Human Growth and Development
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Human Growth and Development is an introductory course that explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the lifespan, from conception to late adulthood. Students will examine influential developmental theories, including those by Piaget, Erikson, and Vygotsky, to better understand how biological, psychological, and environmental factors interact to shape individual development. The course covers major developmental milestones, challenges, and transitions at each stage of life, while also addressing the impact of culture, family, and societal influences. Emphasis is placed on practical applications for education, healthcare, and counseling, equipping students with foundational knowledge for careers that involve working with individuals at various life stages.
Recommended Textbook
Development Across the Life Span 8th Edition by Robert S. Feldman
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19 Chapters
2401 Verified Questions
2401 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Lifespan Development
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216 Verified Questions
216 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers in the early learning department of a university are conducting a long-term study to see how problem-solving skills change over time as school-age students move from elementary school to high school to college.What type of development are the researchers most likely studying?
A)cognitive
B)personality
C)social
D)physical
Answer: A
Q2) In a ______,organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments,but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.
A)sensitive period
B)continuous change
C)critical period
D)discontinuous change
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Start of Life: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is the unique interaction of inherited and environmental factors that determines people's patterns of development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The female reproductive cell is called the A)gamete.
B)sperm.
C)zygote.
D)ovum.
Answer: D
Q3) In the embryonic stage,the brain begins to undergo rapid development,which causes the head to represent about ____ of the total length of the embryo.
A)25%
B)10%
C)50%
D)75%
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Infant
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each year in the United States,______ infants suffer from disorders that could have been detected at birth with appropriate screening.
A)500
B)1,500
C)2,000
D)1,000
Answer: D
Q2) A birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus,rather than traveling through the birth canal,is called
A)stillborn.
B)fetal distress.
C)Cesarean delivery.
D)postmature.
Answer: C
Q3) The number of episiotomies has increased drastically in the last decade.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Babies are typically able to walk by supporting themselves at around ______ months of age.
A)6
B)12
C)9
D)11
Q2) As we age,the proportion of REM sleep _________ as the proportion of non-REM sleep ________.
A)decreases;declines
B)decreases;stays the same
C)increases;declines
D)increases;stays the same
Q3) What else does the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest to prevent SIDS?
A)autostimulation
B)use of a monitor
C)frequent naps
D)giving the baby a pacifier during naps and bedtime
Q4) If you "sleep like a baby," you sleep one long stretch with no interruptions.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Nicholas watches as his mother leaves the room,but he does not cry because he understands that his mother still exists even though he cannot see her.This is an example of which reaction concept?
A)Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions
B)Substage 1: Simple reflexes
C)Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions
D)Substage 4: Object permanence
Q2) Developmental psychologist Nancy Bayley developed the Bayley Scales of Infant Development to measure
A)four domains: motor skills,language use,adaptive behavior,and personal- social.
B)two domains: language skills and adaptive behavior.
C)visual-recognition and memory.
D)two areas: mental (senses,perception,memory,learning,problem solving,and language),and motor abilities.
Q3) There are no disputes or disagreements with Piaget's theories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly explain the differences in infant-directed speech in various cultures.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Expressions of emotion called nonverbal ___________ are fairly consistent among people of all ages.
A)emergence
B)discrimination
C)encoding
D)communication
Q2) Which of the following is considered a benefit of child care?
A)peer learning
B)less parental responsibility
C)increased disruptiveness
D)greater dependence
Q3) Which attachment pattern describes a style of attachment in which children display a combination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers? They show great distress when the mother leaves,but upon her return they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit and kick her.
A)ambivalent attachment pattern
B)avoidant attachment pattern
C)secure attachment pattern
D)disorganized-disoriented attachment pattern
Q4) Describe the stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in the
Preschool Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a 4 ½-year-old child is asked to draw a person who is first standing upright and then has fallen down,the child is likely to draw the figure in the vertical position,and then the figure lying in the horizontal position with no other pictures in-between to demonstrate the person falling.This child would be demonstrating a lack of A)egocentric thought.
B)intuitive thought.
C)conservation.
D)transformation.
Q2) What was Piaget's explanation as to why preschool-age children in the preoperational stage make errors on tasks requiring conservation?
A)Preschool-age children's neural-visual network is not fully matured.
B)Preschool-age children have not lived long enough and accrued enough experience to know the difference between quantities.
C)Preschool-age children's tendency toward centration prevents them from focusing on other relevant features of a situation.
D)Preschool-age children have not yet developed numerical understanding;therefore,different amounts are meaningless.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in the
Preschool Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Billy is a 5-year-old child who does not have a regular bedtime,is permitted to neglect personal hygiene such as brushing his teeth,and doesn't usually participate in any simple chores,such as picking up his toys in his room.It would appear that Billy parents' style of parenting is A)permissive.
B)authoritarian.
C)involved.
D)authoritative.
Q2) Children with autism find it particularly difficult to relate to others,in part,because they find it difficult to A)listen to others.
B)pay attention.
C)understand what others are thinking.
D)use visualization.
Q3) Functional play involves doing something for the aim of creating some end product. A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly give some reasons why parents physically abuse children.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Larry was daydreaming the day that his first grade teacher reviewed the math lesson that 5 + 5 = 10.Later,Larry was not able to recall this information,probably because
A)he never heard it.
B)he never encoded it.
C)he never rehearsed it.
D)he never visualized it.
Q2) According to Wechsler,what is the term for the capacity to understand the world,think with rationality,and use resources effectively when faced with challenges?
A)education
B)assertiveness
C)achievement
D)intelligence
Q3) Obesity in children ages 6-12 has dropped dramatically over the past four decades.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Provide some criticisms of Piaget's perspective of learning.
Q5) Briefly explain some of the educational trends of the 21<sup>st</sup> century.
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following psychologists developed the three stages of moral development for women?
A)Lawrence Kohlberg
B)B.F.Skinner
C)Carol Gilligan
D)Sigmund Freud
Q2) Generally,overall self-esteem is high during middle childhood but begins to decline around the age of ___ due to _____.
A)15;puberty.
B)16;sexual activity.
C)12;school transition.
D)11;self-concept.
Q3) What is the approximate percentage of children in the U.S.who spend their entire childhood living in the same household with both parents?
A)33%
B)50%
C)40%
D)25%
Q4) Briefly describe criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fifteen-year-old Lawrence thought he had prepared for his final exams;however,when he got his scores he was disappointed.Rather than reviewing the areas of the test where he did not fare so well,Lawrence confronted his teacher with a verbal lashing and accused the teacher of being "out to get" him.Lawrence's behavior could be considered an example of
A)self-centeredness.
B)a psychological disorder.
C)adolescent egocentrism.
D)formal operational thought disorder.
Q2) According to research,which one of the following is a factor with regard to the age of menarche in girls?
A)racial or ethnic background
B)environmental stress and high levels of family conflict
C)eating food that contains animal products
D)age at which her mother's menarche began
Q3) Boys' and girls' sexual maturation follows the same time course of development.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly describe some criticisms of Piaget's approach to cognitive development.
Page 13
Q5) Briefly describe aspects of adolescent drinking.
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Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) A set of standards against which adolescents can judge their abilities and social success is called
A)peer review.
B)cohort effect.
C)social reference.
D)norms.
Q2) If a person is attracted to another person of the same sex,this is A)heterosexuality.
B)bisexuality.
C)asexuality.
D)homosexuality.
Q3) Adrienne is a 16-year-old girl who is searching for her identity.Which of the following would be an example of the search for her self-concept?
A)She would describe herself using only a list of traits.
B)She would have a broader view of herself,and be able to see various aspects of herself simultaneously.
C)She would look at herself from a purely physical perspective.
D)She would be able to consider only her views.
Q4) Briefly describe some reasons for racial "self-segregation" in adolescence.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Schaie,what is the mission of childhood and adolescence?
A)responsibility
B)acquisition
C)achievement
D)reintegration
Q2) Some obesity experts believe that people should avoid dieting altogether.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence,which type of intellectual assessment measure would be useful when trying to predict adult success?
A)contextual intelligence
B)experiential intelligence
C)practical intelligence
D)componential intelligence
Q4) Which of the following developed countries has the highest murder rate?
A)Israel
B)Scotland
C)United States
D)Japan
Page 15
Q5) Briefly explain Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Love is the primary consideration when choosing a mate in all countries across the world.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Only 50% of the marriages in the United States remain intact;however,this represents a decline from a peak in divorce in the mid-1970s.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Maintaining close relationships is an important preoccupation for most young adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is an explanation for cross-cultural similarities and gender differences?
A)evolutionary factors
B)personality factors
C)social factors
D)familial factors
Page 16
Q5) Briefly explain some criticism of Ginzberg's career choice theory.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using memory skills such as getting better organized,paying attention,using visualization strategies,and rehearsing information for later retrieval,are all considered
A)long-term memory strategies.
B)short-term memory strategies.
C)schema strategies.
D)mnemonic strategies.
Q2) A possible reason for the higher incidence of illnesses in women may be that a greater amount of research money is focused on diseases suffered by men.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following groups is particularly susceptible to glaucoma?
A)Asian Americans
B)Latino Americans
C)African Americans
D)Hispanic Americans
Q4) Men do experience the equivalent of menopause.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
Q5) Briefly explain the pros and cons of hormone therapy (HT).
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Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the chart of phases of marital satisfaction in the text,at which point in the marriage is the level of satisfaction at its peak?
A)at the beginning of the marriage
B)when the children are preschool age
C)when the children are grown to young adults
D)when the couple is retired
Q2) Which two developmental psychologists believed that a person's personality is quite stable and continuous throughout one's lifetime?
A)Gould and Levinson
B)Erikson and Levinson
C)Costa and McCrae
D)Vaillant and Helson
Q3) According to one analysis,every time the unemployment rate goes up 1%,there is a ____% rise in suicides.
Q4) Briefly explain why "midlife crisis" is a myth.
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) On average,senior citizens spend almost ____% of their total expenditures on healthcare,which is more than twice the amount spent by younger individuals.
A)25
B)13
C)30
D)10
Q2) Which of the following is a term for prejudice and discrimination directed at older people?
A)oldest old
B)young old
C)old old
D)ageism
Q3) Old people usually take longer to learn something new.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hearing aids can be helpful in compensating for hearing loss in 100% of the elderly.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to parents' responses in a research study,what is the most important way that children should behave toward their elderly parents?
A)discuss matters of importance
B)provide financial help
C)living close to the parent
D)make room in their home in an emergency
Q2) According to parents' responses in a research study,what is the least important way that children should behave toward their elderly parents?
A)living close to the parent
B)writing once a week
C)believing a parent should live with a child
D)visiting once a week
Q3) Helplessness brought about by institutionalism does not have serious consequences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Everyone passes through all five stages of retirement.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children younger than age 5 may think that death is a temporary reduction in living,such as sleeping.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Kübler-Ross,what is the final step of the five-step process of dying?
A)denial
B)depression
C)acceptance
D)bargaining
Q3) In middle adulthood,the leading cause of death is A)accident.
B)suicide.
C)homicide.
D)life-threatening disease.
Q4) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)usually occurs in babies in an age range
A)from 1 to 6 months.
B)from 2 to 4 months.
C)from birth to 3 months.
D)from 1 to 12 months.
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