Human Growth and Development Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Human Growth and Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from conception to old age. The course examines major theories and research findings in developmental psychology, highlighting the complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and cultural factors that shape individual growth. Students gain an understanding of developmental milestones, challenges, and transitions at each stage of life, and consider real-world applications in education, healthcare, and social services. Ethical considerations and diversity issues related to development are also discussed, providing a comprehensive foundation for further study or careers working with people of all ages.
Recommended Textbook
Children 12th Edition by John Santrock
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16 Chapters
1544 Verified Questions
1544 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term "ethnic _____" refers to the use of an ethnic label such as African American or Latino in a superficial way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogeneous than it really is.
A)homogenization
B)cover
C)gloss
D)standardization
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following examples best reflects the role of cognitive processes in development?
A)Developing assertiveness
B)Height and weight gains
C)Development of the brain
D)Memorizing a poem
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe any one chromosomal abnormality and gene-linked abnormality.
Answer: Students' answers may vary.
Down syndrome: An individual with Down syndrome has a round face,a flattened skull,an extra fold of skin over the eyelids,a protruding tongue,short limbs,and retardation of motor and mental abilities.The syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.African American children are rarely born with Down syndrome. Sickle-cell anemia: It occurs most often in African Americans.It is a genetic disorder that impairs the body's red blood cells.In sickle-cell anemia,a recessive gene causes the red blood cell to become a hook-shaped "sickle" that cannot carry oxygen properly and dies quickly.As a result,the body's cells do not receive adequate oxygen,causing anemia and early death.
Q2) _____ is defined as a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form gametes.
A)Fertilization
B)Meiosis
C)Gene imprinting
D)Mitosis
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Now that Chloe is pregnant,she will have to increase several nutrients over the recommended daily allowance (RDA)for nonpregnant women.Which of the following nutrients should have the largest percentage increase?
A)Vitamin A
B)Riboflavin
C)Iron
D)Calcium
Answer: C
Q2) Juan was born with defective vision and diminished auditory abilities.Most likely,Juan's problems came from defects in the formation of the: A)ectoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)trophoderm.
Answer: A
Q3) What are the risks a older father's advanced age poses to his unborn child?
Answer: An unborn child of an older father faces increased risk for Down syndrome and also other birth defects like dwarfism and Marfan syndrome,which involves head and limb deformities.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors is not emphasized by prepared childbirth methods?
A)Relaxation
B)Education
C)Medication
D)Support
Q2) Very preterm infants are those born:
A)between 33 and 36 weeks of gestation.
B)between 28 and 33 weeks of gestation.
C)between 25 and 28 weeks of gestation.
D)between 36 and 38 weeks of gestation.
Q3) Julie,who was scheduled to have her baby in the last week of November,has delivered her baby eight weeks before the scheduled due date in the last week of September.Doctors have reassured her that the baby stands a good chance of survival because it has gained weight well during the pregnancy and its heart and lung functions are responding well to medical help.Julie's baby is a(n)_____ baby.
A)very low birth weight
B)small for date
C)extremely preterm
D)very preterm infant
Q4) What are the long-term effects of low birth weight?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conclusions is true based on the research conducted on benefits of breast feeding for the child?
A)It prevents asthma in older children.
B)It reduces the risk of allergies in children.
C)It promotes cognitive development in children.
D)It reduces gastrointestinal infections in infants.
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding the REM sleep is true?
A)Infants often begin their sleep cycle with non-REM sleep rather than REM sleep.
B)In adults,REM sleep usually appears after non-REM sleep.
C)REM sleep begins the sleep cycle of infants after 3 months of age.
D)The amount of time taken up by the REM sleep is much lesser in infancy than at any other point in the entire life span.
Q3) The "dynamic systems theory" was proposed by _____.
A)Esther Thelen
B)Jean Piaget
C)Eleanor Gibson
D)Richard Walk
Q4) Explain the neuroconstructivist view of brain development.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In trying to understand the world,the child is constantly faced with inconsistencies and counterexamples to his or her existing schemes.This phenomenon is defined as
A)disequilibrium
B)deconstruction
C)reactance
D)disruption
Q2) How is Gesell's measurement of infant development used? Name the four categories of behavior in the current version of the Gesell test.
Q3) _____ is defined as the increase in responsiveness after a change in stimulation.
A)Dishabituation
B)Generalization
C)Inhibition
D)Introspection
Q4) What are Meltzoff's views on imitation in infants?
Q5) What is the relationship between language and phonology?
Q6) What is infantile amnesia? Explain any one causal factor of infantile amnesia.
Q7) Describe the nature-nurture controversy in relation to the cognitive development of infants?
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is reciprocal socialization?
Q2) How does the development of social referencing help infants?
Q3) The emotions that appear in the first six months of the human infant's development are known as the _____ emotions.
A)basic
B)primary
C)social
D)self-conscious
Q4) When the cry of a baby is following a rhythmic pattern consisting of a cry,followed by a briefer silence,then a shorter inspiratory whistle that is somewhat higher in pitch than the main cry,then another brief rest before the next cry,then it is called the _____ cry.
A)anger
B)colichy
C)pain
D)basic
Q5) List out the three basic types of temperament,described by Chess and Thomas in their classification.
Q6) What are the three different types of cries?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the pattern of physical growth in early childhood.
Q2) Nancy is an extremely athletic child and she excels in roller-skating,bicycling,and skipping.Nancy is likely to be in the age group of _____.
A)28-36 months
B)61-72 months
C)49-60 months
D)37-48 months
Q3) Which of the following effects does myelination have on the nervous system?
A)It increases the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system.
B)It increases blood-flow to the brain,spinal cord and surrounding areas.
C)It improves the quality of sleep in children.
D)It aids the functioning of connective tissues in the bodies of infants and young children.
Q4) What are the various ways through which parents can provide a context for artistic exploration to children?
Q5) Describe growth hormone deficiency along with its features and treatment options.
Q6) List some differences between night terrors and nightmares.
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms,introduces by Vygotsky,refers to the child's cognitive skills that are in the process of maturing and can be accomplished only with the assistance of a more-skilled person?
A)Zone of possible agreement
B)Range of cognitive evolution
C)Range of task alternatives
D)Zone of proximal development
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to an educational philosophy in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and specially designed curriculum materials?
A)Montessori approach
B)Child-centered kindergarten approach
C)Social construction approach
D)Proximal development approach
Q3) What is scaffolding?
Q4) The zone of proximal development (ZPD)is a measure of:
A)cognitive ability.
B)the range of tasks that can be learned with the assistance of adults.
C)interpersonal skills.
D)social-relationship-building skills and abilities.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents a cognitive influence on gender typing in early childhood?
A)Electra complex
B)Gender schema?C.Oedipus complex?D.Natural selection
Q2) Scenario: At preschool,Jonathan is fingerpainting.He forms the shapes of houses and flowers on his paper.Which type of play is Jonathan engaging in,in the given scenario and what is its purpose?
Q3) How does Diana Baumrind describe indulgent parenting?
Q4) What is child neglect?
Q5) Gender identity is defined as:
A)the expectations that prescribe how females or males should think,act,and feel.
B)the process of acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.
C)the sense of one's own gender,including knowledge,understanding,and acceptance of being male or female.
D)the genotypic and biological factors that cause differentiation on the basis of gender.
Q6) Describe the authoritarian parenting style.
Q7) Discuss emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe two speech disorders.
Q2) Which of the following is an advantage of aerobic exercise in children?
A)Improved audio-visual skills in children
B)Prevention of type 1 diabetes in the future
C)Improved relationship with the caregiver.
D)Increased goal-directed thinking and behavior
Q3) Advances in the prefrontal cortex are linked to which of the following in children?
A)Increase in the length of limbs
B)Increase in body mass
C)Improved attention
D)Improved muscle growth
Q4) List the four largest categories in which U.S.children with a disability receive special education services.
Q5) What role do parents play in preventing children from becoming overweight?
Q6) Which of the following indicates the presence of a vision problem in children?
A)If they are impulsive
B)If they squint frequently
C)If they stutter from an early age
D)If they show signs of aphasia
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fraction of the variance in a population that is attributed to genetics is called:
A)heritability.
B)heritage.
C)the genetic formula.
D)the genetic fraction.
Q2) A child,who concentrates on learning strategies when faced with a difficulty or a challenge,is a child with a:
A)helpless orientation.
B)mastery orientation.
C)neutral mindset.
D)high extrinsic motivation.
Q3) _____ is an important strategy that involves engaging in more extensive processing of information.
A)Diversification
B)Collaboration
C)Elaboration
D)Schematization
Q4) Describe the Wechsler scales.
Page 14
Q5) What is metamemory? How does it change with age?
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the jigsaw classroom strategy for improving relationships among ethnically diverse students.
Q2) How can rejected children be trained to interact more effectively with their peers?
A)By teaching the children to more accurately assess when the intentions of their peers are negative.
B)By developing the children's ability to interact appropriately with adults.
C)By formulating strategies for changing the social settings in which the children participate.
D)By developing self-preservation skills so these children will not be so hurt by neglect.
Q3) Which approach is criticized for not giving enough attention to the content of a discipline?
A)The constructivist approach
B)The teacher-centered approach
C)The direct instruction approach
D)The problem-solving approach
Q4) List and define Lawrence Kohlberg's three levels of moral development.
Q5) How does sharing develop in children?
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe sexually transmitted infections.
Q2) Dora's parents and Abby,her sister,have been noticing how Dora has started spending a long time in the bathroom immediately after meals.Dora's sister suspects Dora forces herself into vomiting the food she has just eaten but Dora's mother refuses to believe her daughter has an eating disorder.She proves Abby wrong by pointing to how Dora has always been a healthy eater and eats a good amount during meals.From the information provided in the scenario,we can infer that Dora is _____.
A)obese
B)bulimic
C)anorexic
D)phobic
Q3) Explain the role of melatonin in sleep regulation in older adolescents.
Q4) According to Arnett,which of the following characterizes individuals who are in the phase of emerging adulthood?
A)Exploration of one's identity in relation to love
B)Stability in the occupational sphere of one's life
C)Focus on raising a family and looking after aging parents
D)Identification of oneself as a fully functioning adult
Q5) What are the physical changes that occur in females during puberty?
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Paul feels extremely self-consciousness in public.He believes that everyone is watching him and that they all notice the pimple on the end of his nose.Paul's behavior is characteristic of:
A)convergent thinking.
B)imaginary audience phenomenon.
C)transitivity.
D)seriation.
Q2) Driving recklessly at high speeds is an example of _____ invulnerability.
A)psychological
B)natural
C)danger
D)induced
Q3) A direct approach that involves teaching students a basic moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior and harming themselves or others is called:
A)hidden curriculum.
B)character education.
C)service learning.
D)value clarification.
Q4) What is the role of parenting in the formation of religious beliefs?
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Hey,what can I say-my college major is undeclared.I just don't know what I want to do yet.I'm not going to pressure myself into making a decision when what I really want to do is have fun." What is the identity status of this college student according to James Marcia?
A)Identity achievement
B)Identity inquisition
C)Identity diffusion
D)Identity foreclosure
Q2) Harry Stack Sullivan believed that one's need for intimacy with peers shows a dramatic increase during:
A)early adolescence.
B)early childhood.
C)late adolescence.
D)late childhood.
Q3) _____ is a self-portrait composed of many pieces.
A)Self-esteem
B)Identity
C)Self-concept
D)Morality
Q4) List at least four causes of juvenile delinquency.
Page 18
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