Humanities: Western Culture I
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Humanities: Western Culture I explores the origins and development of Western civilization from ancient times through the Middle Ages. The course examines the literature, philosophy, art, religion, and social structures that have shaped Western thought and cultural identity. Through analysis of key texts and artifacts, students gain an understanding of the contributions and legacies of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and medieval Europe. The course encourages critical reflection on the historical context and enduring influence of Western cultural achievements.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition by Marvin Perry(check images and others
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) On the map of the Near East, use different colors to sketch in the areas where the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations were found.
Answer: The Mesopotamian civilization was located in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which is present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Turkey. You can sketch this area with one color on the map.
The Egyptian civilization was located along the Nile River in present-day Egypt. You can sketch this area with a different color on the map.
Q2) In explaining natural phenomena, ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians would refer to
A) analysis of what caused the event.
B) comparison to other similar events.
C) relating events to the actions of their leaders.
D) the intervention by gods.
E) natural and seasonal characteristics.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) The conquest of Judah by the Chaldeans in 586 B.C. is known in history as the
A) Assyrian conquest.
B) Babylonian captivity.
C) Sumerian conquest.
D) Egyptian enslavement.
E) Roman conquest.
Answer: B
Q2) Dead Sea Scrolls
Answer: The Dead Sea Scrolls are a collection of ancient Jewish religious texts and manuscripts that were discovered in the mid-20th century in the Qumran Caves near the Dead Sea in Israel. The scrolls date back to around the 3rd century BCE to the 1st century CE. They include biblical texts, as well as non-biblical writings, and provide valuable insights into the religious and cultural context of the time. The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls has been important for biblical scholarship, as it has helped to better understand the development of the Hebrew Bible and the origins of Christianity. The scrolls also shed light on the beliefs and practices of the Jewish community at the time, and have provided new perspectives on ancient Jewish history and literature.
Q3) Israel
Answer: Answer not provided.
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Sample Questions
Q1) The activities of Heinrich Schliemann resulted in
A) the discovery of the Mycenaean civilization.
B) the earliest translations of Homeric works.
C) excavations on the island of Attica.
D) an understanding of the route of the Dorian invasions.
E) the discovery of the Dorian civilization.
Answer: A
Q2) The Hellenistic thinker that taught that people should reject civic life
A) Epicurus
B) Zeno
C) Plato
D) Eratosthenes
E) Euclid
Answer: A
Q3) On the map of the Hellenistic World, transform Alexander's Empire into modern day states, areas, and nations. Please shade and identify.
Answer: The modern-day states, areas, and nations that were once part of Alexander's Empire include Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of India. I will shade and identify these areas on the map accordingly.
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Q1) All of the following statements are true of Vespasian except
A) his rise marked the beginning of the Flavian dynasty
B) constructed the Colosseum to house gladiatorial contests
C) defeated nationalists uprising in Gaul and Judea
D) was succeeded by Titus
E) defeated Nero in a civil war
Q2) The term used by city officials frozen to their positions under emperors Diocletian and Constantine was
A) curiales.
B) princeps.
C) portico.
D) ostracon.
E) maximus.
Q3) The author argues that the Romans greatest gift to Western Civilization was in the area of law. Explain what advancements the Romans made in the rule of law.
Q4) Summarize the multiple reasons for the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
Q5) "bread and circuses"
Q6) Horace
Q7) Actium
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) In the view of Saint Paul
A) Jesus' teachings were primarily for the Jews.
B) the Christian community was an oikoumene.
C) Mosaic Law could never be superseded.
D) Hebraic rituals should be followed, at least by those who were Jews.
E) circumcision and dietary regulations must be followed by all who accept Christ.
Q2) Logos
Q3) Diaspora
Q4) What was the basis for the Bishop of Rome's claims to superior authority in Christendom?
A) The fact that Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire
B) The existence of the catacombs in Rome
C) Jesus' statement that his followers should "give unto Caesar what is Caesar's"
D) Jesus' statement to the disciple Peter that "you are Peter and on this rock I shall build my church"
E) The fact that Rome is where Paul was crucified.
Q5) Saint Benedict
Q6) Pharisees
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of Classical, Christian, and Germanic Traditions
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Q1) The term Carolingian refers to people descendant from A) Charlemage
B) Charles Martel
C) Carol of Abbey
D) Clovis
E) Pope Charles I
Q2) The Pope that called for the Crusades was
A) Pope Gregory VII
B) Pope Benedict
C) Pope Urban II
D) Pope Leo III
E) Pope Philip
Q3) Catharism
Q4) Which of the following does NOT describe the gradual differences that eventually separated Latin Christendom and Byzantium?
A) Byzantium eventually adopted the Persian language.
B) Rome refused to recognize Byzantine emperors.
C) Byzantine emperors ruled over a theocracy.
D) Iconography became an issue between the two churches
E) With time, Byzantine became more Eastern in culture.
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Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the Great Schism is correct?
A) The French monarch believed it was important to support Urban VI.
B) The Holy Roman Emperor, from the start, refused to get involved in the issue.
C) At one time, there were three men who claimed to be pope.
D) The Great Schism ended in 1414.
E) All of these
Q2) Which of the following popes issued the Clericis Laicos?
A) Gregory VIII
B) Urban II
C) Clement III
D) Boniface VIII
E) Benedict XI
Q3) Gregory XI
Q4) The papal residence at Avignon was related to
A) an attempt to live an austere life, removed from the luxury of Rome.
B) a temporary residence set up at the French frontier.
C) an attempt to resolve the Hundred Years' War.
D) a reform movement encouraged by bishops and cardinals.
E) the pope's attempt to challenge the French King Philip.
Q5) Jan Hus
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) Huguenots
Q2) The largest group in the Radical Reformation before 1550 was the A) Presbyterians.
B) Lutherans.
C) Calvinists.
D) Anabaptists.
E) Mennonites.
Q3) Henry VIII of England
Q4) According to Machiavelli, a prince would be successful if he
A) ultimately became pope.
B) honestly explain his goals and actions to his people.
C) would guarantee the security of his position and state with no regard for morality.
D) would expect his government to guarantee trust and integrity by not violating any agreements with other nations or leaders.
E) would never resort to cruelty and terror.
Q5) The Index of Prohibited Books
Q6) Lorenzo Valla
Q7) Elizabeth I
Q8) Cosimo de' Medici Page 10
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution
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Q1) The Portuguese victory at ____ illustrated the permanent presence of the West in the Orient.
A) Diu
B) Ceylon
C) Calicut
D) Java
E) Goa
Q2) By the end of the fifteenth century the ____ had developed a viable imperial economy based on black slaves, gold, and sugar.
A) Dutch
B) French
C) Danes
D) Portuguese
E) English
Q3) Private enterprise
Q4) The French monarchy of the seventeenth century has become virtually symbolic of royal absolutism. List some elements of the growth of royal power during the seventeenth century.
Q5) convertible husbandry
Q6) Hernando Cortés
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific Revolution
and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Which of the following was a recognized leader of the French Enlightenment?
A) Voltaire
B) Hobbes
C) Locke
D) Paine
E) Beccaria
Q2) Central to the practice of modern science is the experimental method of investigation and testing scientific theories. Who were some of the pioneers of experimental method in the Scientific Revolution and what were their achievements?
Q3) Diderot
Q4) Who said, "I think therefore I am"?
A) Trismegistus
B) Descartes
C) Galen
D) Atwood
E) Newton
Q5) Explain how Enlightenment ideas, in breaking with the medieval worldview, had an impact on the modern intellectual perspective.
Q6) Galileo
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) How was the French Revolution an outgrowth of the Enlightenment?
Q2) the Vendée
Q3) On a map of Europe, locate the following dependent states of the French Empire: Spain, the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Naples, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and the Confederation of the Rhine.
Q4) Jena
Q5) Waterloo
Q6) What issue finally caused the rift between aristocracy and bourgeoisie during the meeting of the Estates General?
A) The Civil Constitution
B) The Tennis Court Oath
C) How the Estates General was seated and voted.
D) The development of more entitlements
E) The grievances of the Third Estate.
Q7) "War to the Knife"
Q8) "crowned Jacobin"
Q9) Frederick William III
Q10) Banalities Page 15
Q12) Grand Duchy of Warsaw
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) Explain why Britain pioneered the Industrial Revolution.
Q2) Which of the following was the most rapidly growing social group by the mid-nineteenth century?
A) Servants
B) Artisans
C) Factory workers
D) Rural laborers
E) The middle class
Q3) The Public Health Act (1848)
Q4) Which statement is LEAST true of the newly industrial cities?
A) The cities populations grew rapidly.
B) Cities developed significant problems with sanitation and lighting due to lack of planning.
C) Pollution became a significant problem.
D) Child and infant mortality rates reached as high as 26 out of every 100.
E) Local governments attempted to regulate their growth.
Q5) Utopian scientists
Q6) urbanization
Q7) Chartists
Q8) John Kay Page 17
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) On a blank map of Europe, designate with arrows the countries that may be associated with the following cultural figures: Shelley, Wordsworth, Keats, and Byron; Hugo and Chateaubriand; Schlegel, Schiller, Schelling, and Beethoven.
Q2) The American and French revolutions were crucial phases in the history of
A) conservatism.
B) romanticism.
C) liberalism.
D) radicalism.
E) socialism.
Q3) Conservatives were generally
A) critical of Enlightenment principles that released instincts religion had once controlled.
B) suspicious of the theory of natural rights.
C) fearful of utopian visions and those who would implement them by force.
D) of the view that human wickedness was not caused by a faulty environment, but lay at the core of human nature.
E) All of these
Q4) tabula rasa
Q5) Friedrich Schlegel
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) Zollverein
Q2) How did Bismarck use war to further his plan for the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership?
Q3) The Revolution of 1848 in France lead to all of the following except
A) abdication of King Louis Philippe.
B) the creation of a new republic in France.
C) expansion of voting rights.
D) the election of Louis Napoleon as President.
E) the demonstrated proof of a new radical population in France.
Q4) Metternich
Q5) Giuseppe Mazzini
Q6) Why did the revolutions of 1848 collapse? How did this failure mark the end of the revolutionary spirit of the French Revolution?
Q7) During the war between France and Prussia
A) the South German states joined the French against the Prussian threat.
B) Napoleon III defeated the Prussian ending the rise of Prussia.
C) Austria came to France's aid.
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D) Napoleon III was captured and Parisians were threatened with starvation.
E) Bismarck lost his gamble that the southern Germans would ally with Prussia.
Q8) Magyars
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, Positivism, Darwinism, and Social
Criticism
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Q1) One may correctly say of John Stuart Mill's work On Liberty that
A) it influenced Marx's Communist Manifesto.
B) it referred to liberty as a supreme good.
C) it expressed a fear of anarchism if people were not somehow restricted.
D) the state should restrict citizens' beliefs to Biblical morality.
E) citizens can develop their moral and intellectual potential in an authoritarian state.
Q2) Seneca Falls
Q3) realism
Q4) According to Marx, the engine of historical change was A) class struggle.
B) Absolute Spirit.
C) the masses' envy of the wealthy.
D) long-term fluctuations in the price of basic foods.
E) racial conflict.
Q5) What arguments were used to challenge Marxism?
Q6) How did Marx explain that capitalism would be destroyed?
Q7) Can you discover similarities in Marxist and liberal thought of the late nineteenth century? Was there a major difference in their approaches? Page 22
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Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century: Modernization,
Nationalism, Imperialism
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Q1) Revolutionary changes that furthered the growth of industry included the railroad, diesel engines, the assembly and A) telegraph
B) satellites
C) preliminary computers
D) robotics
E) solar energy.
Q2) Using arrows, locate on a world map the area with which each of the following should be associated: the Great Trek, the Opium War, the "march to the sea," the Open Door Policy, Matthew Perry's entry into a famous harbor, and at least one of the sites relating to gunboat diplomacy. Label each area by name.
Q3) Lydia Becker
Q4) Historians call the second half of the nineteenth century the Second Industrial Revolution because of the A) surge for liberalism.
B) surge of socialism.
C) increase in the speed and scale of economic and social transformation.
D) surge for nationalism.
E) surge of conservatism.
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature,
Human Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) In 1927, Werner Heisenberg demonstrated that A) everything is relative.
B) it is impossible to know the precise position and velocity of an electron at a given moment.
C) nothing can travel faster than the speed of light.
D) quantum mechanic wave functions were representations of statistical probability.
E) we can have a complete knowledge of the universe.
Q2) All of the following statements describe Nietzsche's attack on Christianity EXCEPT A) Christianity saddled people with guilt
B) Christian values led to the deterioration of life and culture.
C) Christian doctrines continue to increase the worth of a man's soul.
D) God is man's own creation.
E) Morality, values, and truths do not derive from God.
Q3) Max Planck
Q4) Wassily Kandinsky
Q5) Sigmund Freud
Q6) Cubism
Q7) Albert Einstein
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) Aleksandr Kerensky
Q2) Which of the following statements is not correct?
A) After 1870, Bismarck was uninterested in more territory for the German Empire.
B) For Bismarck, the isolation of France was paramount.
C) Bismarck thought a war between Austria and Russia would benefit Germany by weakening archrivals.
D) Bismarck wanted to moderate tensions between Austria and Russia.
E) Bismarck forged complex alliances.
Q3) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the war between A) Germany and Russia.
B) France and Germany.
C) The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance.
D) The Ottoman Empire and Germany.
E) Italy and Austria.
Q4) Woodrow Wilson
Q5) George Heym
Q6) Trench Warfare
Q7) Explain the reasons that impelled the United States to enter the war. Explain why the United States waited so long to enter the conflict.
Page 26
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) Otto Dix
Q2) Ernest Hemingway
Q3) Jose Ortega y Gasset defined his "mass-men" as
A) the proletariat.
B) the peasantry.
C) those that cannot or will not think rationally.
D) those who have not received a higher education.
E) the elite.
Q4) Under the New Economic Policy, the Bolsheviks
A) confiscated the last remaining small businesses and peasant farms in Russia.
B) gave up control of banks and the steel industry.
C) funneled government investment towards consumer industries.
D) allowed for the return to small-scale capitalism.
E) controlled all the crop harvests of the peasants.
Q5) March on Rome
Q6) Why was the Soviet Union so popular to so many intellectuals? Name some who criticized the communist experiment.
Q7) Leader State
Q9) Kristallnacht Page 27
Q8) How would you explain the basic outlook of Oswald Spengler?
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Chapter 20: World War 2: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) What was the fate of the majority of Soviet POWs held by the Nazis?
A) Death in the POW camps
B) Resettlement in the Balkans
C) Enlistment in Vlasov's army
D) Transport to Britain
E) Enlistment in the German army
Q2) Omaha Beach.
Q3) How did the war change the role of women?
Q4) Maginot Line
Q5) Manchukuo may be connected with
A) the safe area for Chinese communists.
B) a Japanese puppet state.
C) the fall of Korea.
D) the base from which planes left for Pearl Harbor.
E) the defeat at Iwo Jima.
Q6) Auschwitz
Q7) Nazi Soviet Pact
Q9) Battle of Midway Page 29
Q8) What types of resistance movements existed in Europe during World War II? Explain.
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Chapter 21: Europe After World War 2: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) Cuban Missile Crisis
Q2) John Paul II
Q3) The division of Pakistan and India
A) separated Muslim and Hindu residents of the region.
B) ended British rule in Pakistan but left a British presence in India.
C) was the idea of Gandhi's for permanent peace.
D) grew out of Soviet influence in Pakistan.
E) was enforced by United Nations troops.
Q4) Most major historical events have multiple causes. Judging from the text, what were some of the causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Communist party's monopoly on political power in 1991?
Q5) How did European and Western powers deal with the revived calls for independence from their colonial holdings after World War II?
Q6) Nikita Khrushchev fell from power
A) while he was on vacation.
B) in the midst of the bungled Cuban Missile Crisis.
C) after he sent troops into Hungary.
D) because he denounced Stalin.
E) while he was visiting the United States.
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Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) After unification, East Germans encountered all of the following problems and concerns EXCEPT
A) East German was required to apply for German citizenship after unification.
B) Most East Germans have had little experience with democracy.
C) Capitalism is confusing to many East Germans.
D) East Germans are more unemployed because of the closing of factories in the Eastern sector.
E) East Germans are more likely to react against immigrants who they consider to be outsiders.
Q2) During the twentieth century, the world's population has virtually A) doubled.
B) tripled.
C) quadrupled.
D) declined due to birth control.
E) increased by one and a half times.
Q3) Taliban
Q4) Vladimir Putin
Q5) Tony Blair
Q6) Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)
Q7) Shock Therapy
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