Human Memory Exam Bank
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of human memory, examining the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. Students will study various types of memory including sensory, short-term, working, and long-term memory and consider factors that affect memory performance such as attention, emotion, and aging. The course also covers topics such as amnesia, memory disorders, false memories, and current research on improving memory function. Through lectures, readings, and practical activities, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how memory shapes human experience and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Memory 2nd Edition by
Mark A. Gluck
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12 Chapters
1304 Verified Questions
1304 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3663 Page 2
Chapter 1: The Psychology of Learning and Memory
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72907
Sample Questions
Q1) In Ebbinghaus's studies of memory,what was the dependent variable?
A)length of delay between learning and relearning
B)length of time it took to relearn a list
C)length of the list being learned
D)amount of practice done before being tested
Answer: B
Q2) The view that all the ideas we have are the result of experience is called:
A)associationism.
B)dualism.
C)empiricism.
D)nativism.
Answer: C
Q3) Which idea suggests that humans function by blindly producing preprogrammed learned responses to environmental stimuli?
A)information theory
B)learning by insight
C)neo-behaviorism
D)radical behaviorism
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72908
Sample Questions
Q1) When synaptic transmission becomes less effective as a result of recent activity,it is known as:
A)long-term potentiation.
B)inhibition.
C)retrograde potentiation.
D)long-term depression.
Answer: D
Q2) What technique can be used to determine whether a single neuron responds better to a red light or to a green light?
A)positron emission tomography (PET)
B)functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
C)electroencephalography (EEG)
D)single-cell recording
Answer: D
Q3) Give an example of a reflex that humans have.
Answer: Grading criteria: There are numerous possible examples,including eyeblink,knee-jerk,newborns' sucking,diving reflex,palmar grasp reflex,among others.Answer must not be a learned response,e.g. ,salivating when driving past one's favorite restaurant,which is learned,not reflexive.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:
Learning About Repeated Events
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72909
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe one study in which cortical changes were observed following mere exposure to stimuli.
Answer: Grading criteria: Studies include fMRI and MEG changes measured during 2-point threshold changes.
Q2) It is believed that the mechanisms of habituation documented in aplysia occur in other species because:
A)scientists have been able to trace the entire neuronal circuit of habituation in the mammalian brain.
B)most mammals have the same number of neurons as do aplysia.
C)repeated stimulation of sensory neurons in other species causes a reduction in neurotransmitter release.
D)All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Q3) An infant turning her head to look at a novel pattern is an example of:
A)an orienting response.
B)latent learning.
C)habituation.
D)Sensitization.
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict
Important Events
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72910
Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose we classically condition a rat by pairing a tone with shock.According to the Rescorla-Wagner model,if the learning rate (\(\beta\))is 0.1,as the number of trials increases,the prediction error<sub> </sub>will:
A)stay the same.
B)increase.
C)decrease.
D)increase and then decrease.
Q2) What is the role of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex? Discuss the evidence that suggests this.
Q3) Imagine we classically condition a dog by pairing a tone with food.If the learning rate(\(\beta\))is 0.4,calculate the values of W<sub>TONE</sub>,the Expected US,the Actual US,the Prediction error,and \(\Delta\)W<sub>TONE</sub> for the first three trials.
Q4) The conditioned stimulus elicits the:
A)conditioned stimulus.
B)conditioned response.
C)unconditioned stimulus.
D)unconditioned response.
Q5) What is a conditioned compensatory response? Explain what purpose it serves.
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Chapter 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72911
Sample Questions
Q1) A teacher has a child in his class who never wants to stay seated,and instead tries to roam around the room during class.What are two alternatives to physical punishment that the teacher can use to reduce the child's roaming behavior?
Q2) Give one example of negative reinforcement,and explain why it is negative reinforcement.Make clear what behavior is being reinforced in your example.
Q3) Extinction mimicry occurs when:
A)rats are no longer able to make the motor responses necessary to press a bar.
B)rats who are no longer reinforced for bar pressing continue to press the bar.
C)the VTA is electrically stimulated.
D)rats are given drugs that block dopamine transmission.
Q4) Interfering with dopamine seems to:
A)impair motor responses but have no effect on enjoyment of a reinforcer.
B)reduce enjoyment of a reinforcer but have no effect on motor responses.
C)reduce motivation to perform a behavior but have no effect on enjoyment of a reinforcer.
D)reduce enjoyment of a reinforcer but have no effect on motivation to perform a behavior.
Q5) Explain how operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning.
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Chapter 6: Generalization and Discrimination Learning
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72912
Sample Questions
Q1) Jasmine quickly learned that she needed to use different techniques to calm her second child than those that had worked with her first child.This is an example of:
A)generalization.
B)discrimination.
C)sensory preconditioning.
D)negative patterning.
Q2) Discuss the evidence demonstrating cortical plasticity in A1.Explain what the results imply about the relationship between the stimulus and the consequences.
Q3) Martha studied hard for her math test,and found that she learned some study habits that helped her study for her physics test.This is an example of: A)generalization.
B)discrimination.
C)sensory preconditioning.
D)negative patterning.
Q4) Suppose a dog is trained to salivate in response to a bell that lasts for three seconds.Draw a generalization gradient that the dog might experience in responses to bells of other durations.
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8
Chapter 7: Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for
Facts and Events
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72913
Sample Questions
Q1) One difference between episodic and semantic memory is that episodic memory ______,while semantic memory _______.
A)is part of declarative memory;is part of nondeclarative memory
B)does not have autobiographical content;has autobiographical content
C)is acquired in a single exposure;usually requires several exposures
D)is part of explicit memory;is part of implicit memory
Q2) Which theory states that the medial temporal lobe structures are needed initially for encoding and retrieval,but their role diminishes over time?
A)multiple memory trace theory
B)standard consolidation theory
C)depth-of-processing theory
D)Korsakoff's theory
Q3) Which brain area is involved in forming new episodic and semantic memories?
A)hippocampus
B)frontal cortex
C)diencephalon
D)basal forebrain
Q4) What is functional amnesia? Describe two specific types.
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Q5) Describe how episodic memory was demonstrated in either gorillas or scrub jays,.
Chapter 8: Skill Memory: Learning by Doing
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96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72914
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding the power law of learning?
A)It cannot be overcome.
B)It is different for cognitive skills than for perceptual-motor skills.
C)It is different for different species.
D)It is the same for most skills.
Q2) Which of the following disorders is an inherited disease?
A)transcranial deficit
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Huntington's disease
D)apraxia
Q3) Learning a skill without being aware that you've learned it is known as _______ learning.
A)massed
B)implicit
C)open
D)variable
Q4) Explain the difference between open skills and closed skills.Give an example of each type of skill,explaining why it would be considered open or closed.
Q5) What is the difference between having talent and being an expert?
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Chapter 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72915
Sample Questions
Q1) If you want to use your working memory most effectively,you should:
A)try to multitask as much as possible.
B)keep your stress levels relatively high.
C)focus on one task at a time.
D)try to use just your verbal memory store.
Q2) If you want to retain a list of letters in your short-term memory,you should:
A)make sure there are no more than twp or three letters on the list.
B)interrupt your rehearsal frequently.
C)try to group them so they form words.
D)use the partial-report technique.
Q3) Provide an example of an automatic process and an attentional process.
Q4) How many independent short-term memory buffers are included in Baddeley's working memory model?
A)2
B)3
C)5
D)10
Q5) Describe the working-memory impairments experienced by a person with schizophrenia.Which brain areas appear to be involved?
Page 11
Q6) Describe what limits your ability to hold information in your short-term memory.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72916
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a conditioned emotional response?
A)A girl's heart rate increases upon entering the theater where she had previously seen a horror movie.
B)A boy is startled by a sudden loud noise outside his window on a stormy night.
C)A woman screams when she nearly steps on a snake during a mountain hike.
D)A child smiles on hearing a funny joke.
Q2) A rat that is placed in a pool of water can learn to locate and climb onto a submerged platform in order to get out of the water.This is an example of:
A)conditioned escape.
B)learned helplessness.
C)conditioned avoidance.
D)perseveration.
Q3) Depressed people are more likely to recall unpleasant memories than pleasant memories.This is an example of:
A)mood congruency of memory.
B)learned helplessness.
C)avoidance learning.
D)flashbulb memory.
Q4) What is one reason flashbulb memories can contain inaccuracies?
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Chapter 11: Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting,
and Reenacting
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72917
Sample Questions
Q1) Watching the TV show Teletubbies is MOST likely to lead to imitation by child viewers if the:
A)environment in which the Teletubbies live is simple and colorful.
B)Teletubbies occasionally behave aggressively rather than cooperatively.
C)Teletubbies speak using a normal adult voice.
D)children perceive the Teletubbies as being similar to themselves.
Q2) In Bandura's Bobo doll study,Bandura believed that the children were learning the aggressive acts:
A)after being rewarded for their behavior.
B)when they were imitating the model.
C)while they were observing the model.
D)right before they observed the model.
Q3) Which of the following is true?
A)No mammals other than humans can imitate vocalizations as well as birds can.
B)There are a lot of mammals that are good at imitating vocalizations.
C)Humans do not begin to imitate vocalizations until they are about 8 months old.
D)Animals that do not naturally imitate vocalizations can learn the skill.
Q4) What needs to happen in the brain for imitation to occur? How do mirror neurons achieve this?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Development and Aging: Learning and Memory
Across the Lifespan
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/72918
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in learning and memory?
A)They are almost entirely due to gender stereotypes.
B)Adult rats show the same kinds of differences as adult humans do.
C)Infant rats show the same kinds of differences as adult humans do.
D)Differences emerge much later than the time when sex hormones begin increasing.
Q2) Which of the following appears to develop the earliest?
A)semantic memory
B)episodic memory
C)working memory
D)conditioning
Q3) Which gene appears to govern how action potentials propagate down the axon,determining whether the message gets passed on to the next neuron?
A)BDNF
B)SNC1A
C)WWC1
D)5-HT2AR
Q4) What is one thing a fetus can learn? Describe the research that demonstrates this.
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