Human Services
Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Human Services is an interdisciplinary field focused on meeting the needs of individuals, families, and communities through the provision of a variety of support services. The course introduces students to the history, values, and ethical framework of the human services profession, highlighting the roles and responsibilities of human services professionals in diverse settings. It explores models of service delivery, client advocacy, case management, group facilitation, and crisis intervention. Emphasis is placed on the development of professional communication, cultural competency, and problem-solving skills to effectively support people from diverse backgrounds. The course also examines contemporary social issues, such as poverty, addiction, and mental health, and how policies and community resources impact client outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Career Counseling A Holistic Approach 9th Edition by Vernon G. Zunker
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17 Chapters
789 Verified Questions
789 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues
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54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how the study of human abilities influenced the career guidance movement.
Answer: Major Points
The study of human differences eventually led to a humanistic approach to counseling.Counselors placed greater emphasis upon all aspects of lifestyle.A major emphasis was placed upon individual potential and work-related experience.A greater emphasis was placed upon individuality of human traits and abilities.
Q2) Demonstrate similarities and dissimilarities between career development and career guidance.
Answer: Major Points
Career development is the total constellation of psychological, sociological, educational, physical, economic, and chance factors that combine to influence the nature and significance of work in the total life span of any given individual.It reflects individually developed needs and goals associated with stages of life and with tasks that affect career choices and subsequent fulfillment of purpose.Career guidance is a counselor-coordinated effort designed to facilitate career development through a variety of professional services that fosters each client's ability and desire to manage their own career development.
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Chapter 2: Theories of Career Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theory do Young, Valach and Collin (1996, 2002) propose as one way to understand a contextualist explanation of career counseling?
A)Change theory
B)Environment theory
C)Action theory
D)Career theory
Answer: C
Q2) According to the Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) theory, the major strategy of career interventions is to:
A)Provide interventions to identify personality dimensions
B)Provide interventions that improves one's self-concept
C)Provide learning interventions to enhance one's information processing ability
D)Provide interventions to understand the influence of life course events
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Career Counseling Models
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The trait-and-factor approach of career counseling incorporates:
A)the assumption that clients do not have unique traits that can be matched with requirements of occupations.
B)anon-actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client's trait characteristics.
C)an actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client's measured trait characteristics.
D)primarily subjective information.
Answer: C
Q2) Occupational reinforcement patterns are prominently used in which of the aforementioned career counseling models?
A)Developmental
B)A Learning Theory of Career Counseling
C)Cognitive Information Processing Model
D)A Multicultural Career Counseling Model for Ethnic Women
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Integrating Career and Personal Counseling
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49 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is NOT true of career and personal counseling?
A)It is sometimes best to delay career counseling until some or most personal problems are moderated
B)Career and personal counseling are not interconnected
C)Career and personal counseling can take place simultaneously
D)Career and personal counseling are interconnected
Q2) What are some strategies for developing a holistic approach to career and personal counseling?
Q3) Define Irv's four domains and explain the strategies unique to each domain.
Q4) The affective domain includes concerns regarding:
A)faulty thinking, inappropriate behavior, maladaptive behavior, poor information processing skills.
B)poor adjustment to the dominant cultural values, lack of job skills, effects of discrimination and oppression, relating to others.
C)emotional instability, panic attacks, poor self-esteem, feelings of inferiority, helplessness.
D)indecisiveness, deficiencies in basic skills, poor work identity.
Q5) Describe the biopsychosocial model.
Q6) How can a client address anxiety disorder with systematic desensitization?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Career Counseling Intake Interview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an appropriate reason for self-disclosure?
A)As a means of confrontation
B)To focus the direction of the conversation
C)To increase the counselor's level of self-disclosure
D)To increase the client's level of self-disclosure
Q2) What are the driving forces behind significant life decisions?
A)Career choices
B)One's values and core beliefs influenced by environmental experiences and life-course events
C)Anxiety reactions
D)Social interactions
Q3) Choose the FALSE answer from the list describing career barriers that may be the result of contextual experiences.
A)Lack of openness to career selection
B)Discrimination against and oppression of career ideals, lack of educational and occupational opportunities and lack of quality educational experiences
C)Good role models
D)Poor role models, socioeconomic disadvantages and unstable familial experiences
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Chapter 6: Using Standardized Tests and Self-Assessment in Career Counseling
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49 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) For what purpose is Career Beliefs Inventory used as a counseling tool?
A)To help clients identify career beliefs that can inhibit their abilities to make career decisions in their best interests
B)To measure the degree of a person's dysfunctional thinking
C)To help list the number of career beliefs that exist
D)To measure how dysfunctional thinking can affect the decision-making process
Q2) List the types of achievement tests and discuss how each type may be used in career counseling.
Q3) Two of the most widely used interest inventories for career counseling are:
A)Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Kuder interest inventories.
B)Self-Interest Inventories and the Strong Interest Inventory (SII).
C)Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and the Holland interest inventories.
D)Career Interest Inventory (CII) and the Holland interest inventories.
Q4) Self-Assessment procedures for career counseling may include:
A)interest identification.
B)focused questions to uncover specific variables.
C)autobiography.
D)all of the above.
Q6) Why are validity and reliability important factors to consider? Page 8
Q5) Compare and contrast the purpose of content and criterion validity.
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Page 9
Chapter 7: The Impact of New Technology on Work, Career Development, and Learning Platforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is ITS an abbreviation for?
A)Intelligent Tutoring Systems
B)Intelligent Training Systems
C)Information Training Systems
D)Information Tutoring Systems
Q2) What resources would you suggest in order to guide a person/client to best utilize the Internet in searching for a job?
Q3) Guidance systems contain a variety of modules, such as:
A)instruction in the career decision process, assessment and prediction of future success
B)assistance with planning and development of strategies for future plans.
C)both A and B.
D)none of the above.
Q4) The major purpose of CACG and online systems is to:
A)Enhance the efforts of the career counselor
B)Make decisions for clients
C)Eliminate oversight of the career counselor
D)Eliminate the use of hard copy information
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Q5) Describe what Harris-Bowlsbey (2002) developed and how it would relate to your career.
Chapter 8: On Being an Ethical Career Counselor
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term most appropriately describes the process when clients are involved in using the Internet to identify occupations based on interests, skills and experiences or support for job seeking?
A)Career development
B)Career counseling
C)Career interests
D)Career planning
Q2) The moral obligation of counselors implies:
A)The intent of the counselor to do what is appropriate
B)Patience when dealing with a client's problems
C)Appropriate training programs
D)Skills needed for counseling
Q3) What is the meaning of "informed consent"?
A)When a client agrees to engage in counseling without coercion
B)Discussion regarding the supervision of the counselor's work with clients
C)Disclosure by the counselor of important information the client needs in making the decision as to whether she or he is to start counseling
D)When a psychologist answers patients' questions
Q4) Briefly discuss the principles surrounding a client's right to privacy.
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Chapter 9: Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the second largest racial minority group in America today?
A)African-Americans
B)Asian
C)Southeast Asian
D)Hispanic
Q2) Recognition and endorsement of an individual's unique beliefs that were developed and influenced by sociocultural events and experiences refers to:
A)Cultural inheritance
B)Cultural relativism
C)Cultural family life
D)Cultural lifestyle
Q3) Describe cultural differences in work-related values as reported by Hoftstede (1984).
Q4) Who suggests the use of several terms for identifying native groups such as Native American, Native Indigenous, and First Nations People?
A)Ryan and Ryan
B)Weaver
C)Johnson, Swartz and Martin
D)LaFromboise, Trimble and Mohatt
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Page 12
Chapter 10: Gender Issues and Dual Careers
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40 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Choose the inaccurate statement applying to role conflict.
A)The necessity of cooperation and willingness and the belief that men should share responsibility of child care and household tasks minimize the chances of role conflict
B)Role conflict in a dual-career family comprises the conflict between family roles and work roles
C)Role conflict decreases when the husband or both husband and wife believe that men should continue to fulfill the traditional role of family breadwinner
D)Role conflict is generally thought of as a system of competing demands from different roles
Q2) The belief that women should be traditionally feminine and men are to be traditionally masculine promotes:
A)Income equality
B)The belief that women should also have a career
C)Equality
D)Gender stereotypical thinking
Q3) Compare characteristics of African American and Asian American men and identify related career counseling implications.
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Chapter 11: Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Clients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast cultural differences between African Americans and Hispanic Americans in the way they view and accept sexual minority orientation.
Q2) Identify the six stages of the model of Homosexual Identity Formation (HIF) and the general characteristics associated with those stages.
Q3) An irrational fear, hatred, and intolerance of sexual minorities is known as:
A)Sexual stereotyping
B)Heterosexists assumption
C)Homophobia
D)Sexual elitism
Q4) The number of companies and organizations supporting sexual minority associations has:
A)Recorded no significant changes
B)Increased
C)Decreased
D)Predicted more study for determining support
Q5) Define double minority status and triple minority status and how they differ/relate to differing cultures.
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Chapter 12: Career Counseling for Individuals With Disabilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following statements made about persons with a disability is appropriate?
A)Frank is a deaf mute
B)Frank is handicapped
C)Frank has a hearing impairment
D)Frank is deaf
Q2) One of the significant requirements of the American with Disability Act (ADA) is:
A)Accommodations are only required for the blind
B)Accommodations are to be provided for all individuals with a disability
C)Accommodations are only provided for individuals in wheelchairs
D)People with disabilities are to be treated like everyone else
Q3) What components may be included in a carefully designed, comprehensive program for a minority group individual who has a disability?
A)Financial assistance, college enrollment and job search counseling
B)Problem identification, psychological and physical evaluations and a comprehensive plan
C)Follow-up evaluation
D)All of the above
Q4) What is involved in the vocational assessment?
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Chapter 13: Job Loss and Transitions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What technique options are available for value needs clarification?
A)Assessment of values and needs through standardized inventories
B)Values clarification exercises, which may be accomplished in groups as well as in individual counseling programs
C)Self-estimates
D)Both A and B
Q2) What are some of the unintended consequences of working, and what are the implications of counseling those who have had a job loss with respect to these?
Q3) Briefly describe the coping skills that clients may find helpful in addressing career transitions.
Q4) In what way is a visit file an important segment for delivering relevant occupational information?
A)Provides the names of individuals or organizations who agree to visits and interviews by people interested in obtaining firsthand information about certain occupations
B)Lists the visits by the client to the counselor
C)Provides lists of client's visits to Internet sites for work purposes
D)Lists the visits by the client to the workplace
Q5) Describe how some psychological effects of job loss can be very troublesome.
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Chapter 14: Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) When and how are career anchors formed?
Q2) EPM is the abbreviation for what new innovation that is used by management to evaluate the productivity of workers online?
A)Electric performance management
B)Electric performance magnet
C)Electric performance monitoring
D)Easy performance monitoring
Q3) Career anchors are developed during:
A)Late career
B)Early career
C)College
D)Middle career
Q4) Describe the late career process.
Q5) The self-directed worker's key resource is predicted to be:
A)Attitude
B)Personality
C)Knowledge
D)Experience
Page 17
Q6) Define early career establishment and explain how individuals implement their self-concepts into careers.
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Career-Related Programs for Career Development in Elementary Schools
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is not true regarding the counselor's sensitivity to culturally diverse families?
A)Behavior, conduct and family roles in most culturally diverse groups are also influenced by religious issues
B)It would be unusual to find clients who have different levels and degrees of assimilation into dominant middle-class society
C)Significant diversity among ethnic groups greatly contributes to attitudes, values, behavior patterns and acceptable roles of family members
D)Ethnicity is a powerful driving force in determining the rules, rituals and esprit de corps of family members
Q2) Who writes that all the pervasive developmental disorders include problems with language, socialization and cognition?
A)Kroll and Bertchman
B)Barlow and Durand
C)Duran
D)Altarac and Saroha
Q3) Discuss the importance of resiliency in children
Q4) Discuss the benefits of career development programs in elementary school.
Page 19
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Chapter 16: Career- Related Programs for Career
Development in Middle School
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the major danger of the period of adolescence with regard to identity?
A)Peer relationships
B)Role confusion
C)Identity diffusion
D)Search for identity
Q2) What types of inventories are used in relation to an assessment model for career development to increase self-knowledge and self-awareness?
A)Interest and personality inventories only
B)Interest inventories, personality inventories and value inventories
C)Value inventories only
D)Interest inventories only
Q3) What is the key to a successful assessment model for career development?
A)Fixed structure
B)Inflexibility
C)Authoritative rather than collaborative approach
D)Flexibility
Q4) Discuss the positive factors of resiliency in middle school.
Q5) Briefly discuss the importance and consequences of peer relationships in middle school.
Q6) Identify several advantages of career centers. Page 20
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Page 21
Chapter 17: Career-Related Programs for Career Development in High School and Beyond
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare goals and related activities of intern and extern programs.
Q2) Which statement is true regarding career and technology education?
A)Programs focus on classroom learning rather than a combination of education and work experience
B)Mentoring students on a job site does not have advantages
C)Career preparation, formerly known as cooperative education, now consists of a combination of classroom training and on-the-job training
D)Internships are conducted on campus
Q3) What is a job bank?
A)A listing of all job orders compiled daily within each state and a principal source of job information
B)A career guidance list
C)A listing of finances related to jobs
D)A bank where employees can deposit their job earnings
Q4) Briefly discuss the state of cognitive development and learning of adolescents in high school.
Q5) Briefly discuss the significance of understanding the concept of life roles and their interrelationships.
Q6) Briefly explain some career-related programs in universities.
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