Human Growth and Development
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of individuals from conception through late adulthood. Students examine key developmental theories and stages, paying special attention to the impact of genetics, environment, culture, and experience on human growth. Topics include prenatal development, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging, as well as issues such as identity formation, learning, personality, social relationships, and life transitions. The course integrates current research and practical applications, providing a foundation for understanding developmental processes across the lifespan.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 9th Edition by Carol K. Sigelman
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17 Chapters
2038 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is using a longitudinal research design?
A)George,who is assessing eating habits of 40-year-olds in three different countries
B)Jane,who is assessing the eating habits in a group of 40-year-olds,and who will follow and assess this same group when they get to ages 60 and 80
C)Elroy,who is simultaneously testing the eating habits of 40-,60-,and 80-year-olds
D)Judy,who is assessing the eating habits of 40-year-olds in the year 2014,and plans to assess 60-year-olds' eating habits in 2019 and 80-year-olds' habits in 2024
Answer: B
Q2) Jennifer manages a research program that is looking at whether regular use of word game apps can help limit memory declines among the elderly.What is the goal of Jennifer's research?
A)description
B)prediction
C)explanation
D)optimization
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Watson and Raynor's experiment is important because it demonstrated that A)infants are unable to learn.
B)humans cannot be classically conditioned.
C)fear can be learned.
D)operant conditioning is more important than classical conditioning.
Answer: C
Q2) Joy comes home from work exhausted and is surprised to find that her daughter,Michelle,has set the table and started dinner.Joy is thrilled.She praises Michelle and spends an extra half-hour reading with her before bed (something that Michelle likes).The same thing happens the next day,and soon this has become a daily event.This is an example of
A)classical conditioning.
B)observational learning.
C)operant conditioning.
D)modeling.
Answer: C
Q3) Erikson suggested that humans develop over a series of psychosexual stages.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Genes,Environment,and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to twins,monozygotic is to dizygotic as A)common is to uncommon.
B)one egg is to two eggs.
C)recessive is to dominant.
D)fraternal is to identical.
Answer: B
Q2) Which statement concerning the genetic code is FALSE?
A)Zygotes consist of many genes.
B)Genes consist of many DNA strands.
C)DNA strands consist of many zygotes.
D)Chromosomes consist of many genes.
Answer: C
Q3) What is one of the main areas of focus for molecular genetics?
A)meiosis
B)epigenesis
C)concordance
D)mutation
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fetal programming researcher would look at how a low SES environment might influence the genetic profile of a human before birth.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Baker was born 34 weeks after conception and weighed eight pounds at birth.If born in the United States,Baker would best be classified as
A)both low birth weight and premature.
B)low birth weight,but not premature.
C)premature,but not low birth weight.
D)neither low birth weight nor premature.
Q3) Rihanna has just given birth to a baby girl and notices that the child has a small head,widely spaced eyes,and a flattened nose.What are the doctors most likely to suspect?
A)Rihanna consumed considerable quantities of alcohol during the pregnancy.
B)Rihanna had rubella during the second month of her pregnancy.
C)Rihanna had syphilis and did not seek treatment for it.
D)Rihanna did not eat properly throughout the pregnancy.
Q4) Describe the three-stage process of childbirth.Be sure to discuss the C-sections and other interventions.
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Chapter 5: Body, Brain, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The greater ability of adults to integrate thoughts and emotions may be attributable to
A)increased production of androgens
B)progressive myelination
C)decreased production of growth hormone
D)alterations in brain stem structures
Q2) Which reflex evolves into the startle reflex?
A)Moro
B)Babinski
C)rooting
D)grasping
Q3) Which is the best example of cephalocaudal development?
A)Infant gains control over the arms before the hands.
B)Infant can sit up before it can walk.
C)Infant can roll over before it can grasp a small object.
D)Infant can hear before it can see.
Q4) Describe how free radicals are created and the effect they can have on the body.Describe a method to combat free radicals and how it works.
Q5) Discuss the three principles of growth,providing examples of each.
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term best describes rhythmic stereotypies?
A)regression
B)preparation
C)practice
D)accommodation
Q2) Which of the following best describes the "sleeper effect of early visual deficits?"
A)If an infant does not experience normal visual experience,even after corrective surgery,it may never develop a normal perception of vision
B)Naps are critical to the development of the depth receptors found on the retina
C)The brain is so plastic,that even with complete absence of visual stimulation for up to a year,human infants will not show any detrimental effects
D)Children tend to inherit visual problems that show up suddenly around age six
Q3) What type of food would be most likely to produce "chemosensory irritation?"
A)A cold scoop of ice cream
B)A hamburger hot off the grill
C)A pickled pig's foot
D)A spicy hot jalapeño pepper
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Chapter 7: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) How would Piaget describe the role of adults in the cognitive development of young children?
A)integrated but ineffectual
B)separate but integral
C)separate and ineffectual
D)integrated and influential
Q2) According to Fischer,_____ change and develop.
A)cognitions
B)thought processes
C)representations
D)skills
Q3) The type of thinking that most adults use to solve complex problems best reflects the perspective of which theorist?
A)Vygotsky
B)Mareschal
C)Piaget
D)Fischer
Q4) Vygotsky saw private speech in toddlers as a sign of cognitive maturity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ben is trying to explain why his four-year-old son,Henry,cannot recall what happened at a concert they attended two years ago.Ben says,"Henry kind of recalls being at some event with a lot of people and singing,but he has no recollection for any details of the concert." Ben's description best matches the _____ theory of childhood amnesia.
A)fuzzy-trace
B)working memory capacity
C)surfactant
D)constraint-seeking
Q2) Explain how personal,subjective factors influence a person's memory.Give examples to support your thinking.
Q3) Childhood amnesia is defined as the inability to access _____ memories.
A)all traumatic
B)insignificant
C)autobiographical
D)meta-
Q4) Describe three reasons why autobiographical memories from the earliest years of our lives cannot be retrieved.
Q5) What factors contribute to declines in cognitive abilities in old age?
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do scores on infant developmental scales appear to be such poor predictors of later IQs?
A)They do not account for the negative environmental impacts.
B)They are actually very good predictors of adult intelligence.
C)They are over-reliant on verbal skills.
D)They may tap qualitatively different abilities.
Q2) Scarr and Weinberg's research on social class and IQ showed that
A)children from disadvantaged homes could raise their IQs if adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents.
B)children from disadvantaged homes continue to show significant deficits in IQ even after being adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents.
C)children from poor economic conditions do not differ significantly in IQ from children from average or above average economic conditions.
D)improving the economic conditions of the home has no significant impact on children's IQs because IQ is so strongly affected by genes.
Q3) What is the psychometric approach to intelligence,and how do the Spearman and Cattell & Horn models reflect this approach?
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Language and Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following could be considered the most flexible and sophisticated in older adults' use of language?
A)semantics
B)prosody
C)expansion
D)pragmatics
Q2) Unskilled readers tend to _____ more than skilled readers.
A)rely on phonological cues
B)make sure their eyes "hit" all words
C)use context to help identify words
D)connect letters and sounds
Q3) Who goes to school every day guided by mastery goals?
A)Jonah,a second grader
B)Lexie,a fourth grader
C)Miguel,a seventh grader
D)Priya,a ninth grader
Q4) Given what you have learned about motivation and education,what strategies would you suggest to increase the program completion rate in adult literacy programs?
Provide examples to support your ideas.
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Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three-month-old Dontrell is eating strained peas for the very first time.Despite the fact that this is a new experience,he appears quite happy with his meal.With regard to temperament,Dontrell is best classified as A)easy.
B)extraverted.
C)surgent.
D)resistant.
Q2) The _____ identity status would best be described as "no conflict,no crisis,and no clue."
A)foreclosure
B)moratorium
C)identity achievement
D)diffusion
Q3) In what ways might one's culture and ethnic identity impact self-concept?
Q4) How does infant temperament relate to personality in adults? Provide an example for each type of temperament.
Q5) A person in foreclosure status is facing no crisis and exhibits no commitment. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,gender roles
A)are more differentiated during adolescence than they are among newlyweds.
B)become more traditional and differentiated in a married couple following the birth of a child.
C)tend to remain constant across the adult years.
D)are more pronounced for couples when both partners are working.
Q2) A group of freshmen football players are talking about how great their sex lives will likely be once they get on the varsity team.They're also talking about getting a vaccine someone heard about that can protect them from an STI.What do they hope to avoid by getting the vaccine?
A)chlamydia
B)herpes
C)gonorrhea
D)genital warts
Q3) Which statement concerning gender roles in adulthood is FALSE?
A)In families where both parents work,the division of housework is 50-50.
B)Men and women tend to develop more similar gender roles after their children have "left the nest."
C)Marriage often leads to the development of more distinct gender roles.
D)Gender role differences between men and women tend to decrease in older age.
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Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ira has just stolen a purse from a woman on the subway.He then says to himself,"If that woman really wanted her purse,she would have held it closer to her body." This statement provides a good example of A)morality of justice.
B)moral disengagement.
C)autonomous morality.
D)power assertion.
Q2) Sanjay refuses to pay income tax because he believes that the government uses tax revenue to support war efforts,and he doesn't believe that violence is an acceptable way to solve problems.He is willing to go to jail for his belief.Sanjay is best classified as being in Kohlberg's _____ level of moral development.
A)premoral
B)preconventional
C)conventional
D)postconventional
Q3) Describe desire psychology and belief-desire psychology.Provide an example of each to explain your thinking.
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15
Chapter 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assuming that these children are all developing normally,who would be most likely to have just begun to display self-conscious emotions?
A)Bob,who is 2 months old
B)Antonio,who is 18 months old
C)Celia,who is 24 months old
D)Rania,who is 4 years old
Q2) As an individual who subscribes to socioemotional selectivity theory,Darlene is most likely to believe that
A)social networks in adulthood serve no useful purpose.
B)older adults seek interactions that are emotionally meaningful.
C)older adults experience significantly more negative emotions than young adults.
D)having fewer friends in older adulthood is a sign of potential psychosis.
Q3) If a boy has high perceived popularity in eighth grade,then his classmates believe that he ________.
A)has high grades
B)has status
C)is attractive
D)is relatable
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16
Chapter 15: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) The neglectful parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control.
A)high;high
B)high;low
C)low;low
D)low;high
Q2) Which statement is the best example of a macroenvironmental contributor to child abuse?
A)Many abusers are former abuse victims.
B)Abuse is higher in transient and poor neighborhoods.
C)Children are at higher risk for abuse than adults.
D)Abuse is higher in societies that condone physical punishment.
Q3) The "spillover effect" occurs when
A)a person's sexual orientation impacts his or her job status.
B)an adult child has to care for an elderly parent or grandparent.
C)work life affects home life and vice versa.
D)two divorced families remarry to form one large family.
Q4) What is the best approach for parents to deal with their adolescent's push for autonomy? Explain the overall goal of the parents and give some examples to support your ideas.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a key neural factor in ADHD?
A)synaptic pruning
B)impulse control
C)sensory adaptation
D)serotonin uptake
Q2) Why does adolescence appear to be a prime time for the development of eating disorders in females?
A)It is the first time that girls receive media images promoting thinness.
B)The formal operational stage of thinking is required to develop the obsessive behaviors.
C)The gene that controls eating does not "turn-on" until adolescence.
D)The normal weight gain in puberty is viewed as problematic.
Q3) Delirium is an often reversible condition involving a disturbance of consciousness. A)True
B)False
Q4) Hitting is a good example of an internalizing problem.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Q1) Despite the fact that her son died 10 years ago,Helena has such an intense yearning to have him back alive that she is unable to keep a job.This description indicates that Helena is best classified as experiencing _____ grief.
A)complicated
B)disenfranchised
C)palliative
D)anticipatory
Q2) With regard to Kübler-Ross's theory,subsequent research on death and dying has A)provided substantial support for her theory.
B)found that anger is not a typical reaction to death.
C)found that the dying process does not progress sequentially.
D)found that her theory holds in the United States,but not in other cultures.
Q3) Some doctors will prescribe painkillers or sleeping pills for terminally ill patients,knowing that the patient may very well deliberately take a lethal overdose.This is an example of
A)active euthanasia
B)passive euthanasia
C)fratricide
D)assisted suicide
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Page 19