Human Tissue Biology Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Human Tissue Biology explores the microscopic structure, function, and organization of human tissues, providing foundational knowledge essential to understanding how organs and systems operate within the body. The course covers the four primary tissue types epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues detailing their unique characteristics, cellular composition, and roles in health and disease. Through lectures, laboratory sessions, and the study of histological slides, students gain critical insights into tissue development, specialization, and repair processes. This course is fundamental for students pursuing careers in medicine, biomedical research, and related health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Histology and Cell Biology An Introduction to Pathology 3rd Edition by Abraham L Kierszenbaum
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23 Chapters
246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Epithelium
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which phase of mitosis does the kinetochore form?
A) Anaphase A
B) Anaphase B
C) Metaphase
D) Prophase
E) Telophase
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following statements about general features of epithelial tissues is false?
A) Epithelia are generally avascular
B) Epithelial tissues are capable of forming ducts and branching
C) They form both exocrine and endocrine glands
D) They have an extracellular matrix primary composed of Type I collagen fibers
E) They are always morphologically bound to underlying connective tissue
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Epithelial Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which organelle is responsible for degrading proteins?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Q2) The mode of exocrine gland secretion in which the secretory product is released in a pinched-off piece of the plasma membrane is
A) Apocrine
B) Eccrine
C) Endocrine
D) Holocrine
E) Merocrine
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cell Signaling
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Sample Questions
Q1) An action potential triggers the release of a(n)
A) Eicosanoid
B) Neurotransmitter
C) Paracrine
D) Peptide hormone
E) Steroid hormone
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following functions by diffusing across the cell membrane to bind to intracellular protein receptors, resulting in gene activation or repression?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Insulin
C) Nitric oxide
D) Prostaglandin
E) Testosterone
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Connective Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) In mature bone, the cell processes of adjacent osteocytes are connected by gap junctions within the _____.
A) Canaliculi
B) Haversian canals
C) Lacunae
D) Lamellae
E) Volkmann's canals
Q2) Both mature bone cells and mature cartilage cells are found in chambers called
A) Isogenous groups
B) Lacunae
C) Lamellae
D) Territorial matrices
E) Volkmann's canals
Q3) Which characteristic is true of BOTH brown and white fat?
A) Cells feature multiple fat-storing vesicles
B) Cells have flattened, peripheral nuclei
C) They are found in the neck and the interscapular region in infants
D) Both are highly vascular
E) Their principal role is in providing cushioning for organs
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Osteogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) What occurs in the hypertrophic zone during endochondral ossificiation?
A) Chondrocytes in the center of the cartilage undergo mitosis and growth
B) Invasion of empty lacunae by osteoprogenitor cells
C) Penetration of calcified septa by blood vessels
D) Programmed cell death of chondrocytes
E) Proliferating chondrocytes organize into parallel columns
Q2) In bone remodeling, osteoclasts perform lamellar resorption just prior to
A) Maturation of osteoblasts into osteocytes
B) Mineralization of osteoid tissue
C) Osteoclast activation
D) Osteoclast to osteoblast reversal
E) Trapping of osteoblasts in bony matrix
Q3) Each of the following statements about epiphyseal plates is correct EXCEPT
A) Appositional growth occurs on the epiphyseal side
B) Bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side
C) Mitotically active chondrocytes are distributed throughout the zone of reserve cartilage
D) These chondrocytes are required for lengthening of long bones
E) They contain a portion of healthy hyaline cartilage
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Blood and Hematopoiesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A) Clotting
B) Hemopoiesis
C) Inflammatory response
D) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
E) Phagocytosis
Q2) Which of the following cell types are phagocytic and are involved in the earliest phases of an inflammatory reaction?
A) B Lymphocytes
B) Basophils
C) Monocytes
D) Neutrophils
E) Platelets
Q3) Which of the following hematopoietic growth factors stimulates the production of eosinophils?
A) Erythropoietin
B) Flt3 ligand
C) Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
D) Stem cell factor
E) Thrombopoietin
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Chapter 7: Muscle Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, an action potential travels along the _____ to the interior of the muscle cell.
A) Sarcomere
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Thick filament
D) Thin filament
E) Transverse tubule
Q2) The structure that serves as an attachment for thin filaments and demarcates the boundary between sarcomeres in skeletal muscle is the
A) A band
B) H zone
C) I band
D) M line
E) Z line
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Chapter 8: Nervous Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following surrounds individual neurons within a nerve?
A) Endoneurium
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Epineurium
D) Myelin
E) Perineurium
Q2) Sensory information is conducted toward the spinal cord via
A) Bipolar neurons
B) Multipolar neurons
C) Pseudounipolar neurons
D) Purkinje cells
E) Pyramidal cells
Q3) Neurotransmitters synthesized in the soma of a neuron reach the synaptic cleft via A) Action potentials
B) Anterograde axonal transport
C) Graded potentials
D) Retrograde axonal transport
E) Synaptic activity
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Chapter 9: Sensory Organs: Vision and Hearing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body drains into the
A) Aqueous veins
B) Canal of Schlemm
C) External collecting channel
D) Scleral plexus
E) Trabecular meshwork
Q2) The basal laminae of the retinal epithelium and underlying choriocapillaris endothelium as well as layers of collagen and elastic fibers make up the _____ of the choroid
A) Bruch's membrane
B) Choroidal stroma
C) Descemet's membrane
D) Drusen
E) Sclera
Q3) The muscle responsible for accommodation is found in the A) Cornea
B) Inner tunica
C) Retina
D) Sclera
E) Uvea
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Chapter 10: Immune Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major histocompatibility complex
A) Activates B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiates into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Helps T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognizes and kills viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secretes interferon on contact with a virus
Q2) Which of the following is found in the red pulp of the spleen?
A) B and T cells
B) Central arteriole
C) Corona
D) Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
E) Splenic cords
Q3) Helper T cells
A) Activate B cells to produce specific antibodies
B) Differentiate into cytotoxic T cells upon re-exposure to a known pathogen
C) Help T cells recognize antigens as nonself
D) Recognize and kill viral cells by secreting perforin
E) Secrete interferon upon contact with a virus
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Chapter 11: Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary cells of the epidermis are
A) Basal cells
B) Keratinocytes
C) Langerhans cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Merkel cells
Q2) These merocrine simple coiled tubular glands are found all over the body
A) Apocrine sweat glands
B) Ceruminous glands
C) Eccrine sweat glands
D) Sebaceous follicles
E) Sebaceous glands
Q3) _____ glands disperse secretory vesicles by bursting, resulting in the death of the cell
A) Apocrine
B) Endocrine
C) Exocrine
D) Holocrine
E) Merocrine
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a component of the tunica intima of a muscular artery?
A) Internal elastic lamina
B) Simple squamous epithelia
C) Smooth muscle
D) Subendothelial connective tissue
E) All of the above compose the muscular artery tunica intima
Q2) In the heart's conduction system, the electrical signal travels from the atrioventricular node to the
A) Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
B) Bundle branches
C) Junctional fibers
D) Purkinje fibers
E) Sinoatrial node
Q3) The tunica media
A) Contains collagen and elastic fibers
B) Directly surrounds the lumen of the blood vessel
C) Includes the external elastic lamina
D) Is composed of simple squamous epithelia
E) Is not found in venules, arterioles, or capillaries
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Chapter 13: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the larynx is not true?
A) It is lined with respiratory epithelium
B) The false vocal folds contain the space of Reinke
C) The subglottis is inferior to the anterior and posterior commissures
D) The true vocal folds are found in the glottis
E) Vocal cords are abducted during inspiration
Q2) In the respiratory system, air moves from the larynx into the
A) Bronchi
B) Bronchioles
C) Laryngopharynx
D) Oropharynx
E) Trachea
Q3) Alveolar cells that manufacture and secrete pulmonary surfactant are
A) Alveolar macrophages
B) Clara cells
C) Endothelial cells
D) Type I alveolar cells
E) Type II alveolar cells
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15
Chapter 14: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following statements about the distal thick segment of the renal tubule are true EXCEPT
A) It does not have a brush border
B) It empties into the collecting duct
C) It excretes sodium ions and absorbs potassium ions
D) It has a larger diameter than the loop of Henle
E) It is impermeable to water outside the presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Q2) Urine enters the minor calyces from the
A) Hilum
B) Major calyces
C) Renal columns
D) Renal papillae
E) Renal pelvis
Q3) Podocytes comstitute the ____ of the renal corpuscle
A) Basal lamina
B) Glomerulus
C) Inner visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
D) Mesangium
E) Outer parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Upper Digestive Segment
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15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outer surface of the tooth's root is covered by _____.
A) Cementum
B) Dentin
C) Enamel
D) Gingivae
E) Pulp
Q2) Which of the following is true of the fungiform lingual papillae?
A) There are 8 to12 of them along the sulcus terminalis
B) They are single, evenly spaced, and are located on the tongue's margin
C) They are the largest lingual papillae and contain the most taste buds
D) They are the smallest and most numerous papillae and give the tongue its characteristic rough appearance
E) They help to clean oral surfaces as well as manipulate and process food
Q3) Meissner's plexus is located in which layer of the alimentary canal?
A) Epithelium
B) Lamina propria
C) Muscularis externa
D) Muscularis mucosa
E) Submucosa
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Lower Digestive Segment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true of the crypts of Lieberkühn?
A) Their bases may contain Paneth cells
B) They are found between the intestinal villi
C) They are intestinal glands
D) They are simple tubular glands
E) They are unique to the small intestine
Q2) Cholecystokinin
A) Inhibits gastric juice secretion
B) Inhibits pancreatic juice secretion
C) Stimulates antigen endocytosis
D) Stimulates lysozyme secretion
E) Stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile
Q3) Fat-filled pouches in the large intestinal adventitia are called
A) Appendices epiploicae
B) Peyer's patches
C) Plicae circulares
D) Rugae
E) Taeniae coli
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Chapter 17: Digestive Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an accurate statement about salivary gland secretory acini?
A) Acini are surrounded by myoepithelial cells
B) Fused secretory cells form compound acini called serous demilunes
C) Mucous acini lumina have a spongy appearance
D) Serous acini secrete salivary amylase
E) Submandibular glands contain primarily mucous acini with serous demilunes
Q2) Which of the following statements about classic liver lobules is incorrect?
A) Blood plasma contents can freely enter the space of Disse through the fenestrated epithelium
B) Cords of hepatocytes are separated by vascular sinusoids
C) Hepatocytes radiate outward from the portal triads
D) Kupffer cells are fixed macrophage cells attached to the epithelium
E) Liver lobules are hexagonal in shape
Q3) Digestive enzymes such as trypsin and cholesterol esterase are secreted by the A) Cardiac glands
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Liver
D) Pancreatic secretory acini
E) Principal ("true") gastric glands
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Chapter 18: Neuroendocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melatonin
A) Is secreted by the neurohypophysis
B) Is secreted immediately following synthesis by acidophils
C) Is transported along pinealocyte axons
D) Production is stimulated by sunlight
E) Stimulates growth hormone secretion
Q2) Which endocrine structure does not directly synthesize any hormones but instead stores hormones and secretes them following a nervous signal from the hypothalamus?
A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary
E) Thyroid gland
Q3) Prolactin secretion is _____ by _____.
A) Inhibited dopamine
B) Inhibited somatostatin
C) Stimulated dopamine
D) Stimulated growth hormone-releasing hormone
E) Stimulated nerve impulse from the hypothalamus
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adequate iodide levels are required for the synthesis of
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
E) Thyroxine
Q2) Which endocrine structure secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine?
A) Adenohypophysis
B) Adrenal cortex
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Neurohypophysis
E) Thyroid gland
Q3) Sodium and water retention in the kidney is stimulated by a hormone secreted by A) Chromaffin cells
B) Islets of Langerhans
C) Zona fasciculata
D) Zona glomerulosa
E) Zona reticularis
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21
Chapter 20: Spermatogenesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which phase of spermiogenesis does the manchette develop?
A) Acrosomal phase
B) Cap phase
C) Golgi phase
D) Maturation phase
E) Spermatid rotation phase
Q2) Which of the following is not true of Sertoli cells?
A) Their function is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone
B) They are found in testicular interstitial tissue
C) They prevent cytotoxic agents from moving to the seminiferous tubules from the blood by forming tight junctions with adjacent Sertoli cells
D) They provide mechanical support for spermatogenic cells
E) They provide nutrition for spermatogenic cells
Q3) Testosterone is secreted by
A) Leydig cells
B) Principal cells
C) Sertoli cells
D) Spermatogenic cells
E) Spermatogonia
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Sperm Transport and Maturation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure contributes a lubricating mucus substance to semen?
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Epididymidis
C) Prostate
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
Q2) Sperm are matured and stored in what structure?
A) Epididymidis
B) Prostate
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Testis
E) Vas deferens
Q3) Numerous tubuloalveolar glands that secrete a motility-enhancing substance constitute the
A) Bulbourethral gland
B) Ductus epididymidis
C) Prostate gland
D) Seminal vesicle
E) Testis
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Follicle Development and the Menstrual Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) During which stage of the endometrial cycle is mitotic activity most intense?
A) Early proliferative period
B) Ischemic period
C) Late proliferative period
D) Midproliferative period
E) Midsecretory period
Q2) Which of the following does not occur as a result of the luteinizing hormone surge?
A) Formation of the corpus luteum
B) Increased estrogen secretion
C) Ovulation
D) Secondary oocyte completes meiosis I
E) Secretion of proteolytic enzymes from the mature follicle
Q3) The thick fibromuscular layer of the uterus is the
A) Cervix
B) Cortex
C) Endometrium
D) Myometrium
E) Tunica albuginea
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Chapter 23: Fertilization, Placentation, and Lactation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the spermatozoa contains digestive enzymes that aid in fertilization?
A) Acrosome
B) Basal plate
C) End piece
D) Neck
E) Tail
Q2) Rapid cell division without organismal growth is called
A) Cleavage
B) Implantation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
E) Oogenesis
Q3) Where does fertilization usually occur?
A) Cervix
B) Ovary
C) Oviduct
D) Uterus
E) Vagina
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