Human Memory Test Bank
Course Introduction
Human Memory explores the cognitive processes and brain mechanisms underlying the encoding, storage, retrieval, and forgetting of information. The course examines various types of memory, including sensory, short-term, working, and long-term memory, as well as episodic and semantic memory. Students will analyze theoretical models, empirical research, and neurological findings to understand how memories are formed, maintained, and lost. The impact of factors such as emotion, attention, and aging on memory performance is discussed, along with topics like memory disorders, the reliability of eyewitness testimony, and strategies for improving memory. The course integrates perspectives from psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science to provide a comprehensive understanding of human memory.
Recommended Textbook
Memory Foundations and Applications 3rd Edition by Bennett L. Schwartz
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13 Chapters
1177 Verified Questions
1177 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2113
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Memory
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42093
Sample Questions
Q1) Paired-associate learning is the association between two items.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Explain the differences between the dependant and the independent and their function.
Answer: Dependant does not change. Independent is measured.
Q3) Judgments of learning are predictions rather than memories.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) Data points on the savings score will naturally coincide with the lines on a forgetting curve.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q5) Metamemory is our knowledge and ______ of our own memory process. Answer: awareness
Q6) Describe the importance of Endel Tulving's work. Answer: Proponent of episodic and semantic memory involving multiple systems.
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Memory and the Brain
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42094
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the use of Acetylchlorine by neurons.
Answer: innervate and muscle control.
Q2) What equipment has advanced our understanding of the relation of brain and mind more than any other tool?
A)TMs
B)MRI
C)PET
D)fMRI
Answer: D
Q3) The area of the brain that is located just below the prefrontal cortex, above the lateral fissure, and beside the precentral gyrus is known as the:
A)Broca's area.
B)hippocampus area.
C)occipital Lobe area.
D)visual cortex.
Answer: A
Q4) The brain is divisible into two ______ halves, oriented in the left-right direction.
Answer: symmetrical
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Chapter 3: Working Memory
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42095
Sample Questions
Q1) PET and fMRI data show that working memory functions are housed in the:
A)amygdale.
B)occipital lobe.
C)angular gyrus.
D)pre-frontal lobe.
Answer: D
Q2) Describe the working memory system of the phonological loop.
Answer: Auditory, rehearsal, short-term memory to long-term memory, and limited-capacity system that holds auditory information for brief periods.
Q3) The phonological loop is mildly impaired in the presence of background speech.This is known as what type of speech?
A)loud
B)buffered
C)slurred
D)irrelevant
Answer: D
Q4) Explain the two types of rehearsal maintenance of memory.
Answer: Maintenance and elaborative.
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Chapter 4: Episodic Memory
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42096
Sample Questions
Q1) Prospective memory appears to be directed by mechanisms in the:
A)frontal lobes.
B)memory cortex.
C)medula.
D)optic nerves.
Q2) Tulving's patient KC shows memory deficits for:
A)episodic memory only.
B)episodic and semantic memory, but not working memory.
C)the ability to generate visual images.
D)episodic memories from early childhood only.
Q3) Brain damage that can affect one cognitive system but leave another one intact is termed ______.
Q4) ______ amnesia is usually restrictive to episodic memory when a congenital deficit is present.
Q5) The von Restorff effect works because the isolated item always occurs in a critical serial position.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain semantic memory and give one example of this system.
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Q7) Neurocognitive system retrieving information of personal experiences is ______
Chapter 5: Semantic Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42097
Sample Questions
Q1) Research shows that the best way for adults to learn a new language is:
A)the submersion method.
B)the immersion method.
C)the audiolingual method.
D)the submersible method.
Q2) Lexical memory is a working memory system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following sentences is true?
A)A schema is a script used to generate lexical knowledge.
B)A schema is generalized knowledge about an event, a person, or a situation.
C)A schema is a means of activating individual category nodes.
D)A schema is a superordinate category.
Q4) Feature comparison theory states that:
A)we compare the prototype to the exemplar.
B)we compare the lemma to the lexeme.
C)we maintain a list of features for each category.
D)we maintain an unusual number level of categorization.
Q5) Retrieving the word "attorney" when we meant to retrieve the word "barrister" is an example of a ______.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Visual Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42098
Sample Questions
Q1) Studies show that:
A)eidetic imagery is a practiced skill.
B)eidetic imagery bears no relationship to "photographic memory."
C)eidetic imagery is responsible for visual learning in all people.
D)eidetic imagery is more common in young children than adults.
Q2) Meissner and others research shows that, with respect to the cross-race bias effect,
A)the cross-race bias is largest when participants are tested in a racially charged environment.
B)minority groups are better at recognizing faces of the majority group than the majority group is at recognizing faces of minority groups.
C)majority groups are better at recognizing faces of the minority group than the minority group is at recognizing faces of majority groups.
D)the cross-race bias is only apparent in American society.
Q3) The patients studied by Bisiach and Luzzatti (1978) showed:
A)hemifield neglect in his visual imagery.
B)an inability form visual images.
C)deficits in his visual working memory.
D)no brain damage whatsoever, despite his functional deficit.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Autobiographical Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42099
Sample Questions
Q1) Berntsen, Staugaard, and Sorensen (in press) asked participants to engage in sound-location task which involved determining if two sounds were being played to the same ear or one to each ear.They found that novel sounds were less likely to induce involuntary memories.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the process of coherence.
Q3) Which is an example of an "extended" event in Conway's theory?
A)a combined memory of many trips to the grocery store
B)the memory of the specific instant when the check-out person at the grocery store dropped a large bag of rice on your toes
C)the memory of your life when you worked at a ranch in Utah
D)the memory of the horse-back riding trip you took in the hills of Utah
Q4) Daselaar et al. (2008) examined the neural correlates of retrieval from ______ memory.They found that those memories that were given high judgments of emotionality were correlated with greater activity in the hippocampus and the amygdala in the limbic system.
Q5) Explain correspondence in memory of events.
Q6) Explain the "cue-word" technique in memory.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: False Memory
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42100
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these variables lowers but does not eliminate critical intrusions in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) procedure?
A)encoding instructions that focus on distinctiveness
B)presenting longer lists.
C)presenting pictures instead of words.
D)both (b) and (c) are correct.
Q2) In McCloskey and Zaragoza (1985), the misinformation effect did not occur because the distractors in a recognition test did not include the misinformation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of these are problems in conducting cognitive interviews?
A)the methods used in cognitive interviews lower the accuracy of recall
B)the cognitive interview is only useful when interrogating suspects
C)the cognitive interview requires the monitoring of brain waves to ensure honesty
D)many police officers interrupted and asked more directed questions while trying to use the cognitive interview
Q4) Explain the "Fuzzy-Trace" theory.
Q5) Describe critical intrusion.
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Chapter 9: Metamemory
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42101
Sample Questions
Q1) According to the theory behind the region of proximal learning, we should:
A)allocate study to items which have not yet received study time.
B)allocate study to the most difficult items in the set.
C)allocate study time not to easy items that we have already mastered nor to the extraordinarily difficult items, but to learnable items, only which have not yet been learned.
D)allocate study time to the most easy items initially and then gradually to more difficult items as we warm up to the study task.
Q2) The "labor-in-vain" effect refers to:
A)the observation that participants will study more difficult items more than easy ones, but not enough to bridge the gap in recall between the two sets.
B)the observation that allocation of study time is not correlated with performance.
C)the observation that the hard work that goes into making JOLs should be redirected to actual study.
D)the observation that participants who tend to give inflated JOLs are also those with higher self-esteem.
Q3) Explain retrospective confidence.
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Chapter 10: Memory Disorders
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42102
Sample Questions
Q1) ______ amnesia covers all forms of amnesia that are not directly linked to disruption or injury to the brain.
Q2) Research on reduplicative paramnesia indicates that the neurological damage is in the Amygdala.
A)True
B)False
Q3) H.M.became amnesic when:
A)his hippocampus was surgically removed.
B)he suffered a closed head injury in an auto accident.
C)he suffered a stroke.
D)he nearly drowned.
Q4) Describe Capgras Syndrome.
Q5) Which is not a common cause of amnesia?
A)strokes
B)auto accidents
C)hypnotism
D)Alzheimer's disease
Q6) ______ disease is associated with damage to the diencephalon area of the brain.
Q7) Explain Ribot's Law.
Q8) Explain Transient global amnesia.
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Chapter 11: Memory in Childhood
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42103
Sample Questions
Q1) In one study, it was found that 4-month-old children:
A)looked more at upright photos of faces than upside-down photos of faces.
B)preferentially looked at writing in the system that their languages uses than other systems.
C)correctly picked up objects they had heard described earlier.
D)none of the above.
Q2) Howe, Toth, and Cicchetti (2012) also found that children could use directed forgetting to inhibit items that they were not supposed to remember.They also found that children were better able to inhibit ______ items than neutral items.
Q3) Describe how childhood amnesia relates to episodic memory.
Q4) In a false belief test,
A)young children will mistake cognition for metacognition.
B)young children will employ memory strategies when they should rely on memory efficiency.
C)infants replace actual objects with imagined objects.
D)young children do not recognize that others do not know what they know.
Q5) Describe the false-belief test.
Q6) Describe semantic memory in children.
Q7) Explain the memory efficiency view.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Memory in Older Adults
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42104
Sample Questions
Q1) When older adults misperceive an object, they are:
A)more likely to show inattention blindness.
B)less likely to show visual-auditory feedback.
C)often forget the correction that led them to correctly identify the object.
D)less likely to know the correct target name of the object than if they had correctly perceived initially.
Q2) Because older adults tend to recall less items in paired associate learning, their JOLs tend to be ______ numerically than younger adults.
Q3) However, McDaniel and Bugg (2012) argue that the assumptions of memory rehabilitation are incorrect.Following from a multiple memory systems perspective, they assert that:
A)specific memory training will enhance all aspects of memory performance.
B)specific memory training has no effect in older adults.
C)specific memory training may enhance that particular form of memory in that older adult, but will have limited generalizability to tasks that tap other memory systems
D)Because memory rehabilitation is still not fully developed, no firm conclusions can yet be made.
Q4) Explain episodic memory.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Memory Improvement and Learning Efficiency
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/42105
Sample Questions
Q1) Judgments of learning improve memory by:
A)making a JOL superior in memory improvement to retrieval practice.
B)alerting us to those items that need further study.
C)providing the appropriate retrieval cues.
D)accurately predicting future test performance.
Q2) Playing tapes at subliminal levels or while someone is sleeping has been found to prove that you can learn new information by subliminal methods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When is massed practice beneficial?
A)Massed practice is never beneficial.
B)Massed practice is beneficial when it immediately precedes the test.
C)Massed practice is beneficial when the learning concerns athletic performance.
D)Massed practice is beneficial when long-term retention is desirable.
Q4) Retrieval cues are helpful for memory improvement because:
A)retrieval cues are random strings of digits which help our memory.
B)retrieval cues direct our attention to metamemory.
C)we can structure our learning to provide with a variety of retrieval cues.
D)mnemonic structures exist independent of their retrieval value.
Q5) Describe an Acrostic.
Page 15
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