Humanities: Art History
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of art history, tracing the development of visual arts from ancient civilizations to contemporary movements. Through the examination of painting, sculpture, architecture, and other artistic forms, students will analyze the cultural, social, and historical contexts that have shaped artistic expression across different periods and regions. The course encourages critical thinking about visual culture, fosters appreciation for a wide range of artistic traditions, and introduces key methods and theories used in the discipline of art history.
Recommended Textbook
Art History 5th Edition by Michael W. Cothren
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33 Chapters
2787 Verified Questions
2787 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Prehistoric Art in Europ
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The animals at Lascaux are painted in a system known as _____________, which shows horns, eyes, and hoofs from the front, while heads and bodies are rendered in profile.
A) composite pose
B) dual perspective
C) combined imaging
D) primitive positioning
Answer: A
Q2) As long ago as __________ BCE, figurines of people and animals appeared.
A) 50,000
B) 30,000
C) 25,000
D) 10,000
Answer: B
Q3) Which Neolithic site is an example of a passage grave?
A) Stonehenge
B) Newgrange
C) Durrington Walls
D) Cernavoda
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Art of the Ancient Near East
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84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ may have been the first group of people to work in iron.
A) Persians
B) Hittites
C) Gudeans
D) Lullubians
Answer: B
Q2) Cylinder seals, which were often buried with the dead, were signs of ____________.
A) favor of the gods
B) belief in the afterlife
C) status or high office
D) penance
Answer: C
Q3) The first domestication of grains occurred in the area known as the __________.
A) Fertile Crescent
B) Hattusha
C) Zagros mountains
D) Persia
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Art of Ancient Egypt
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prominent individuals, who were not of royal descent, were typically represented in more __________postures in Old Kingdom sculpture.
A) lifelike
B) formal
C) idealized
D) stylized
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following characterizes the Amarna style in art?
A) formal poses and situations
B) respect for royal tradition
C) physical distortion
D) all of the above
Answer: C
Q3) With its full figure, the statue depicting ________________ represents a new female ideal.
A) Nefertari
B) Hatshepsut
C) Karomama
D) Nefretiti
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Art of the Ancient Aegean
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sir Arthur Evans named the Minoan civilization after the legend of __________, whose half-man, half-bull son was said to live in a maze below the palace.
A) Europa
B) Paris
C) Apollo
D) King Minos
Q2) What have archaeologists found most helpful in determining dates for their Aegean finds?
A) Pottery
B) The volcanic eruption on Thera
C) Geographic descriptions in the Illiad
D) Shipwrecks in the Mediterranean
Q3) The stones used in the citadel of Mycenae are so massive that they are called __________.
A) megalithic
B) megarons
C) cyclopean
D) pylons
Q4) How did the Mycenaean tomb develop from the shaft grave to the tholos tomb?
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Chapter 5: Art of Ancient Greece
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Propylaia was a monumental entrance to the Athenian akropolis, which also housed one of the earliest known _______.
A) restaurants
B) museums
C) libraries
D) theaters
Q2) In the fifth century BCE, one of the major proponents of the ideal city plan was
A) Lysippos
B) Epigonos
C) Iktinos
D) Hippodamos of Miletos
Q3) Some scholars think that the Greek's defeat of the Persians in 480 BCE had what effect on Greek art?
A) Near Eastern traditions became more acceptable in Greek art
B) It accelerated artistic developments that led to the Classical style
C) Greek art was used as propaganda against the Persians
D) None
Q4) How and where did the early Greek polis originate?
Q5) What stories did the pediments on the Parthenon tell?
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Chapter 6: Etruscan and Roman Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) What events took place in the Colosseum ?
Q2) How does the large Head of Constantine the Great combine traditional and abstract qualities?
Q3) Which metalworking technique was used to decorate bronze Etruscan cistae?
A) painting
B) engraving
C) repousse
D) niello
Q4) The Flavian Amphitheater was started under the emperor__________.
A) Vespasian
B) Commodus
C) Augustus
D) Constantine
Q5) How and when did the Romans form a republic centered in Rome?
Q6) Housing in a Roman city was made up of apartment blocks called __________.
A) compartments
B) segments
C) insulae
D) burrows.
Q7) Why is Republican period portraiture considered veristic?
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Chapter 7: Jewish and Early Christian Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Examples of Christian sculpture before the fourth century include all of the following EXCEPT ____________.
A) sarcophagi
B) small statues
C) reliefs
D) large-scale figures
Q2) In the central scene of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, Christ appears as _____________.
A) a miracle worker
B) Roman emperor distributing legal authority
C) an Old Testament prophet
D) the sun god Helios
Q3) Any large room where Torah scrolls are kept and read publicly can function as a ___________.
A) synagogue
B) house-church
C) basilica
D) martyrium
Q4) What was the purpose of Baptism?
Q5) What was the purpose of the Edict of Milan?
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Chapter 8: Byzantine Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where are many of the best examples of Christian churches of the Middle Byzantine era located?
A) Ravenna
B) Constantinople
C) Greece
D) None of the above
Q2) How do the mosaics in the Church of the Dormition at Daphni convey a mood and message?
Q3) The Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels in the Monastery of St. Catherine in Egypt is a rare example of a sixth century ________.
A) manuscript
B) platter
C) ivory
D) icon
Q4) What two forms have books taken?
Q5) What were the purposes of Byzantine manuscripts?
Q6) Why was Constantinople easy to defend?
Q7) What caused the iconoclasm of 726 CE and what was the result?
Q8) How is the main dome of Hagia Sophia supported?
Q9) What inspired the doge of Venice to commission the Cathedral of Saint Mark ? Page 10
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Chapter 9: Islamic Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lusterware refers to a technique used to make ceramic surfaces resemble_________.
A) glass
B) precious metals
C) enamel
D) porcelain
Q2) Why was Islamic art and architecture so diverse?
Q3) The language of the Qur'an is __________.
A) Mandarin
B) Greek
C) Hebrew
D) Arabic
Q4) One of the finest of the Umayyad surviving mosques is the __________ in Spain.
A) The Masjid-i Shah
B) Mosque at New Gournia
C) Great Mosque of Cordoba
D) The Kaaba
Q5) How was the Great Mosque of Isfahan altered to be more complex?
Q6) What were tugras?
Q7) What artistic formats did artists of the Herat School study?
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Chapter 10: Art of South and Southeast Asia Before 1200
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The garbhagriha in Hindu temples is ______________where a statue of the temple's main god is kept.
A) a windowless space
B) a light-filled chamber
C) a tower
D) a covered porch
Q2) What is depicted on the entrance to the Temple of Vishnu at Deogarth ?
Q3) In the Lion Capital from Sarnath , the animals represent the __________ of the world mentioned in Buddhist creation myths.
A) four great rulers
B) four great temples of Sarnath
C) four Buddhas of the earth
D) four great rivers
Q4) Which religion does NOT have a cave devoted to it at the Kailasha Temple at Ellora ?
A) Buddhism
B) Jainism
C) Zoroastrianism
D) Hinduism
Q5) How did Siddhartha Gautama reach enlightenment?
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Chapter 11: Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is bracketing and how is it used?
Q2) What does Neo-Confucianism teach?
Q3) What did Confucius say calligraphy revealed about the ruler?
Q4) Although the ______dynasty was harsh and repressive, it established mechanisms of a central bureaucracy that molded China into a single entity and gave the country its name.
A) Tang
B) Zhou
C) Qin
D) Han
Q5) Why did the Buddhist faith draw many new followers when it first spread into China?
A) It offered consolation and the promise of salvation to a culture beset by warfare.
B) It provided the educated elite an escapist alternative to Confucianism.
C) It provided social order and harmony.
D) It could be practiced without challenging indigenous religious belief systems.
Q6) What is an example of a work of Buddhist art, which survives from the Six Dynasties period?
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Japanese Art Before 1333
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did the Yayoi period differ from the Kofun period?
Q2) The belief that Shinto _________ were emanations of Buddhist deities demonstrates how the Japanese integrated Buddhist ideas into their indigenous belief systems.
A) haniwa
B) kami
C) kofun
D) nara
Q3) Why did the Heian era end, and what period followed?
Q4) How does the Phoenix Hall, Byodoin, Uji reflect ideas of Pure Land Buddhism?
A) It simulates the appearance of the paradise that awaits believers after death.
B) It provides an ideal environment for private meditation and contemplation of nature.
C) Its design is based on a mandala that believers must use in their religious practice.
D) It affirms that only the most cultured aristocrats could attain enlightenment.
Q5) What major religious sects emerged in the Heian period?
Q6) What are some of the Buddhist symbols and what do they stand for?
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Art of the Americas Before 1300
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Situated in an environment of_____, the Olmec culture built massive earth mounds where ceremonial centers were located.
A) arid deserts and plains
B) swampy coastal areas
C) densely forested mountains
D) fertile river valleys
Q2) What is a distinguishing feature of Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon?
A) It had multiple stories and many rooms.
B) It stood at the hub of a network of roads to other communities.
C) It was a site of low-fired pottery production.
D) It was built on ledges under sheltering cliffs.
Q3) The Moche culture of Peru is known for their realistic ____________ vessels, made in the shape of naturalistically modeled human beings.
A) burial
B) portrait
C) landscape
D) scroll
Q4) How did the lives of the coastal central Andes people differ from those who lived in the highlands?
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Chapter 14: Early African Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Similar to masks and sculptures made in the twentieth century, the Zoomorphic Head discovered in Angola is significant because ________________.
A) it is the oldest representational sculpture from central Africa
B) of its unusual surface patterning and decoration
C) it is the oldest woodcarving from central Africa
D) it demonstrates the technical skills of Kongo culture
Q2) What is the term for horns exported to Europe and created by carvers from Sierra Leone (Sapi in Portuguese)?
A) bullhorns
B) vuvuzelas
C) oliphants
D) trumpets
Q3) Why was ancient Africa so alluring to different cultures?
Q4) Which of the following is characteristic of the unique style of Igbo-Ukwu?
A) imported beads used to create an elaborate necklace
B) the use of elephants and leopards to show spiritual leadership
C) cast bronze gourds whose outer surface is covered with raised and banded decoration
D) all of the above
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Chapter 15: Early Medieval Art in Europe
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Book of Kells was produced on __________, an animal skin prepared for writing.
A) papyrus
B) paper
C) deckles
D) vellum
Q2) Which architectural feature of Charlemagne's Palace Chapel at Aachen did NOT derive from Roman or Early Christian sources?
A) the central octagonal plan
B) the monumental westwork
C) the wall and ceiling decoration
D) the ground-level ambulatory
Q3) Images of ____________ were adorned with Viking jewelry, houses, beds, wagons and more.
A) floral motifs
B) warrior figures
C) shields and weapons
D) gripping beasts
Q4) What do the Doors of Bishop Bernward depict ?
Q5) How do the arts of the Carolingian dynasty compare with the Ottonian dynasty?
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Chapter 16: Romanesque Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nave of the Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe shows the biblical story of
A) the Creation
B) Noah and the Flood
C) the Expulsion
D) Tower of Babel
Q2) The inscription on the tympanum at Autun attributing the work to Gislebertus may refer to the name of the artist or of the ________, who was responsible for the sculpture's production.
A) bishop
B) patron
C) pilgrim
D) king
Q3) One of the benefits for pilgrims who made the journey to Santiago was the opportunity to ________________.
A) practice a trade
B) sell their wares
C) visit relics along the route
D) feel safe and secure
Q4) What are some of the characteristics of Romanesque art and architecture?
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Gothic Art of the Twelfth and Thirteenth
Centuries
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Sample Questions
Q1) What three characteristic sculptural styles are represented at Reims?
Q2) _______________ fostered a classical revival at his southern Italian court.
A) Frederick II
B) Henry Plantagenet
C) Louis VII
D) Philip Augustus
Q3) What is Gothic mural painting?
Q4) The large-scale single figures in the lancets of the north transept at Chartres refer to the ______________.
A) royal patronage of the cathedral's stained glass
B) royal ancestry of Jesus, Mary and the Church
C) the zodiac
D) scenes from the Virgin's life
Q5) Abbot Suger began the rebuilding of the Cathedral of __________ in the 1130s.
A) Saint-Denis
B) Reims
C) Salisbury
D) Sainte-Chapelle
Q7) What complicates the study of the sculpture at Reims? Page 20
Q6) In 1194 CE, what significant event occurred at Chartres?
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Page 21
Chapter 18: Fourteenth-century Art in Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) The doors for the Florentine Baptistery by __________ display scenes from the life of John the Baptist.
A) Andrea Orcagna
B) Bernardo Daddi
C) Andrea Pisano
D) Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Q2) How did the Holy Roman Empire change during the fourteenth century?
Q3) How were the innovations in fourteenth century painting comparable to shifts that occurred in the period's literature?
A) Greater attention was given to secular subject matter.
B) Greater emphasis was placed on observable elements of human experience.
C) Religious themes were treated more critically.
D) All of the above.
Q4) Located in the city hall in Siena, the council room was known as the __________.
A) Church of the Holy Cross
B) Sala della Pace (Chamber of Peace)
C) Exeter Cathedral
D) Scrovegni Chapel
Q5) Who was Petrarch? Discuss his contributions and significance.
Q6) Who was Master Theodoric? Characterize his style.
Page 22
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Chapter 19: Fifteenth-century Art in Northern Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the development of portraiture in fifteenth-century Flemish painting. How did it develop? What were the circumstances? Cite specific works of art; address style, technique, and patronage.
Q2) At the death of the sculptor, Jean de Marville, the sculptor __________ succeeded him as overseer for the decoration of the monastery at Champmol.
A) Claus Sluter
B) Hugo van der Goes
C) Limbourg Brothers
D) Jean Fouquet
Q3) Engraving on metal requires a technique called __________ in which the lines are cut into the metal plate with sharp tools.
A) gouging
B) intaglio
C) sinopia
D) giornata
Q4) Define the Flamboyant style. Cite specific examples.
Q5) Define the International Gothic style. Cite specific works of art and address style, technique, and subject matter.
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Chapter 20: Renaissance Art in Fifteenth-century Italy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which sculpture by Donatello embodies the ideal of the condottieri during the Renaissance?
A) St. George
B) David
C) Equestrian Statue of Erasmo da Narni (Gattamelata)
D) none of the above
Q2) How does Nanni de Banco's The Four Crowned Martyrs at Orsanmichele demonstrate a revival of classical artistic tradition?
A) The figures are individualized with highly realistic details like Roman portraiture.
B) The figures extend into the space outside of the niche.
C) Their togas reveal the solid mass of the figures' bodies.
D) All of the above.
Q3) In fifteenth-century Italy, __________ were the men whom a city-state could hire, for a sum of money, to organize and lead an army in its defense.
A) condottiere
B) giornata
C) sinopia
D) maestro
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Chapter 21: Sixteenth-century Art in Italy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What role did the Jesuits play in patronizing Roman artists or architects?
Q2) Why is Michelangelo's David so well regarded and revered?
Q3) How did Michelangelo alter Bramante's plan for St. Peter's Basilica?
A) He shifted to a Latin Cross plan.
B) He simplified the plan to allow for a more open, unified interior.
C) He called for a taller slimmer dome.
D) All of the above.
Q4) Giorgio __________ wrote the first survey of Italian art in 1550.
A) Vasari
B) Farnese
C) della Rovere
D) della Porta
Q5) The architectural design for the Palazzo del Tè plays on the patron's knowledge of
A) Classical orders and proportions
B) building materials and techniques
C) contemporary Italian literature
D) Christian symbolism
Q6) What makes Tintoretto's painting typical of Mannerism?
Q7) In what ways did women figure into the sixteenth-century art in Italy?
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Chapter 22: Sixteenth-century Art in Northern Europe and the
Iberian Peninsula
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Q1) In addition to painting, the arts of textiles, ceramics, and sculpture made of wood and metal flourished in the __________.
A) Danube
B) Netherlands
C) Bavaria
D) Toledo
Q2) What was the impact of the Reformation on art in Northern Europe?
Q3) The format of Hieronymus Bosch's painting Garden of Earthly Delights , which was commissioned by an aristocrat for his Brussels townhouse, conforms to a long tradition of ______________.
A) palace decoration
B) paintings in the offices of church officials
C) public art in government buildings
D) church altarpieces
Q4) The __________ in Dürer's Adam and Eve symbolically represent the human temperaments.
A) animals
B) castles
C) types of trees
D) flowers
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Chapter 23: Seventeenth-century Art in Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Baroque art?
A) an interest in Classicism
B) heightened dramatic effects
C) an appeal to the viewer's intellectual interests
D) different media used in a single work
Q2) What is group portraiture and how did Dutch Baroque artists refine it?
Q3) Why did English Baroque architects replace the prevailing Gothic style?
Q4) How does Anthony van Dyck's Charles I at the Hunt convey the king's powerful status?
A) through a naturalistic portrait, in which Charles's surroundings appear submissive
B) through an idealized portrait, where Charles appears as a powerful and godlike force
C) through a narrative image that shows Charles engaged in hunting wild beasts
D) none of the above
Q5) The Le Nain brothers are best known for their paintings of _______________.
A) religious subjects
B) peasants
C) aristocrats
D) mythological scenes
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Chapter 24: Art of South and Southeast Asia After 1200
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Q1) Mughal court painters produced paintings that documented Emperor Akbar's life and accomplishments recorded in the ____________.
A) Hamzanama
B) Akbarnama
C) Fatepur
D) Gilgamesh
Q2) What are the beliefs of the Jain religion? Discuss the art associated with Jain, citing specific pieces and styles.
Q3) Explain the process of painting a human face in Indian art? What is significant about the order? Cite a specific example.
Q4) The principal _________________centers were great monastic universities, concentrated in the northeast, and attracted monks from as far away as China, Korea, and Japan.
A) cultural
B) Buddhist
C) Hindu
D) Muslim
Q5) Explain the term cenotaphs. Cite an example of this term and define the particular architectural features.
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Chapter 25: Chinese and Korean Art After 1279
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Q1) The largest surviving garden of the Ming dynasty is the __________.
A) Garden of Paradise
B) Garden of the Emperor
C) Garden of the Cessation of Official Life
D) Garden of Content
Q2) What is a colophon?
Q3) __________ emerged as a leader in Chinese painting during the 1980's for his synthesis of Chinese and Western ideas and techniques.
A) Yin Hong
B) Shitao
C) Wu Guanzhong
D) Wen Hong
Q4) In the eighteenth century, a truly Korean style of painting emerged known as the __________ movement, emphasizing the study of things Korean, in addition to the Chinese classics.
A) silhak
B) guang
C) achala
D) zhou
Q5) How did China view itself in relation to the rest of the world?
Page 29
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Chapter 26: Japanese Art After 1333
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Q1) The __________ period of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was one of the most creative eras in Japanese history.
A) Heian
B) Nara
C) Asuka
D) Momoyama
Q2) ___________, whose Thirty-Six Views of Mt. Fuji is one of the best-known sets of graphic art, is one of the great masters of nineteenth-century ukiyo-e landscape.
A) Hiroshige
B) Hokusai
C) Taikan
D) Ekaku
Q3) The Tea Bowl, called Yugure ("Twilight") , is attributed to Chojiro, thought to be the founder of what type of pottery?
A) raku
B) Mount Fuji
C) crackle glaze
D) Hokusai
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Chapter 27: Art of the Americas After 1300
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Q1) The patterns and designs on Incan garments were _____________.
A) purely decorative motifs laid out in a checkerboard arrangement
B) symbolic of the wearer's the ethnic identity and social rank
C) unique to a particular individual
D) influenced by the aesthetic preferences of Spanish conquerors
Q2) Aztec culture included all of the following EXCEPT ______________.
A) bloodletting rituals and human sacrifice
B) a divinatory calendar of 260 days
C) a vast network of roads for communication and trade
D) a pantheon combining ancient Mesoamerican gods with Aztec deities
Q3) Why has the divide between craft and art persisted in the art of indigenous peoples?
Q4) The term Inca refers to both the ruler and to the __________.
A) feathers
B) communication
C) roads
D) people
Q5) What Native American group of women were highly regarded for their weaving?
Q6) How do we know about the ceremonial complexes of the Aztecs?
Q7) What kinds of textiles had great prestige among the Northwest Coast people?
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Chapter 28: Art of Pacific Cultures
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Q1) Which material is NOT used in the production of Micronesian art?
A) feathers
B) coconut and banana fibers
C) turtle shells
D) wood
Q2) Raharuhi Rukupo was a nineteenth-century master __________ of the Maori.
A) chef
B) tattoo artist
C) chief
D) carver
Q3) The Maori tradition of building a large wooden meeting house evolved after
A) the population experienced dramatic growth
B) contact with Westerners
C) the introduction of steel tools
D) Raharuhi Rukupo introduced a new design
Q4) How do the arts function in Melanesia?
Q5) How did the Hawaiian use feathers in their art?
Q6) What are the four geographic areas of Oceania?
Q7) How did the Aboriginal artists use cross-hatching?
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Chapter 29: Art of Africa in the Modern Era
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does NOT apply to the black nowo masks worn in Sande initiation rites?
A) It is worn by the initiates as a sign of their transformation.
B) It symbolizes the ideal of feminine beauty in the culture.
C) It is worn by the person responsible for preparing girls for adulthood.
D) It compares the transformation to womanhood to the emergence of a butterfly.
Q2) In what contexts are African art objects used?
Q3) How does art in Africa relate to the world of ancestors and other spirits?
Q4) Among the Chokwe peoples, the nganga, or __________, interprets the results of multiple tosses of the ngombo.
A) diviner
B) chief
C) mother
D) son
Q5) Swahili developed from the longtime mingling of Arabic with local __________ languages.
A) Latin American
B) Indo-European
C) Asian
D) African
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Chapter 30: Eighteenth-
and
Early-nineteenth Century Art in Europe and North America
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Q1) Painted for an unknown patron, Fragonard's The Swing suggests the __________ of his aristocratic clientele.
A) devout religious practice
B) erotic interests
C) intellectual pursuits
D) scientific curiosity
Q2) What is the relationship between Neoclassical architecture and Renaissance architecture?
Q3) Rococo paintings reflected the aristocratic life of leisure and pleasure in subjects taken from __________.
A) classical love stories
B) Medieval literature
C) nature
D) Roman history
Q4) _______________ painted a series of entertaining scenes of scientific experiments.
A) Richard Boyle
B) Joseph Wright of Derby
C) Thomas Cole
D) Joseph Mallord William Turner
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Chapter 31: Mid-to Late Nineteenth-century Art in Europe and the United States
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Q1) __________ artists were committed to painting the modern world honestly.
A) Art Nouveau
B) Symbolist
C) Realist
D) Romantic
Q2) Garnier revived the __________ style in The Opéra , that earlier period of French greatness.
A) Gothic
B) Byzantine
C) Baroque
D) Oriental
Q3) How did Manet break with conventions in his paintings?
Q4) Garnering criticism from academicians, Carpeaux's The Dance did not possess the smooth and generalized features of _______________.
A) Neoclassicism
B) juste-milieu
C) Impressionism
D) Orientalism
Q5) How is Central Park organized?
Q6) How are the first skyscrapers designed and ornamented? Page 35
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1900-1950
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Q1) What are the different kinds of Cubist painting?
Q2) The paintings of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo are ____________ than those by Diego Rivera.
A) more historical
B) more modern
C) more personal
D) more abstract
Q3) Portrait of a German Officer is the work of the artist __________.
A) Georgia O'Keeffe
B) Arthur Dove
C) Marsden Hartley
D) John Sloan
Q4) How did Russian Constructivists combine Modern styles with practical needs?
Q5) How did Marcel Duchamp's Fountain change the course of art?
Q6) Neither Picasso nor __________ wanted to break the link from reality with their Cubist abstractions.
A) Stieglitz
B) Braque
C) Matisse
D) Sloan Page 37
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Chapter 33: The International Scene Since 1950
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Q1) Barbara Kruger's signature style combines black and white photographic images with _______________.
A) traditional folk crafts
B) the red used in cheap advertising
C) calligraphy
D) provocative images of women
Q2) What is Performance Art?
Q3) As an alternative to traditional images in art, feminist artists in the early 1970's emphasized a(n) ____________view of women by focusing on women's bodies and defining gender in biological terms.
A) feminine
B) essentialist
C) naturalist
D) scientific
Q4) What long-established practice does Gerhard Richter reject?
A) the signing of art
B) working in a singular style
C) exhibiting art in public
D) providing titles to art
Q5) What are Earthworks?
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