Humanities: Art and Culture
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the rich tapestry of human expression through the study of art, literature, philosophy, music, and architecture from diverse cultures and historical periods. Students will examine how artistic and cultural works both reflect and shape societies, values, and identities. Through critical analysis and creative engagement, the course encourages an understanding of the enduring impact of the humanities on contemporary life, fostering cross-cultural appreciation and informed, thoughtful dialogue about humanitys shared heritage.
Recommended Textbook
Gardner s Art Through the Ages A Concise Global History 3rd Edition by Fred S. Kleiner
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Prehistory and the First Civilizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ishtar Gate,with its relief decorations of a dragon,lion and bull,comes from the city of:
A) Lagash
B) Persepolis
C) Ur
D) Babylon
Answer: D
Q2) Which object is said to balance naturalism and abstract patterning?
A) Standard of Ur
B) Victory stele of Naram-Sin
C) Stele of Hammurabi
D) Head of an Akkadian
Answer: D
Q3) What does this image represent?
Answer: Head of an Akkadian ruler (Figure 1-15)represents a ruler; the sculptor has communicated the authority of the ruler by balancing the textures of the flesh and hair and has created a unique and individualized portrait.
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Chapter 2: Ancient Greece
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do some scholars believe the Snake Goddess is a deity?
A) She displays power over animals.
B) She wears the Minoan goddess dress.
C) She is posed frontally.
D) She was found in a temple.
Answer: A
Q2) Throughout the Parthenon there are pronounced deviations from the strictly vertical and horizontal lines,the basis of all Greek post-and-lintel structures.Explain why the Greek architects constructed the building this way.
Answer: According to a treatise by Iktinos these adjustments,refinements,or deviations were made to compensate for optical illusions.For example,if the stylobate was laid out on a level surface it would appear to sag.Another reason,however,might also be presented.The curving of the horizontal lines and the tilting of the vertical ones create a dynamic balance; this architectural contrapposto gives a greater sense of life that also supports Greek architectural theory.
Q3) How did Greek artists revive the art of storytelling?
Answer: Narrative was restored to art by the Geometric era vase painters who depicted stories on their pots.
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Chapter 3: The Roman Empire
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Sample Questions
Q1) What function did coffering perform?
A) It helped expand interior space.
B) It lightened the weight of a dome or arch.
C) It supplied an accurate means of measuring interior space.
D) It allowed the Romans to construct extensive road systems.
Answer: B
Q2) The procession relief on the Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace)promoted
A) Roman egalitarianism
B) military aggression
C) fruitful reproduction
D) patrician ethics
Answer: C
Q3) The year 211 BCE was a turning point for both Rome and Roman art because ____.
A) Rome conquered Greece
B) Marcellus brought the artistic patrimony of Syracuse to Rome
C) Last Attalid king willed Pergamon to Rome
D) Veii fell to the Romans
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Early Christianity and Byzantium
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a basilica?
A) Santa Costanza
B) Old St.Peter's
C) Sts.Peter and Marcellinus
D) San Vitale
Q2) Compare the mosaic programs developed for church interiors during the Early Christian and Byzantine periods.Include in your essay the political as well as religious significance of the choice of themes and styles.Use specific examples to support your essay.
Q3) Within the catacombs,the cubicula served as:
A) private homes
B) temples to the Roman gods
C) baths
D) mortuary chapels
Q4) Where is a pendentive found?
A) as part of a column
B) as part of a dome
C) guarding the entry
D) at the entrance of a chapel
Q5) How does this structure draw upon the Imperial Roman architectural tradition?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Islamic World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the parts of a great mosque.
Q2) What is the only thing Muslims require for prayer?
A) minaret
B) minbar
C) imam
D) qibla
Q3) The area in a mosque reserved for the ruler or his representatives is called the:
A) masjid
B) qibla
C) muqarna
D) maqsura
Q4) The vault in the Hall of the Two Sisters at the Alhambra uses ____.
A) madrasas
B) iwans
C) masjids
D) muqarnas
Q5) Compare and contrast the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem with the Great Mosque at Isfahan.What are the differences? How do you account for them?
Q6) How do each of these images illustrate intercultural influences?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Early Medieval and Romanesque Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ Column was a possible model for the Bayeux Tapestry because it is in narrative format.
A) Marcus Aurelius's
B) Justinian's
C) Trajan's
D) Constantine's
Q2) Describe a pilgrimage church.
Q3) Compare and contrast two regional styles of Romanesque architecture.Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) Why are Romanesque churches generally rather dark inside?
A) Barrel-vaults exerted great outward thrust making a clerestory difficult to construct.
B) The side aisles blocked the entrance of light into the nave of the church.
C) It was too expensive to construct a clerestory.
D) The rituals required darkness.
Q5) How does this work express Carolingian ideas?
Q6) How do these two churches look forward to Gothic architecture?
Q7) Discuss the development of Early Medieval manuscript painting.How did manuscript illuminators merge local and imported tastes? Use examples to support your essay.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gothic and Late Medieval Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare the style and subject matter of the Arena Chapel by Giotto with Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Effects of Good Government in the City and in the Country.What are the differences and how does each artist reflect his environment? Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) How is this building an architecture of voids?
Q3) How does the artist reveal political intent in this image?
Q4) Explain the structural elements and what they allowed Gothic builders to do.
Q5) What role did politics and economics play in the creation of Gothic churches and in the spread of the Gothic style throughout Europe? Use examples to support your essay.
Q6) Discuss the contribution of classical antiquity to Gothic art and architecture.Use examples to support your essay.
Q7) Identify the typical characteristics and the structural components of a French Gothic church.
Q8) The Arena Chapel was commissioned by ____.
A) the Sienese civic government
B) the guild of linen merchants
C) Giotto
D) Enrico Scrovegni
Q9) To what does Italo-Byzantine refer?
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Chapter 8: The Early Renaissance in Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Masaccio made the figures in his Tribute Money appear bulky by modeling with a/an
A) specific light source outside the picture
B) flat neutral light
C) identifiable light source within the picture
D) light source shining directly on the figure of Christ
Q2) Which of the following families once owned Donatello's David?
A) Medici family
B) Pazzi family
C) Riccardi family
D) Gonzaga family
Q3) Which of the following is a classical reference on Ghiberti's 1401 competition panel?
A) the drapery flowing on the body of Isaac
B) the elongated S curve of Isaac's body
C) the classical costumes worn by the figures
D) the naked figure of Isaac
Q4) Compare and contrast the stylistic and thematic characteristics of Jan van Eyck's Ghent Altarpiece and Masaccio's Holy Trinity.
Q5) Explain the advantages of oil paint over tempera.
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Chapter 9: High Renaissance and Mannerism in Europe
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Q1) How did Venetian and Mannerist artists differ from High Renaissance artists working in Florence and Rome? Use examples to support your essay.
Q2) The Escorial is a ____.
A) palace and monastery
B) country home and school
C) chateau and royal academy
D) villa and convent
Q3) How does the Stanza della Segnatura reflect Western learning?
Q4) Leonardo da Vinci's paintings are characterized by ____.
A) sfumato
B) monumental nude figures
C) Mannerist elongation
D) colorito
Q5) Which artist applied for a position by telling his prospective patron that he could "contrive various and endless means of offence and defense"?
A) Raphael
B) Leonardo da Vinci
C) Michelangelo
D) Titian
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Chapter 10: Baroque Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the subject of this sculpture?
Q2) Discuss art's role played in the revitalization of the Catholic Church and the expression of Catholic beliefs during the seventeenth century.Use examples to support your answer.
Q3) Rembrandt is known for his ____.
A) masterful use of light and shadow
B) Protestant interpretations of Scripture
C) penetrating images of the human soul
D) all of these choices
Q4) The work of which three artists influenced Rubens' Elevation of the Cross?
A) Michelangelo, Tintoretto, and Caravaggio
B) Leonardo, Titian, and Carracci
C) Masaccio, Fra Angelico, and Mantegna
D) Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael
Q5) Who was the patron of Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers?
A) Innocent X
B) Julius II
C) Paul III
D) Louis XIV
Q6) How does this church reflect current architectural style?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Rococo to Neoclassicism in Europe and America
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare Watteau's Pilgrimage to Cythera and David's Oath of the Horatii.How does each work relate to the sociopolitical climate of the period?
Q2) Compare the paintings of Hogarth and Reynolds.How does each address the issue of class? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Discuss the ways in which the 18 -century interest in the natural,the sentimental,and the heroic was expressed in art.Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) What does this work represent?
Q5) Which artist is known for painting vedute?
A) Fragonard
B) Canaletto
C) Kaufmann
D) Houdon
Q6) What social and historical issues does this painting illustrate?
Q7) What type of subject matter did "veduta" painting portray?
Q8) What is a fête galante?
Q9) What is "Grand Manner Portraiture"?
Page 13
Q10) What is being expressed in this work?
Q11) Why is this image called an altarpiece for the new civic religion?
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Romanticism, Realism, and Photography,1800 to 1870
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Sample Questions
Q1) During Napolean's Syrian campaign of 1799,his army was greatly affected by:
A) an outbreak of bubonic plague
B) massive floods that swept through the area
C) widespread apocalyptic fear
D) a cholera epidemic
Q2) Pre-Raphaelite paintings wanted to create ____ art.
A) fresh and sincere
B) brutal and honest
C) elegant and courtly
D) monumental and theatrical
Q3) Compare and contrast the goals of Romanticism and Realism.Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) Compare Neoclassicism's emphasis on the heroic and Romanticism's interest in the sublime.Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) Courbet preferred to paint ____.
A) mythology in the Pompeian style
B) the "beautiful" as defined by the Academy
C) realistic scenes as he saw them
D) scenes of suffering, pathos, and ecstasy
Page 15
Q6) How is this an example of antiheroic painting?
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Symbolism,1870 to 1900
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Q1) Who did this work and what would it come to influence?
Q2) Compare and contrast the work of Monet and Cézanne.How does each artist respond to the innovations of the nineteenth century? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) How does this work reveal an influence from the Symbolists?
Q4) Explain the principles of Post-Impressionist painting as seen in works by van Gogh,Gauguin,Seurat,and Cézanne.Use examples to support your essay.
Q5) What did Whistler mean when he used the term "arrangement" or "nocturne" in reference to his art?
Q6) Why did Gauguin travel to Tahiti?
Q7) Claude Monet enjoyed painting in the outdoors,a practice known as ____,which was popular amongst the Impressionists.
A) contrapposto
B) in situ
C) en plein air
D) chiaroscuro
Q8) What are the goals of Impressionist painting?
Q9) In what way do the ideals of Symbolism continue and amplify those of Romanticism? Use examples to support your essay. Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 14: Modernism in Europe and America,1900 to 1945
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who created this work,and what is its theme? How does it relate to its social and historical context?
Q2) The work of Ernst Kirchner shows ____.
A) the influence of the Pre-Raphaelites
B) the influence of Italian Renaissance frescoes
C) subjects drawn from the industrialized urban setting
D) the influence of Analytical Cubism
Q3) How did each artist articulate a different purpose for art?
Q4) Who said: "I simply try to put down colors which render my sensation."?
A) Pablo Picasso
B) Ernst Kirchner
C) Max Beckmann
D) Henri Matisse
Q5) Which phrase best expresses the sculptural style of Boccioni?
A) nervous agitation
B) dynamic movement
C) sinuous organic curves
D) sensuous eroticism
Q6) What was the Armory Show?
Q7) What event does this work describe?
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Chapter 15: Modernism and Postmodernism in Europe and America, 1945 to 1980
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Sample Questions
Q1) What two tools did Audrey Flack use to create her super-realistic paintings?
A) a paintbrush and a ruler
B) a projector and an airbrush
C) a grid and diluted acrylic paint
D) a silkscreen and a watercolor brush
Q2) Compare and contrast the work of the gestural abstractionist to the color field painters.Use examples to support your answer.
Q3) Why did Andy Warhol use the silk screening technique in Green Coca-Cola Bottles?
Q4) What is the subject of this work?
Q5) Which of the following artists was a color field painter?
A) Jasper Johns
B) Jackson Pollock
C) Helen Frankenthaler
D) Richard Hamilton
Q6) Which of the following describes Performance Art?
A) It is a commentary on contemporary theater.
B) It is a commentary on contemporary film
C) It replaces physical objects with movements, gestures and sounds
D) It purposefully confuses the audience.
Q7) How is this work an example of Pop Art? Page 20
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Page 21
Chapter 16: Contemporary Art Worldwide
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Q1) Discuss the various influences on Jean-Michel Basquiat's style and choice of subject matter.
Q2) Compare and contrast the style of Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao with the Guggenheim Museum in New York.
Q3) By using ____,Faith Ringgold's art makes direct reference to the domestic sphere.
A) clay
B) wood
C) fabric
D) watercolor
Q4) The stylistic label that best describes Maya Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial is ____.
A) Abstract Expressionism
B) Colorfield Painting
C) Minimalism
D) Conceptual Art
Q5) Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date.Give the reasons for your attributions,using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Q6) What was the artist's goal for this work?
Page 22
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Chapter 17: South and Southeast Asia
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism.
Q2) Select one monument,painting,and sculpture from the Buddhist,Hindu,and Mughal traditions of India.Describe your selections.How are they alike? How are they different? What outside factors,if any,contributed to their uniqueness? How are they representative of their respective cultural groups? Consider political and social implications as well as religious differences in your essay.
Q3) Describe the function and basic layout of a Hindu temple.
Q4) Where is the Taj Mahal?
A) Agra
B) Bombay
C) Madurai
D) New Delhi
Q5) Where did the Buddha give his First Sermon?
A) Sarnath
B) Karle
C) Sanchi
D) Ajanta
Q6) Discuss the iconography of Buddhism.What outside influences might have shaped the figural presentation of the Buddha? Use examples to support your essay.
Page 23
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Chapter 18: China and Korea
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Q1) Which of the following is thought to be China's oldest royal dynasty?
A) Shang
B) Anyang
C) Xia
D) Early Zhou
Q2) Who was Qin Shi Huangdi?
Q3) Why was it significant that when this work was first exhibited it was anonymous?
Q4) China is credited with the invention of which of the following?
A) clay
B) terracotta
C) porcelain
D) earthenware
Q5) How does this garden reflect Ming landscape?
Q6) Which of the following motifs found on the Yuan Temple vase might suggest the donor's high status?
A) phoenix/dragon motif
B) holly leaves
C) laurel flowers
D) mushrooms
Q7) How do these images reflect the essence of Chinese landscape painting?
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Chapter 19: Japan
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Q1) Briefly describe the early years after Buddhism was introduced into Japanese society.
Q2) Describe the style and subject matter of ukiyo-e.How does this style reflect its period? Use examples to support your essay.
Q3) Compare and contrast the Nara and Heian periods.Include outside influences.How did these influences change Japanese art and society during these periods? Consider the importation of Buddhism as a religion.How did this new philosophy and religion re-shape Japanese esoteric thought and art? Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) What makes these two images significantly different?
Q5) What is the tie between ukiyo-e and Buddhism?
Q6) What famous Western artist created his own version of Ando Hiroshige's Plum Estate Kaneido?
A) Paul Gauguin
B) Vincent Van Gogh
C) Edouard Manet
D) Paul Cézanne
Q7) What is wabi?
Q8) How did haniwa figures function as grave offerings during the Kofun period?
Q9) Identify the style of this ceramic jar.
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Chapter 20: Native America
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Q1) Which of the following supports the importance of La Venta to Olmec culture?
A) provided opportunities for the Olmec to gather and celebrate
B) represented the structure and ideals of Olmec society
C) allowed the Olmec to focus on the power of the king
D) provided income for the priesthood
Q2) Explain the ideas of sacrifice that lay behind this image.
Q3) Describe the role of agricultural deities in Southwest culture.How did these deities impact artistic production and society in general? Use examples to support your essay.
Q4) Which of the following would be one of Coatlicue's attributes according to Aztec mythology?
A) The double-ax motif found on her shoulders
B) The flower garland she wears on her neck
C) The excised human hearts she wears as a necklace
D) The hummingbird motif found on her skirt
Q5) Compare and contrast Tula and Chichén Itzá.How does each site respond to the needs of their respective groups? What are their similarities and how does each site function within its society? What outside influences might account for the similarities between them?
Q6) What is the significance of thunderclouds and feathers on a Katsina mask?
Page 26
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Chapter 21: Africa
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Q1) Nok sites date from:
A) 2500 BCE
B) 1300 BCE
C) 500 BCE
D) 300 BCE
Q2) How does the style of this statue differ from those found at Ile-Ife?
Q3) What is a bocio?
Q4) What is the function of the Kongo nail figure?
Q5) Describe the style and function of a linguist's staff.
Q6) Explain the purpose of this image.
Q7) Most terracotta Ile-Ife heads exhibit ____.
A) strict naturalism
B) complete idealism
C) idealized naturalism
D) perceptual naturalism
Q8) Which of the following is a unique hybrid of African and European culture?
A) Nok head
B) Ife statue
C) Sapi saltcellar
D) Female Mask, Mende
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