Human Variation Test Bank
Course Introduction
Human Variation explores the biological diversity found within the human species, examining the genetic, physiological, and morphological differences among populations across the globe. The course investigates the origins and distribution of human traits, such as skin color, body shape, and susceptibility to disease, within the context of evolutionary theory, adaptation, and environmental pressures. Students will critically analyze how concepts of race and ethnicity intersect with scientific research, and how sociocultural factors have influenced our understanding of human diversity. Through a combination of case studies, laboratory analysis, and theoretical frameworks, the course provides a comprehensive overview of the patterns and processes that shape human variation.
Recommended Textbook
Physical Anthropology 11th Edition by Philip L Stein
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18 Chapters
1816 Verified Questions
1816 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Investigating the Nature of Humankind
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultural anthropology:
A)is a branch of archaeology
B)is the study of art and music
C)includes the study of human social organizations and learned patterns of behavior
D)includes paleontology as a major topic
Answer: C
Q2) anthropological linguistics
A)reconstructing the behaviors of prehistoric peoples
B)the study of human evolution
C)a study of a people's religious system
D)the history,function,and physiology of language
Answer: D
Q3) An empirical observation is one that is:
A)measurable
B)a fact
C)received through the senses
D)all of the above
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Study of Heredity
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A trait is:
A)one aspect of the phenotype
B)one aspect of the genotype
C)not influenced by the environment
D)b and c
Answer: A
Q2) New combinations of alleles on the same chromosomes as a result of crossing-over is referred to as:
A)recombination
B)linkage
C)mitosis
D)homology
Answer: A
Q3) In the DNA molecule the base adenine always forms a complementary pair with:
A)another adenine
B)guanine
C)thymine
D)cytosine
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Modern Study of Human Genetics
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) hemoglobin
A)liquid portion of blood
B)a red pigment
C)white blood cell
D)cell fragment
E)red blood cell
Answer: B
Q2) A common error in meiosis on the chromosomal level is:
A)nondisjunction
B)deletion
C)inversion
D)duplication
Answer: A
Q3) An abnormal fetus can sometimes be detected by means of:
A)blood typing
B)pedigree analysis
C)amniocentesis
D)dermatoglyphics
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Population Genetics
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biological evolution can be defined as a change in the frequency of alleles in the: A)genotype
B)gene pool
C)phenotype
D)none of the above
Q2) A mutagen is:
A)A factor that is capable of causing mutations
B)A neutral mutation
C)A beneficial mutation
D)A harmful mutation
Q3) Although the mutation rate varies from gene to gene,most estimates for the number of new mutations that occur in sex cells for a given gene are about 2-12 in every _____ gametes:
A)100
B)1,000
C)100,000
D)100,000,000
Q4) What are the five main forces of evolutionary change? How do they affect the gene frequencies of a population?
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Chapter 5: Natural Selection and the Origin of Species
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In biological terms,a race is a:
A)species
B)subspecies
C)deme
D)cline
Q2) Two keys to the understanding of the process of evolutionary change are reproductive success and reproductive isolation.Write a paragraph explaining microevolutionary change using these two concepts.
Q3) Selection for traits that make males more attractive to females is termed:
A)intersexual selection
B)intrasexual selection
C)countersexual selection
D)infrasexual selection
Q4) The coefficient of relatedness between a parent and offspring is:
A)1
B)½
C)¼
D)
Q5) Explain the differences between natural selection,sexual selection,and kin selection.
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Chapter 6: Peoples Place in Nature
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) analogy
A)similarities in evolutionary history resulting from similar selective pressures in similar ecological niches
B)similarity in function
C)evolution of two taxa from a common ancestry
D)evolution of superficially similar features in diverse taxa
Q2) The acronym for the proposed common ancestor of all currently living things is ______.
A)LUCA,
B)COMA
C)OLDE
D)EVA
Q3) Theria
A)notochord
B)placenta
C)heterodonty
D)bear live young
Q4) What is the taxonomic classification for humans (include Kingdom,Phylum,Sub-Phylum and Class)? For each of these taxa,what are two trait that are characteristic of the group?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Living Primates
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The only European monkey is a:
A)baboon
B)macaque
C)langur
D)guenon
Q2) The hemochorial placenta is:
A)found in all primates,except prosimians
B)more efficient than other types of placentae
C)involves the transmission of nutrients and other material in the blood through a single vessel wall
D)all of the above
Q3) All apes belong to the superfamily:
A)Hominoidea
B)Hominidae
C)Panidae
D)Pongidae
Q4) humans
A)Prosimii
B)Anthropoidea
Q5) Why are humans classified as primates?
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Chapter 8: Comparative Studies: Anatomy and Genetics
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the molecular and cytogenetic evidence for the close relationship of chimpanzees and humans?
Q2) The holding of an object between one or more fingers with the thumb fully opposed to the fingertip is termed the:
A)power grip
B)precision grip
C)opposable grasp
D)none of the above
Q3) Adaptations for erect bipedalism found in the human skeleton include:
A)development of curvatures of the spine
B)development of a short,broad ilium
C)development of a short,inflexible big toe
D)all of the above
Q4) Graphic representations of evolutionary relationships among animal species are called:
A)karyotypes
B)allopatric trees
C)phylogenetic trees
D)none of the above
Q5) How do the teeth of modern humans differ from those of modern apes?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Onhuman Primate Behavior
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A monogamous family group is characteristic of the:
A)gibbon
B)chimpanzee
C)gelada
D)hamadryas baboon
Q2) tamarins
A)monogamous family group
B)one-male group
C)multimale troop
D)fusion-fission society
E)polyandrous
Q3) The basic unit of gelada societies is:
A)solitary animals
B)monogamous family groups
C)one-male harem groups
D)multimale groups
Q4) What are the essential differences between the concepts of home range,territory,and core area?
Q5) Describe the contribution of Jane Goodall to our understanding of primate behavior.
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Chapter 10: Human Behavior in Perspective
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what ways are social carnivores more similar to humans in terms of social behavior than are chimpanzees?
Q2) displacement
A)can add new meaningful units
B)a vocabulary
C)individualistic
D)ability to communicate about things not directly in front of communicator
E)has no direct relationship to thing that is being labeled
Q3) In foraging societies:
A)both males and females hunt
B)hunting is primarily a male activity
C)hunting is primarily a female activity
D)men hunt and share the meat only with other men
Q4) Human foraging societies are characterized by:
A)a sexual division of labor
B)an egalitarian and cooperative social organization
C)food sharing
D)all of the above
Q5) In what ways are the alarm calls of the vervet monkey similar to human language? In what ways are they different?
12
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Chapter 11: The Record of the Past
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first mammals evolved during the:
A)Paleozoic
B)Neozoic
C)Mesozoic
D)Cenozoic
Q2) Which of the following is not an era?
A)Paleozoic
B)Neozoic
C)Mesozoic
D)Cenozoic
Q3) About 65 million years ago,the world saw the extinction of:
A)the dinosaurs,and only the dinosaurs
B)large animals only
C)about 75 percent of all life forms,large and small
D)a large number of life forms for the first time in the history of the earth
Q4) Chrons are:
A)the number of electrons trapped in crystals
B)a segment of the geological time scale that is smaller than an epoch
C)the time it takes two tectonic plates to move one kilometer from each other
D)large divisions of a geomagnetic reversal time scale
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Chapter 12: The Early Primate Fossil Record and the Origins
of the Hominins
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The New World monkeys most likely:
A)evolved independently in South America from a late omomyid
B)are descended from a group of early African anthropoids
C)are descended from a group of early Asian anthropoids
D)are descended from a group of early European anthropoids
Q2) Darwinius is a well-preserved fossil from:
A)China
B)East Africa
C)Europe
D)North America
Q3) The diet of Gigantopithecus probably emphasized the consumption of:
A)bamboo and fruit
B)insects and leaves
C)meat
D)none of the above
Q4) Gigantopithecus was:
A)a very large hominid that was ancestral to "Bigfoot"
B)misnamed hominid that was actually more the size of a living chimpanzee
C)a late-surviving member of the Miocene hominid radiation
D)an ancestor of the hominins
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Chapter 13: The Early Hominins
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An environmental factor that may be linked with the emergence of Paranthropus and Homo is:
A)a rise in global temperatures
B)a major cooling event
C)a tectonic shift in the African continent
D)none of the above
Q2) A.africanus is characterized by a:
A)temporal-nuchal crest
B)relatively high forehead
C)marked postorbital constriction
D)all of the above
Q3) What evidence exists that sheds light on the locomotor behavior of Australopithecus? How would you describe this behavior?
Q4) Olduvai Gorge is located in:
A)southern Africa
B)northern Africa
C)western Africa
D)eastern Africa
Q5) How many species of Australopithecus were there? Do all paleoanthropologists agree on this number? Explain.
15
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Chapter 14: Early Species of the Genus Homo
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118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most frequent manifestation of the Lower Paleolithic is the:
A)Acheulean tradition
B)Oldowan tradition
C)Mousterian tradition
D)Upper Paleolithic tradition
Q2) A "bun-shaped" occipital bone is characteristic of:
A)modern H.sapiens
B)H.erectus
C)Australopithecus
D)Neandertals
Q3) dish-shaped facial skeleton
A)Australopithecus
B)Homo
Q4) Having a low,relatively flat forehead is referred to as being:
A)platycephalic
B)prognathic
C)prolific
D)none of the above
Q5) In what way is a stereotypic member of the genus Homo different from a stereotypic member of the genus Australopithecus?
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Chapter 15: The Evolution of Homo Sapiens
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average cranial capacity for modern humans is:
A)1500 cubic centimeters
B)1350 cubic centimeters
C)1200 cubic centimeters
D)1150 cubic centimeters
Q2) taurodontism
A)Neandertals
B)modern humans
Q3) The earliest agreed dates for people occupying the New World are about:
A)55,000 to 60,000 B.P.
B)13,000 to 11,000 B.P.
C)3000 to 4000 B.P.
D)1000 to 2000 B.P.
Q4) Hafting refers to:
A)putting a handle on a tool
B)preparing a core
C)the use of bone in tool manufacture
D)working both sides of a tool
Q5) Is there consensus on a date for the first arrival of people in the New World? Explain.
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Chapter 16: The Biology of Modern Homo Sapiens
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how bones grow.What is meant by bone age?
Q2) What is meant by the term "adaptation"? In what way does this concept differ from the concept of adjustment?
Q3) Deciduous teeth are also referred to as:
A)premolars
B)molars
C)wisdom teeth
D)baby teeth
Q4) A group of people have moved from a temperate to a tropical climate.In their new home they wear different types of clothing than they did in their former home.This is an example of:
A)acclimatory adjustment
B)behavioral adjustment
C)developmental adjustment
D)adaptations
Q5) What differences in behavior might you have to make if you were to live successfully in an Arctic environment?
Q6) Why do people in different parts of the world exhibit different rates of growth and development?
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Chapter 17: The Analysis of Human Variation
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54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Body modifications based on cultural traditions include:
A)deformation of the head
B)body piercings
C)scarification
D)all of the above
Q2) Genetic diseases,such as Tay-Sachs disease and sickle-cell anemia,are:
A)found with equal frequency in all populations
B)found with equal frequency among peoples of the same skin color
C)often more frequent in some populations than in others
D)found only in populations of small size
Q3) If we look at the distribution of skin color,red hair color,and B blood type in Europe we find that:
A)they all show clinal distributions from south to north
B)they all show clinal distributions,but in different directions
C)they do not all show clinal distributions
Q4) A group or block of nucleotides that tends to be inherited together is called a:
A)genome
B)haplotype
C)DNA cluster
D)genomic
Page 19
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Chapter 18: The Modern World
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61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The consequences of the greater mobility found in industrial societies include:
A)the fact that hybrid groups have tended to develop from populations that were once separated
B)a possible increase in the number of heterozygotes
C)an increase in the probability of assortative mating
D)all of the above
Q2) The most significant cause of global warming is:
A)a tilt in the earth's orientation to the sun
B)greenhouse gases
C)the thinning of the ozone layer
D)acid rain
Q3) Which of the following statements about HIV is false?
A)Some biologists believe that HIV is at least as powerful a selective agent as malaria
B)The CCR5 gene code for cell surface receptors and affects a person's susceptibility to HIV
C)A gene that may offer some protection against HIV is found in northern European populations,but rarely in Africa
D)North America has the highest number of young adults with AIDS
Q4) How has the shift to a more urban way of life affected human populations?
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