Human Nutrition Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Human Nutrition explores the essential principles and concepts related to nutrients and their role in the human body. The course covers the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, emphasizing their impact on health, growth, and disease prevention. Students will analyze dietary requirements across the lifespan, examine factors affecting food choices, and evaluate the relationship between nutrition, chronic diseases, and public health. Through scientific inquiry and evidence-based practice, learners will develop the knowledge to assess nutritional status and make informed decisions promoting overall well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Wardlaws Perspectives in Nutrition A Functional Approach 1st Edition by Carol Byrd Bredbenner
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18 Chapters
1617 Verified Questions
1617 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many factors influence food choices.Which factor relates to the knowledge, beliefs, religion, and traditions shared by a group of people?
A)food marketing
B)lifestyle
C)education and occupation
D)culture
Answer: D
Q2) A poor diet is a risk factor for the major chronic diseases seen today.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which nutrients do NOT provide energy?
A)water and carbohydrate
B)minerals and vitamins
C)vitamins and protein
D)water, minerals, and lipids
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Tools of a Healthy Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reading food labels helps consumers ________.
A)identify amounts of salt or sodium in the product
B)determine the sugar content of the product
C)determine amount and kind of fat in the product
D)choose foods with dietary fiber
E)All of these responses are correct
Answer: E
Q2) Mandatory labeling of foods is regulated by the ________.
A)USDHHS
B)FTC
C)FDA
D)GAO
Answer: C
Q3) Which claims are NOT closely regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
A)Health claims
B)Structure/function claims
C)Nutrient content claims
D)All of these
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Food Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a current food safety recommendation?
A)Scrub firm produce, such as melons, under running water with a brush before slicing it.
B)Clean all produce with specialized antibacterial washing products.
C)Discard any food with mold on it.
D)Avoid using wooden cutting boards.
Answer: A
Q2) Individuals who are most susceptible to adverse effects from pesticides are ________.
A)the elderly
B)those who have chronic diseases
C)infants and young children
D)adolescents and young adults
Answer: C
Q3) All food additives in the U.S.food supply have been thoroughly tested for safety.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Human Digestion and Absorption
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gallstones are formed mainly from ________.
A)pancreatic secretions
B)cholesterol
C)phospholipids
D)minerals
Q2) Secretions from the pancreas include ________.
A)HCl and digestive enzymes
B)sodium bicarbonate and digestive enzymes
C)cholecystokinin and sodium bicarbonate
D)All of these responses are correct
Q3) Probiotics may be most useful in treating ________.
A)constipation
B)diarrhea in children
C)celiac disease
D)food intolerance
Q4) Which of the following is NOT an enzyme?
A)Sucrase
B)Bile
C)Pepsin
D)Lipase
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Carbohydrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may ________.
A)decrease risk of diabetes
B)lower blood lipid levels
C)decrease risk of certain cancers
D)All of these choices are correct
Q2) After digestion and absorption, dietary carbohydrates may be ________.
A)used for energy
B)converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle tissue
C)synthesized into fat
D)All of these choices are correct
Q3) _______ is defined as fiber that is added to foods and provides health benefits.
A)Dietary fiber
B)Functional fiber
C)Bulk
D)Crude fiber
Q4) The RDA for carbohydrate intake is 300 g/day.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List 4 functions of carbohydrates.
Q6) List 3 examples of non-nutritive sweeteners.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Lipids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Americans eat more omega-3 fatty acids than omega-6 fatty acids.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following groups of foods would contribute a substantial amount of monounsaturated fatty acids to the diet?
A)olive oil, peanuts and almonds
B)beef franks, bologna, and ham
C)Carrots, beets and peppers
D)bacon, eggs, and butter
Q3) Saturated fatty acids predominate in which of the following lipids?
A)canola oil
B)safflower oil
C)butter
D)olive oil
Q4) High levels of ______ in the blood are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease.
A)LDL
B)HDL
C)total cholesterol
D)triglycerides
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Proteins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Protein quality is determined by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A)the food's digestibility
B)the food's cost
C)the food's amino acid composition
D)the food's ability to support body growth
Q2) Vegetarian diets are most often low in calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, iron, and zinc.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following enzymes aids in digesting polypeptides into shorter peptides and amino acids?
A)lipase
B)trypsin
C)HCL
D)lactase
Q4) Explain 3 functions of protein in the body.
Q5) What suggestions would you give to a mother who would like her 5-year-old child to follow a vegetarian diet?
Q6) List 3 nutrients that are likely to be low in a vegan diet.
Q7) List 3 ways of evaluating food protein quality.
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) List 3 reasons why women are less tolerant of alcohol than men.
Q2) Compared to men, women absorb approximately 30-35% more unaltered alcohol from the stomach into the bloodstream.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Excessive alcohol intake can lead to deficiencies of niacin, thiamin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The symptoms of acetaldehyde buildup during alcohol metabolism include ________.
A)flushing
B)rapid heartbeat
C)hyperventilation
D)All of these symptoms can occur
Q5) Alcohol absorption occurs in the ________.
A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)esophagus
D)stomach and small intestine
Q6) List 3 signs of alcohol abuse.
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Chapter 9: Energy Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many molecules of lactate are produced from one molecule of glucose?
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
Q2) In most cases the starting material for gluconeogenesis is ________.
A)oxaloacetate
B)phosphoenolpyruvate
C)carnitine
D)All of these choices are correct
Q3) Explain the meaning of the phrase: "fat burns in the flame of carbohydrates."
Q4) When a compound is oxidized it ______ one or more electrons.
A)loses
B)gains
C)transforms
D)creates
Q5) Explain what happens to ketone levels in the body after prolonged starvation.
Q6) Explain why individuals with undiagnosed diabetes lose weight.
Q7) Why do fats yield more energy per gram than proteins or carbohydrates?
Q8) Name 3 basic metabolic processes in the body.
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Chapter 10: Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eating breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Consumption of a very-low-calorie diet ________.
A)increases BMR by about 10% to 20%
B)decreases BMR by about 10% to 20%
C)has no effect on BMR
Q3) The success (attain and maintain reduced weight for 3 to 5 years) of non-surgical weight reduction programs has been reported to be approximately ________ for adults.
A)40%
B)5%
C)25%
D)0%
Q4) To counteract the binge, the bulimic patient may ________.
A)induce vomiting
B)take laxatives
C)over-exercise
D)All of these choices are accurate
Q5) Name the three important components of a successful weight-management program. Page 12
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Chapter 11: Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans substantial health benefits occur when adults engage ________.
A)in occasional physical activity
B)in 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each week
C)in 75 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each week
D)None of these responses are correct
Q2) The suggested macronutrient intake for endurance athletes should be _____ from carbohydrates, ______ from protein, and ______ from fat.
A)46%; 16%; 38%
B)50%; 25%; 25%
C)60%; 15%; 25%
D)40%; 30%; 30%
Q3) Which of the foods below constitutes the best choice when attempting carbohydrate loading before endurance events?
A)orange juice
B)French fries
C)spaghetti
D)sausage
Q4) Why is a high intake of protein for athletes discouraged?
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Chapter 12: Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) After absorption, the fat-soluble vitamins are distributed to body cells by ________.
A)free fatty acids
B)lipases
C)mucopolysaccharides
D)lipoproteins
Q2) Supplements of the water-soluble vitamins ______ and _______ are most likely to cause toxicity symptoms.
A)thiamin; riboflavin
B)vitamin B-12; pantothenic acid
C)vitamin B-6; vitamin C
D)biotin; vitamin B-12
Q3) Dairy products are generally good sources of ________.
A)vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium
B)vitamin C, riboflavin, and calcium
C)vitamin D, calcium, and iron
D)vitamin C, vitamin D, and riboflavin
Q4) How does the USP label on a nutrient supplement help the consumer?
Q5) List 3 symptoms noted in persons with vitamin A deficiency.
Q6) Identify different reasons that people may choose to take supplements.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Micronutrients in Energy and Amino Acid
Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Niacin is necessary in the diet to prevent the disease called ________.
A)pernicious anemia
B)beriberi
C)scurvy
D)pellagra
Q2) A nutrient-dense source of thiamin is ________.
A)citrus fruits
B)milk and milk products
C)pork and pork products
D)leafy green vegetables
Q3) Biotin is needed for ________.
A)gluconeogenesis
B)glutathione reductase
C)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
D)None of these answers are correct
Q4) Pernicious anemia is treated most often by ________.
A)a diet high in milk and dairy products
B)regular intramuscular injection of vitamin B-12
C)oral supplementation of iron
D)eating liver three times a week
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Chapter 14: Fluid Balance and Blood Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body regulates its potassium content by ________.
A)absorbing more or less potassium from the gastrointestinal tract
B)excreting more or less potassium in the urine
C)storing more or less potassium in the liver
D)storing more or less potassium in the bone
Q2) Why does vitamin K not have an established UL?
Q3) The richest sources of copper are ________.
A)oranges and melons
B)refined grains and pastries
C)nuts and dark chocolate
D)dark leafy greens
Q4) Ferritin is a key iron-binding protein in the intestinal mucosa that prevents it from entering the bloodstream.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List 2 transport proteins for iron.
Q6) High intakes of polyphenols, meat protein factor, and manganese aid in the absorption of non-heme iron.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Bone Health and Body Defense Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Healthy, light-skinned individuals can make sufficient vitamin D to meet the body's needs with about ________ of sun exposure on their face, arms, and hands 2 or 3 times per week.
A)15 minutes
B)60 minutes
C)90 minutes
D)120 minutes
Q2) Which statement correctly describes vitamin A?
A)Vitamin A is carried from the liver by retinol-binding protein and transthyretin in the blood.
B)Nearly all cells have vitamin-A binding retinoid receptors.
C)Within a cell, vitamin A is involved in gene expression and cell differentiation.
D)All of these statements are correct.
Q3) Vitamin D synthesis in the skin is affected by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A)use of sunscreen
B)skin color
C)geographic location
D)All of these factors can affect vitamin D synthesis
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Chapter 16: Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
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Sample Questions
Q1) To produce human milk, a lactating woman needs ________.
A)100 - 200 extra kcal per day above prepregnancy needs
B)twice as much dietary protein as needed during pregnancy
C)an extra 32 ounces of fluid daily
D)twice as much dietary iron as needed during pregnancy
E)All of these choices are accurate
Q2) Exposure to alcohol during fetal life may cause ________.
A)inadequate prenatal and infant growth
B)physical deformities
C)mental retardation
D)All of these choices are correct
Q3) A small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant ________.
A)weighs less than 5.5 pounds
B)is likely to have nutritional complications
C)is likely to have medical complications
D)All of these choices are correct
Q4) Low birth weight infants have a greater risk for chronic disease in adult life.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Nutrition During the Growing Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child who exhibits signs of ____ may be suffering from undernutrition.
A)fatigue
B)increased susceptibility to infection
C)underweight
D)All of these are signs of undernutrition
Q2) Substance use can negatively affect teenagers' diets.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why should leftover formula always be discarded?
Q4) Adding too much water to infant formula can be dangerous to the infant.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which is a good indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A)Stature-for-age
B)BMI-for-age
C)Head circumference-for-age
D)All of these are good indicators of recent nutritional status
Q6) One-third of all growth in a lifetime occurs during adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Nutrition During the Adult Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) To prevent constipation, older adults should ________.
A)limit highly sweetened foods
B)increase dietary fiber
C)take laxatives
D)All of these choices are accurate
Q2) In complementary and alternative medicine, a manipulative practice is ________.
A)massage
B)Reiki therapy
C)chiropractic manipulation
D)All of these examples are correct
E)None of these examples are correct
Q3) The diets of adults tend to be high in ________.
A)vitamin D
B)calcium
C)fat
D)zinc
E)fiber
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