q2) The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania decision provided that
A) overrepresentation of African-Americans in classes for the mentally retarded was de facto segregation.
B) a free and appropriate education be available to all students with mental retardation (currently called intellectual disabilities).
C) lack of funds was not a legitimate reason for not providing special education services. D) merely housing retarded persons in a facility did not constitute educating them.
Answer: B
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Q1) Universal Design for Learning (UDL) can best be defined as:
A) a special education curriculum developed to maximize the individual use of technology in academic learning.
B) an approach to creating specialized curricula that focuses on the use of specific learning strategies.
C) applying assistive and augmentative communication technology to the general education curriculum to provide access to all students.
D) creating a general curriculum that would allow all students to access the content.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is identified as a purpose of progress monitoring?
A) to identify students in need of additional or different forms of instruction.
B) to design stronger instructional programs.
C) to achieve better learning outcomes for students.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a component of an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)?
A) A statement of the family's strengths and needs (resources, priorities, and concerns)
B) A listing of specific services designed to meet the unique needs of each child and family
C) A statement about the agency, school district, and family's financial commitment to the early intervention options
D) A statement of major outcomes to be achieved by the child and family
Answer: C
Q2) Adverse events during which period of life often account for the most severe developmental outcomes?
A) Prenatal
B) Perinatal
C) Postnatal
D) Preconceptional
Answer: A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultural competence is based on the skills of A) spoken and written language.
B) eagerness to learn and to change others' beliefs.
C) awareness and communication.
D) reading and visual understanding.
Q2) What components of a parent-to-parent model of support are useful for parents of children with disabilities? Why are they important?
Q3) Interpreters who work with teachers and families
A) are often not familiar with the terminology of special education, including the disability itself.
B) are usually competent, experienced, and well-paid.
C) are usually available in a range of languages and dialects.
D) must be licensed and certified.
Q4) Thinking about a particular situation in ways that enhance well-being has been described as
A) cognitive coping.
B) social learning theory.
C) cognitive strategies training.
D) internal attribution.
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT essential to the reading process?
A) Enjoying the reading process
B) Analyzing words
C) Comprehending what one reads
D) Metacognition
Q2) An important area of special skills instruction for students with learning disabilities that is is
A) strategy instruction.
B) study skills instruction.
C) social skills instruction.
D) All of the above.
Q3) Which of the following areas is NOT identified in the IDEA definition of a learning disability?
A) Oral expression
B) Mathematics reasoning
C) Reading comprehension
D) Spelling
Q4) What are key factors of the definition of learning disabilities? What are the implications of each?
Q5) What is known about internal and external causes of learning disabilities?
Page 7
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most dramatic changes in adaptive behavior occur
A) during the prenatal period.
B) during infancy and the preschool period.
C) in elementary school.
D) in adulthood.
Q2) Which of the following strategies might maximize the probability of skill transfer, or generalization for the student with intellectual disabilities?
A) Practice the new skill repeatedly in the same setting.
B) Incorporate real-world materials into instruction.
C) Teach the student to focus on the task at hand and getting started.
D) Teach the student when to use specific strategies for remembering.
Q3) Which of the following factors is NOT considered part of the complex overrepresentation issue?
A) Teacher and school authority bias
B) The unequal distribution of school resources
C) Interpretations of actions related to testing policies
D) Learning characteristics of the children
Q4) What effect do intellectual disabilities have on a student's ability to learn in a general education classroom?
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Q1) According to Wolfsenberger, which of the following would be the least appropriate type of interaction with a teenager who has severe intellectual disabilities?
A) Taking her to watch a college gymnastics tournament
B) Communicating with her in sign language
C) Having her get a stylish haircut
D) Feeding her because she spills so much when she feeds herself
Q2) A national organization specifically established to address the needs of people with severe disabilities is the
A) Orton Dyslexic Society.
B) Council for Exceptional Children.
C) Association for Persons with Severe Handicapping Conditions.
D) Abnormal Child Development Society.
Q3) A curriculum that emphasizes preparation for life and includes only skills that will be useful to the student in home, school, or work environments is called a(n)
A) special-needs curriculum.
B) functional curriculum.
C) basic skills curriculum.
D) independence curriculum.
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classroom instructional strategies for students with ADHD focus on providing A) structure, consistency, and clear consequences.
B) drug therapy.
C) prevention techniques.
D) general, school-wide intervention programs.
Q2) The dimension of behavior that refers to its magnitude is A) rate.
B) intensity.
C) duration.
D) age-appropriateness.
Q3) The array of preventive and positive interventions designed to create and maintain a supportive and successful environment for individuals with behavior disorders is known as
A) behavior therapy.
B) positive behavioral support.
C) affective support treatment.
D) cognitive behavior modification.
Q4) What are some of the most effective methods of teaching academic skills to students with behavior disorders?
Q5) Why is Achenbach and Edelbrock's system of classification useful for teachers?
Page 10
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately 40 - 55% of children with autism also have
A) a behavior disorder.
B) intellectual disabilities.
C) physical disabilities.
D) a communication disorder.
Q2) Why is early intervention so important for children with autism? Identify two characteristics of effective early intervention for this population.
Q3) Activities such as twirling objects and flapping one's hands in front of one's face are examples of
A) echolalia.
B) repetitive behaviors.
C) self-abusive behaviors.
D) stereotypic behaviors.
Q4) What is meant by the phrase autism spectrum disorder? Define and differentiate autism, pervasive developmental disorders, and Asperger's syndrome.
Q5) How can the recent dramatic increase in the number of cases of autism be explained?
Q6) Describe applied behavior analysis (ABA) and its use with children with autism.
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classroom discourse refers to
A) the normal language routines of the classroom.
B) the amount of "teacher talk" in the classroom.
C) the opportunities students are given to speak in the classroom.
D) the amount of writing that students do in the classroom.
Q2) Define standardized assessment and ecological assessment and contrast the usefulness of the two forms of assessment for determining language competence.
Q3) It is thought that social interactions involving imitative vocal play and turn-taking, along with cognitive development in the area of memory span, help a child to
A) discriminate among the different children and adults in the environment.
B) discriminate between consonant and vowel sounds.
C) develop from babbling to speech.
D) develop fine motor skills.
Q4) Disorders in pitch and loudness fall into which of the following categories?
A) Language disorders
B) Voice disorders
C) Fluency disorders
D) Neurological disorders
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Q1) Compared to other groups of children served in special education programs, the number of children who are deaf and hard of hearing is
A) larger than the number of adults with hearing loss.
B) relatively small.
C) growing quickly.
D) relatively large.
Q2) Which statement about children who are deaf or hard of hearing is NOT correct?
A) They usually fail to catch up linguistically with their hearing peers while they are at school.
B) They usually exhibit some "home signs" when they come to school.
C) They begin school at a more developmentally appropriate level if they come from a family in which sign language is begun during infancy.
D) They are often deficient in cognitive abilities as well as in language skills.
Q3) The professional whose specialty is diseases of the ear is the A) pediatrician.
B) ophthalmologist.
C) otologist.
D) language pathologist.
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Sample Questions
Q1) The layer of specialized cells at the back of the eye is the A) retina.
B) lens.
C) optic nerve.
D) pupil.
Q2) Which of the following is an informal assessment, performed by a vision specialist or an orientation and mobility specialist, designed to provide recommendations for educational programming?
A) Criterion-based vision assessment
B) Measure of educational effectiveness
C) Functional vision assessment
D) Normed visual assessment
Q3) Children who are blind tend to ask inappropriate or off-the-topic questions in order to
A) gain knowledge of the physical world.
B) prove that they understand their surroundings.
C) maintain contact with conversation partners.
D) conquer fear of strangers.
Q4) How might a visual impairment affect a child in one of the following areas: cognitive, physical, or language development?
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Q1) Which of the following statements about cerebral palsy is true?
A) A combination of types of cerebral palsy is the most common.
B) Dyskinesia is the most common type.
C) Spasticity is the most common type.
D) Ataxia is the most common type.
Q2) Petit mal seizures
A) occur most frequently in children between the ages of 12 and 18.
B) are very brief, usually lasting between 15 and 30 seconds.
C) are clearly recognizable when they occur.
D) are also called presence seizures.
Q3) Which of the following conditions can be transmitted from one individual to another?
A) Juvenile diabetes
B) Epilepsy
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Q4) How might cognitive abilities be influenced by a lack of mobility that accompanies a physical disability?
Q5) Describe the steps a teacher should take to integrate a student with physical disabilities into the classroom.
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Sample Questions
Q1) Terman (1954) found that highly gifted individuals were
A) more inclined toward mental illness than their peers.
B) less sensitive to social injustice than their peers.
C) stronger, bigger, and healthier than their peers.
D) likely to come from deprived environments.
Q2) Which statement about the IQ tests used to identify students as gifted is correct?
A) They must be given individually.
B) They are generally considered the best measurements of giftedness.
C) They lead to underrepresentation of students with disabilities.
D) They lead to overrepresentation of linguistically diverse students.
Q3) Describe the criteria that are used to qualify a student as talented or as gifted.
Q4) Which of the following methods for working with gifted underachieving students tends to be least effective?
A) Making curricular changes that focus on the student's strengths and interests
B) Involving the family through communication and encouragement
C) Promoting the self-concept of the gifted student
D) Developing behavior contracts and appropriate punishments
Q5) Briefly explain how views of giftedness have changed through history.
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