Human Nutrition
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Human Nutrition is an interdisciplinary course that explores the scientific principles underlying the role of nutrients in the human body, examining how food choices influence growth, development, health, and disease prevention. Students will learn about the digestion, absorption, metabolism, and physiological functions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, as well as the effects of both deficiencies and excesses. The course also covers contemporary issues such as dietary guidelines, nutritional assessment, the impact of culture and environment on food patterns, and nutrition throughout the human life cycle, with an emphasis on evidence-based approaches to promote optimal health.
Recommended Textbook
Wardlaws Perspectives in Nutrition A Functional Approach 1st Edition by Carol Byrd Bredbenner
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
18 Chapters
1617 Verified Questions
1617 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2465
2
Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48971
Sample Questions
Q1) "The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water one degree Celsius" is the definition of ________.
A)energy
B)kilojoule
C)kilocalorie
D)physiological fuel value
Answer: C
Q2) A health problem NOT associated with low intake of fruits and vegetables is ________.
A)colon cancer
B)liver disease
C)cataracts
D)lung cancer
Answer: B
Q3) The main objective of Healthy People 2020 is to help Americans ________.
A)attain high-quality, longer lives free from preventable death and disease
B)lose weight and increase vegetable intake
C)by promoting intake of minerals among those age 2 years and older
D)increase intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Tools of a Healthy Diet
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48970
Sample Questions
Q1) Which nutrients are contributed by the protein foods group of MyPlate?
A)iron
B)calcium
C)vitamin C
D)folate
Answer: A
Q2) Labeling laws require that ingredients in food products be listed on the container in descending order of their ________.
A)calories
B)nutrient density
C)weight
D)cost
Answer: C
Q3) The MyPlate vegetable group is divided into which subgroups?
A)Starchy vegetables, red & orange vegetables, and dark green vegetables
B)Dark green vegetables and other vegetables
C)Other vegetables, starchy vegetables, and red & yellow vegetables
D)Dark green vegetables, red & orange vegetables, starchy vegetables, beans and peas, and other vegetables
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Food Supply
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48969
Sample Questions
Q1) Undernutrition results in stunted growth in about _______ of the world's children.
A)50%
B)10%
C)33%
D)8%
Answer: C
Q2) Individuals who are most susceptible to adverse effects from pesticides are ________.
A)the elderly
B)those who have chronic diseases
C)infants and young children
D)adolescents and young adults
Answer: C
Q3) The most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide are ________.
A)vitamin C, vitamin A, and iron
B)iron, vitamin D, and calcium
C)vitamin C, calcium, and iron
D)vitamin A, iron, and iodine
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Human Digestion and Absorption
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48968
Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the 3 major functions of the large intestine.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
A)The most common types are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
B)It can cause inflammation and ulceration throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
C)IBD is caused by a reaction to proteins in foods.
D)Nutritional problems related to IBD include anemia, osteoporosis and poor growth (in children).
Q3) The leading cause of peptic ulcer disease is ________.
A)consumption of spicy foods
B)stress
C)Helicobacter pylori infection
D)alcohol consumption
Q4) Which of the following is NOT an enzyme?
A)Sucrase
B)Bile
C)Pepsin
D)Lipase
Q5) List the major substances absorbed in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Carbohydrates
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48967
Sample Questions
Q1) Normal blood glucose levels range between ________.
A)40 and 70 mg/dL
B)70 and 100 mg/dL
C)125 and 140 mg per 100 ml
D)200 and 300 mg/dL
Q2) Name 3 health benefits derived from increased dietary fiber intake.
Q3) Dietary sugars and starches are called "protein sparing," which means ________.
A)sugars and starches can substitute for dietary protein when it comes to body protein synthesis
B)dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy
C)sugars and starches are converted to fat, and then converted to glucose for use as blood sugar
D)sugars and starches are converted by the liver to ketone bodies
Q4) Name 3 typical symptoms of type 1 diabetes.
Q5) The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is ________.
A)glycogen
B)crude fiber
C)soluble fiber
D)insoluble fiber
Page 7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Lipids
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48966
Sample Questions
Q1) Ergosterol is a type of sterol found in ________.
A)eggs
B)meat
C)plants
D)None of the choices are correct
Q2) All of the following are uncontrollable risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT
A)gender
B)age
C)genetics
D)hypertension
Q3) Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to tissues?
A)chylomicron
B)low density lipoprotein (LDL)
C)high density lipoprotein (HDL)
D)chylomicron remnant
Q4) How do the plant stanols found in some margarines lower cholesterol?
Q5) What is atherosclerosis and what key lipid factors contribute to this disease?
Q6) What is the role of bile acids in the digestion of lipids?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Proteins
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48965
Sample Questions
Q1) Dietary proteins supply ______ kcal per gram.
A)4
B)7
C)9
D)15
Q2) Signs of protein deficiency may include ________.
A)edema
B)mild to moderate weight loss
C)poor resistance to infection
D)All of these choices are accurate
Q3) Anergy is ________.
A)the space between body cells
B)a substance that adjusts hydrogen ion concentration
C)a substance that inactivates foreign proteins in the body
D)the lack of an immune response to foreign substances entering the body
Q4) Legumes are an excellent source of vegetable protein.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define the four levels of protein organization.
Q6) Explain why denaturation of a protein destroys its biological function.
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Alcohol
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48964
Sample Questions
Q1) List 3 reasons why women are less tolerant of alcohol than men.
Q2) Liver cirrhosis is characterized by ________.
A)decreased synthesis of proteins made in the liver
B)abnormal retention of fluid in the abdomen
C)poor nutritional status
D)All of these answers are correct
Q3) What are 4 symptoms that might indicate that someone has a problem with alcohol?
Q4) An alcoholic beverage with 15 g alcohol provides ______ kcal from alcohol.
A)105
B)60
C)135
D)15
Q5) A standard drink contains _____ grams of alcohol.
A)5
B)10
C)15
D)25
Q6) Define what is meant by light drinker, moderate drinker, and heavy drinker for an average man and for an average woman.
Q7) List 3 signs of alcohol abuse.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Energy Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
79 Verified Questions
79 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48963
Sample Questions
Q1) Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby the body ________.
A)converts glucose to its storage form
B)retrieves stored glucose from the liver
C)lowers the glucose level of the blood
D)produces glucose from amino acid and glycerol molecules
Q2) Why do fats yield more energy per gram than proteins or carbohydrates?
Q3) When the carbon skeleton of an amino acid is oxidized for energy, the amino group is removed and sent to the liver to produce ________.
A)ammonia
B)protein
C)urea
D)albumin
Q4) Diabetic ketoacidosis is a result of a lack of insulin.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Using metabolic terms, explain how the MEOS system is different from the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway for metabolism of alcohol.
Q6) Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.How does this apply to physical activity?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48962
Sample Questions
Q1) A "thrifty metabolism" is a genetic predisposition that ________.
A)causes a person to expend higher-than-average energy at rest
B)enables a person to store fat readily
C)enables a person to expend fat readily
D)None of these choices are accurate
Q2) Which hormone increases in the blood immediately following consumption of a meal?
A)Cholecystokinin
B)Ghrelin
C)Epinephrine
D)Glucagon
Q3) The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is ________.
A)your exercise pattern
B)what you had for breakfast
C)your lean body mass
D)environmental temperature
Q4) What are the advantages and disadvantages of skinfold measurements as a technique for assessing body composition?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Q5) How can family therapy help in the treatment of a patient with an eating disorder?
Chapter 11: Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48961
Sample Questions
Q1) A pre-event meal eaten 1 to 2 hours before competition should be ________.
A)low in fat
B)low in fluid
C)high in dietary fiber
D)All of these choices are accurate
Q2) Describe how the intensity of exercise effects glycogen utilization.
Q3) Aerobic metabolism uses oxygen in the ________.
A)breakdown of glucose to lactic acid
B)breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
C)formation of acetyl CoA
D)breakdown of glucose to CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O
Q4) College wrestlers can best enhance their strength by dehydration.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is NOT a part of the female athlete triad: ________.
A)amenorrhea
B)bone loss/osteoporosis
C)type 2 diabetes
D)energy deficit/disordered eating
Q6) Why is a high intake of protein for athletes discouraged?
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48960
Sample Questions
Q1) Excess amounts of most water-soluble vitamins are ________.
A)stored in the adipose tissue
B)readily excreted
C)stored in the liver
D)often toxic
Q2) Which of the following is the leading type of cancer in males and females?
A)brain
B)liver
C)lung
D)colon
Q3) Plant foods are good sources of the minerals potassium and magnesium.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Megadoses of vitamins are useful in preventing nutritional deficiencies and decreasing disease risk.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Some minerals can be synthesized in the human body.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Micronutrients in Energy and Amino Acid
Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48959
Sample Questions
Q1) Manganese plays a role in antioxidant defense as a part of the superoxide dismutase enzyme system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Athletes commonly believe that the trace mineral ________ helps improve muscle mass and strength despite lack of research evidence.
A)chromium
B)zinc
C)manganese
D)selenium
Q3) Which group of individuals has the highest requirement for folate?
A)infants
B)adolescent males
C)pregnant women
D)the elderly
Q4) Intrinsic factor is produced by the ________.
A)beta-cells of the pancreas
B)salivary glands
C)parietal cells of the stomach
D)enterocytes of the small intestine
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Fluid Balance and Blood Health
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48958
Sample Questions
Q1) Why are children at risk of iron toxicity?
Q2) Phytic acid and oxalic acid ________ the absorption of dietary iron.
A)increase
B)decrease
C)do not have any effect on
Q3) In a healthy person, sodium consumed in excess of body needs is ________.
A)stored in the liver
B)excreted by the kidneys
C)metabolized in cells
D)excreted in the feces
Q4) Which of the following factors increases iron absorption?
A)high intakes of zinc
B)high stores of iron
C)low gastric acidity
D)increased need for iron
Q5) Which of the following groups would be most at risk for potassium deficiency?
A)Infants and young children
B)Pregnant women
C)Patients taking diuretics
D)Breastfeeding mothers
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Bone Health and Body Defense Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48957
Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to its role in bone development and maintenance, calcium is also required for ________.
A)blood clotting, transmitting nerve impulses, and muscle contraction
B)regulating potassium excretion, normal kidney function, and regulating intracellular water content
C)phospholipid synthesis, muscle contraction, and formation of DNA and RNA
D)blood clotting, magnesium absorption, and insulin release from the pancreas
Q2) What vitamin would most likely lead to death in both deficient and toxic levels?
A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin B-12
Q3) Children eating large amounts of carrots can develop ________.
A)hyperactivity
B)hypercarotenemia
C)hyperglycemia
D)vitamin A toxicity
Q4) Bone health is easily determined by a measurement of blood calcium level.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48956
Sample Questions
Q1) A newborn's chances of survival are most influenced by ________.
A)the mother's prepregnancy weight
B)gestation length
C)the mother's weight gain during pregnancy
D)the infant's length at birth
Q2) To minimize nausea during pregnancy, pregnant women should ________.
A)wear strong perfume
B)drink a large glass of cool water before getting out of bed in the morning
C)breathe warm, moist air
D)None of these responses are accurate
Q3) Maternal iron deficiency anemia can cause ________.
A)premature birth
B)infant death
C)labor complications
D)All of these are effects of iron deficiency
Q4) Which of the following is NOT true about the placenta?
A)It provides nourishment to the zygote
B)It synthesizes fatty acids, cholesterol, and glycogen
C)It produces hormones that affect the mother and fetus
D)It grows throughout pregnancy
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Nutrition During the Growing Years
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48955
Sample Questions
Q1) If human milk or infant formula are not available, ____ can provide a safe, nutritious alternative for infants.
A)sweetened condensed milk
B)soy drinks
C)evaporated milk
D)All of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula
E)None of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula
Q2) Children should be screened for elevated blood cholesterol if their families have histories of early development of heart disease.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why is cow's milk not recommended for infants?
A)Its calcium content is too low.
B)Its vitamin E content is too high.
C)Its protein content is too high.
D)Its vitamin C content is too high.
E)All of these responses are accurate.
Q4) Why should leftover formula always be discarded?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 18: Nutrition During the Adult Years
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/48954
Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true about herbs?
A)There is little regulation regarding herbal supplements in the U.S.
B)There have been no cases of adverse effects of using herbal supplements.
C)Herbal supplements are more effective than medicines.
D)Herbal supplements are as rigorously tested as medicines in the U.S.
E)All of these responses are true.
Q2) Intakes of ______ have been associated with reduced risk for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.
A)vitamin E
B)folate
C)lutein
D)zeaxanthin
E)both lutein and zeaxanthin
Q3) Physical activity is associated with ________.
A)improved sleep
B)reduced risk for falling
C)positive mental outlook
D)better mobility
E)All of these responses are correct
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 20