Humanities since 1600
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course examines the evolution of global humanities from 1600 to the present, exploring key developments in literature, philosophy, art, music, religion, and cultural history. Students will analyze the impact of significant historical events such as the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, colonialism, modern wars, and globalization on artistic and intellectual expression. Through critical readings, discussions, and creative projects, the course highlights the ways in which diverse societies have grappled with questions of identity, morality, power, and the human experience, encouraging students to make connections between past and present ideas and movements.
Recommended Textbook
Humanities Culture Continuity and Change Volume II 3rd Edition by Henry M. Sayre
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Chapter 21: The Baroque in Italy: the Church and Its Appeal
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Q1) In her paintings,Elisabetta Sirani depicted Christianity's miracles as
A) everyday events.
B) mythological events.
C) sexual experiences.
D) dramas of harmony.
Answer: A
Q2) Claudio Monteverdi's first opera was inspired by the Greek myth
A) Prometheus and Pandora.
B) Orpheus and Eurydice.
C) Paris and Helen of Troy.
D) Zeus and Leda.
Answer: B
Q3) A defining characteristic of Baroque art is
A) attention to viewers' emotional experience of a work.
B) return to the forms and proportions of Classical art.
C) focus on symbolism.
D) minimal decoration and sensuousness.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter
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Q1) In Johannes Vermeer's Woman with a Pearl Necklace,the pearls might represent A) wealth.
B) foreign trade.
C) purity.
D) greed.
Answer: C
Q2) The "broken" tulip,so highly valued by the seventeenth-century Dutch,is created by A) a virus.
B) cross-breeding.
C) a mutation.
D) a fungus.
Answer: A
Q3) Rembrandt painted many self-portraits primarily because A) he wished to emulate Albrecht Dürer's self-portrait.
B) he felt compelled to indulge his excessive vanity.
C) the market demanded works with his image.
D) his own face provided the ideal practice subject.
Answer: D
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Chapter 23: The Baroque Court: Absolute Power and Royal Patronage
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Q1) Why has the era of Louis XIV's reign come to be known as the Age of Absolutism?
A) Science was providing answers for what previously was unknown.
B) Louis was a strong monarch who exerted power based on divine right.
C) Artists and architects looked to the absolutes of Classical style.
D) Louis XIV served as monarch both to France and the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: B
Q2) What new dance form,which quickly became the age's most popular,emerged from Louis's court?
A) ballet
B) bal-musette
C) canarie
D) minuet
Answer: D
Q3) The Christ child in the Laguna retablo shows a unification of Pueblo and Christian traditions by
A) holding a green peyote button.
B) being swaddled in a buffalo hide.
C) having the eyes and mouth of a kachina.
D) being dressed in silver and gold cloth.
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 24: The Rise of the Enlightenment in England: the
Claims of Reason
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Q1) What form allowed George Frederick Handel to perform biblical productions on stage after he had one work banned?
A) opera
B) ballet
C) concerto
D) oratorio
Q2) Why did the Hawaiians kill Captain Cook in 1779?
A) He overreacted to a Hawaiian's theft of a small boat.
B) He allowed his men to have sex with Hawaiian prostitutes.
C) He fired his ship's cannon at the beach.
D) He refused to pay homage to the Hawaiian gods.
Q3) In his Marriage á la Mode series,engraver William Hogarth satirizes
A) Italian art.
B) French pornography.
C) lawyers.
D) a loveless couple.
Q4) Describe three ways the 1666 Great Fire of London improved London.
Q5) Explain the connection between Captain Cook's explorations in the Pacific and the ideas that were arising in England during the Enlightenment.
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Chapter 25: The Rococo and the Enlightenment on the
Continent: Privilege and Reason
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Q1) The philosophes were attracted to China for its
A) republican government.
B) Buddhist beliefs.
C) high level of advancement. 0p990
D) simplified lifestyle.
Q2) According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau,people were born with natural goodness but lost it upon
A) philosophical study.
B) corruption by society and civilization
C) formal education.
D) exposure to organized religion.
Q3) What Joseph Haydn development was the first of the new Classical genres?
A) symphony
B) German opera
C) sonata
D) string quartet
Q4) Show how François Boucher's paintings of Madame de Pompadour-Madame de Pompadour and The Toilet of Venus-were propagandistic in terms of her roles with Louis XV.
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Q5) Identify and explain two examples of Europe and China influencing one another.
Chapter 26: The Rights of Man: Revolution and the
Neoclassical
Style
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Q1) In the new America,the Neoclassical style of architecture was called the A) Venetian style.
B) Adam style.
C) Federal style.
D) Roman style.
Q2) How is Jacques-Louis David's Napoleon Crossing the Saint-Bernard historically inaccurate?
A) Napoleon was much shorter than David painted him.
B) Napoleon did not cross the Alps with his army.
C) Napoleon wears a crown even though he was not emperor.
D) Napoleon crossed the Alps on a mule, not a white horse.
Q3) Describe the significance of Phyllis Wheatley's contribution to literature.
Q4) The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was influenced by the writings of A) Voltaire.
B) Thomas Hobbes.
C) Thomas Paine.
D) Thomas Jefferson.
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Q5) List and explain two ways Napoleon used art as propaganda,citing two works as examples.
Chapter 27: The Romantic World View: the Self in Nature
and the Nature of Self
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Q1) William Wordsworth's co-writer for Lyrical Ballads was
A) Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
B) Dorothy Wordsworth.
C) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
D) John Keats.
Q2) List and describe three beliefs of the Romantic artists.
Q3) List three characteristics of the Romantic hero,showing how Napoleon fit this character type.
Q4) Identify and explain the main theme of Keats's "Ode on a Grecian Urn."
Q5) Citing at least two specific examples,explain how Beethoven's "heroic" music evokes subjective feeling.
Q6) What Percy Bysshe Shelley work is the poet's answer to the mistakes of the French Revolution?
A) Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
B) The Cenci
C) Prometheus Unbound
D) The Prisoner of Chillon
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Q7) List,explain,and provide specific examples for three developments in music during the Romantic age.
Chapter
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Q1) In London,during the early to mid-1800s,how many children of the poor died before the age of one?
A) one in two
B) one in three
C) one in four
D) one in five
Q2) Explain the events that inspired the creation of Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa.
Q3) What process led most directly into modern photography?
A) daguerreotype
B) lithography
C) photogenic drawing
D) calotype
Q4) Define "literary realism," and list two examples by different authors.
Q5) How long did imprinting an image on a metal plate-a daguerreotype-take?
A) 1 to 2 minutes
B) 3 to 5 minutes
C) 8 to 10 minutes
D) 15 to 20 minutes
Q6) Describe the living and working conditions of nineteenth-century London.
Page 10
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Chapter 29: Defining a Nation: American National Identity and
the Challenge of Civil War
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Q1) How did the American Civil War change the nature of warfare?
A) It allowed different races to fight together.
B) It witnessed former fellow countrymen fighting each other.
C) Its battlefields were on civilians' properties.
D) It was mechanized and impersonal, without pageantry.
Q2) In A Visit from the Old Mistress,Winslow Homer portrays the old mistress dressed in black and the former slaves in white to
A) celebrate the new equality of the races.
B) heighten the tension of the scene.
C) show the disparity in wealth between them.
D) balance the colors of his composition.
Q3) The triumph of Huckleberry Finn lies in the
A) arrival at a state of near equality through modifications in speech.
B) mutual compassion between Miss Watson and Aunt Sally.
C) justice served to the most racist characters.
D) emergent appreciation of Jim's humanity.
Q4) Explain Louis Agassiz's theory about the different races and its appeal to many Americans.
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Q5) Define Emerson's Transcendentalist beliefs,and show how his friend Thoreau lived what Emerson preached.
Chapter 30: Global Confrontation and Modern Life: the
Quest for Cultural Identity
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Q1) Why did French audiences react so negatively to Richard Wagner's Tannhäuser?
A) The plot hopelessly Romantic.
B) It was performed in the German language.
C) It was a second-act dance, not a ballet.
D) The German plot inflamed French hostility.
Q2) Charles Baudelaire was forced to remove six poems from his book Les Fleurs du mal because they
A) criticized the French government.
B) had themes of lesbianism and vampirism.
C) presented a romanticized view of death.
D) celebrated the lives of French prostitutes.
Q3) Compare the two views of nineteenth-century women that George Sand presents in her novel Lélia.
Q4) Describe the role cotton played in Europe's subjugation of at least three non-European countries.
Q5) Mehmet Ali presented France with an obelisk from Luxor Temple
A) for the help of the French in industrializing Egypt.
B) in gratitude for helping him become Egypt's viceroy.
C) for France's military support in his invasion of Turkey.
D) as payment for money borrowed from France.
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Chapter 31: The Promise of Renewal: Hope and Possibility in
Late Nineteenth-Century Europe
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Q1) Claude Monet,Pierre-Auguste Renoir,Edgar Degas,and other artists founded a Société anonyme to
A) help rebuild French culture.
B) unionize the French artists.
C) challenge the Salon's exhibits.
D) show their art anonymously.
Q2) Édouard Manet's paints the barmaid in A Bar at the Folies-Bergère looking past the painting's viewer to emphasize her
A) low social status.
B) promiscuity.
C) superiority.
D) isolation.
Q3) Why did the 13 Russian artists known as the Travelers show their paintings across the country instead of in an urban gallery?
A) The aristocracy disliked their paintings' realism.
B) They desired to spread their message of social reform.
C) No urban gallery would display their work.
D) The tsar feared they would stir up a rebellion.
Q4) Identify and explain two ways Tchaikovsky's music furthered Russian nationalism.
Page 13
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Chapter 32: The Course of Empire: Expansion and Conflict in America
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Q1) The frontier gave Americans
A) unprecedented wealth.
B) dominant individualism.
C) capitalistic economy.
D) cultural exchange.
Q2) How did Jane McCrea become a symbol of Native American and white relations?
A) She lived peacefully with Native Americans.
B) Native Americans captured, killed, and scalped her.
C) Native Americans taught her their Ghost Dance.
D) She led the Trail of Tears into Oklahoma.
Q3) The Plains tribes began performing the Ghost Dance in 1889 to
A) make the white people disappear.
B) prepare for battle at Wounded Knee.
C) bring about peace with the white people.
D) honor those who died from smallpox.
Q4) Not exactly well received during his time,Walt Whitman and his works continue to influence writers today.Identify and describe at least two ways Whitman changed American literature.
Page 14
Q5) Define and show with at least three specific examples the ways artists in the latter part of the nineteenth century viewed women.
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Chapter 33: The Fin De Siècle: Toward the Modern
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Q1) Southern Africans submitted themselves to the prison-like conditions of working in the diamond mines to
A) escape the poverty of their tribes.
B) earn money to buy Western weapons.
C) smuggle out some of the diamonds they found.
D) avoid being enslaved by warring tribes.
Q2) Vincent van Gogh was foremost concerned with
A) investigating the scientific properties of color.
B) observing how light interacts with surfaces.
C) critiquing European society.
D) discovering a universal harmony.
Q3) Define "pointillism," and explain Georges Seurat's use of it to reflect and to create mood.
Q4) In Still Life with Plaster Cast,Paul Cézanne's use of two viewpoints seems to suggest his view that
A) a painting is best created while moving about.
B) perspective can be symbolic, charged with feelings.
C) people do not view the world from a single point of view.
D) the human eye can be tricked into focusing on certain details.
Q5) List and define in depth two beliefs of Friedrich Nietzsche.
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Chapter 34: The Era of Invention: Paris and the Modern World
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Q1) Why can Pablo Picasso's Bottle of Suze be viewed as a political statement about the first Balkan War?
A) The map shows the Balkans.
B) A gun rests beside the bottle.
C) Suze is a Balkan aperitif.
D) The newspaper describes a battle.
Q2) Arnold Schoenberg created his 12-tone system to
A) abandon the home-key idea of tonality.
B) show that every tone was equal to every other.
C) give his Sprechstimme (speech-song) a wider range.
D) reflect song with more explosive force.
Q3) Identify and explain the three characteristics of Imagist poetry.
Q4) Identify and explain three specific examples for motion being a defining characteristic of early-twentieth-century art.
Q5) Pablo Picasso's portrait of Gertrude Stein represents a shift in art form
A) the literal to the conceptual.
B) the conceptual to the symbolic.
C) the symbolic to the abstract.
D) the abstract to the surreal.
Q6) List and explain three reasons early motion pictures appealed to people. Page 16
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Chapter 35: The Great War and Its Impact: a Lost
Generation and a New Imagination
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Q1) Much of Kazimir Malevich's Suprematist art depends on the square to A) undermine the efforts of the Cubo-Futurists.
B) represent the world's four corners.
C) free art from objectivity's weight.
D) express deep emotion.
Q2) Define "Dadaism," and identify the reasons for its rise,supporting your ideas with at least one specific Dada work.
Q3) The Nazi government banned Erich Maria Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front for being too
A) antimilitaristic.
B) violent.
C) crass.
D) nationalistic.
Q4) Who declared of the survivors of World War I,"You are all a lost generation"?
A) Erich Maria Remarque
B) Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
C) John Singer Sargent
D) Gertrude Stein
Q5) List and define Freud's three competing drives of human personality.
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Chapter 36: New York, skyscraper Culture, and the Jazz
Age: Making It New
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Q1) Compare the symbolism of the machine in E.E.Cummings's "she being brand" and William Carlos Williams's "The Great Figure."
Q2) Why did Charles Steeler title his painting of the Ford factory Classic Landscape?
A) The title is meant ironically.
B) The title refers to classic cars.
C) The factory evokes Classical Greek and Roman architecture.
D) The factory forms evoke timeless natural forms.
Q3) Frank Lloyd Wright's domestic architectural designs are inspired by A) nature.
B) the Cubists.
C) the Neo-Gothic style. D) machines.
Q4) Identify and explain two reasons for America's infatuation with its distinct invention,the skyscraper.
Q5) All of the following genres of film were popularized by the 1920s EXCEPT A) comedy. B) musical.
C) Western. D) gangster.
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Chapter 37: The Age of Anxiety: Fascism and Depression,
holocaust and Bomb
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Q1) During America's Great Depression,approximately how much of the national workforce was unemployed?
A) one-tenth
B) one-fourth
C) one-third
D) one-half
Q2) Frida Kahlo's self-portraits document
A) the Mexican Revolution.
B) New York society.
C) her Surrealist dreams.
D) her personal tragedy.
Q3) Nelson A.Rockefeller had Diego Rivera's fresco Man at the Crossroads Looking with Hope and High Vision to a New and Better Future destroyed,because it
A) portrayed workers in communist red scarves.
B) included a portrait of Vladimir Lenin.
C) celebrated the Mexican revolution.
D) showed Rockefeller enjoying a cocktail.
Q4) Identify and explain three ways the Great Depression recovery Work Projects Administration (WPA)aided the arts,listing a specific example of each way.
Page 20
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Q1) Minimalist art seems to ask an intriguing question-what,minimally,makes a work of art? Using as your examples the works discussed in this chapter,list three qualities necessary for a work to be considered art.
Q2) The theme of hell being other people is most central to
A) Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot.
B) Albert Camus's The Stranger.
C) Jean-Paul Sartre's Huis Clos (No Exit).
D) Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex.
Q3) What question did the Minimalists seem to ask with their works?
A) Why must art include imagery?
B) What makes a work of art?
C) How can art be made new?
D) What role does a viewer play?
Q4) Two examples of color-field painters are
A) Joan Mitchell and Mark Rothko.
B) Grace Hartigan and Joan Mitchell.
C) Helen Frankenthaler and Mark Rothko.
D) Mark Rothko and Grace Hartigan.
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Q5) Define "existentialism," and give two reasons for its appeal to post-World War II people.
Chapter 39: Multiplicity and Diversity: Cultures of Liberation and
Identity in the 1960s and 1970s
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Q1) Christo and Jeanne-Claude chose to erect their umbrellas in California and Japan to A) symbolize their interdependence in the electronic revolution.
B) honor California's large Japanese-American population.
C) commemorate the 50th anniversary of the U.S. bombing of Japan.
D) show the dramatic difference in landscape between the two countries.
Q2) Summarize the role popular music played in the youth rebellion of the 1960s.
Q3) In his mural F-111,James Rosenquist equates the military with consumer culture by
A) juxtaposing consumer products with the fighter plane.
B) painting product advertisements on the plane's body.
C) symbolizing the war with various product labels.
D) showing American consumers in awe of the bomber.
Q4) Why did Robert Smithson used the spiral shape for its
A) association with pagan religions.
B) symbolism of rebirth and renewal.
C) prevalence in nature and ornamentation.
D) reflection of the Great Salt Lake's shape.
Q5) Compare the statements made about "penis envy" in Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique to Sylvia Plath's "Lady Lazarus."
Page 22
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Chapter 40: Without Boundaries: Multiple Meanings in a
Postmodern World
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Q1) Define "green architecture," and explain how it fits with the concept of postmodern architecture.Then describe two examples-one from the book and one from your community.
Q2) Deconstruction is typical of postmodernism in its
A) determination of a reader's response to a work.
B) analysis of individual words.
C) inherently cross-cultural approach to criticism.
D) exposure of the possibilities of meaning.
Q3) Chaos theory has been applied to medical research in
A) the manufacture of antibiotics
B) understanding DNA sequences
C) predicting the spread of viruses
D) decreasing infant mortality
Q4) What is one of the primary theoretical principles of postmodern thought?
A) Works contain a plurality of meanings.
B) Meaning resides in the creator's intent.
C) Meaning takes a backseat to creation.
D) Meaning is relative to context.
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Q5) As briefly yet clearly as possible,explain how chaos theory and the butterfly effect fit with the ideas of postmodernism.