Human Growth and Development Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Human Growth and Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from conception to late adulthood. The course examines major theories and research findings that explain how individuals develop and adapt at various stages of life. Students will analyze the influences of genetics, environment, culture, and socioeconomic factors on development, with particular attention to key milestones, transitions, and challenges faced during infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. The course provides foundational knowledge for those entering education, healthcare, psychology, or social work fields, emphasizing the practical application of developmental principles in diverse real-world contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development Lives in Context 1st Edition by Tara L. Kuther
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18 Chapters
2073 Verified Questions
2073 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When conducting research, scientists must balance ______ against the ______.
A) time; resources available
B) goals of the IRB; desired results from the research
C) the benefits; possible harm
D) rights of participants; rights of the researchers
Answer: C
Q2) The malleability or changeability of development is called ______.
A) plasticity
B) neuroscience
C) lateralization
D) specialization
Answer: A
Q3) _____ involve observing and recording behaviors that are displayed in a controlled environment.
A) Naturalistic observations
B) Structured observations
C) Clinical interviews
D) Questionnaires
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Biological and Environmental Foundations
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of sex chromosome abnormalities are fatal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) When an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait, the dominant gene is expressed and the person becomes _____ the recessive gene.
A) codominant for
B) an allele for
C) a carrier of
D) a producer of
Answer: C
Q3) As a human, you share ___ percent of your DNA with our closest genetic relative, the chimpanzee.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 68
D) 99
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Preterm babies tend to have more serious developmental problems than small-for-date babies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) At birth, vision is nearly adult-like.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) After a delivery, women in _________ achieve a higher social position and can then give advice to other women.
A) the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana
B) Japan
C) southern Italy
D) the Zinacanteco
Answer: A
Q4) The zygote shows reflex responses to touch.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain what motor ability the palmar grasp and rooting reflex are replaced by once an infant no longer demonstrates the reflexive movements.
Q2) Why is myelination an important neuronal process in brain development?
Q3) Infants expect vision, auditory, and tactile information to occur together.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which time period in a child's life is considered to be a very important time in terms of experience and neural development?
A) Before birth, during the initial time of the brain formation.
B) The first three years of life when connections are forming between neurons.
C) Once a child begins formal education, approximately at the age of 5.
D) Once a child begins puberty and the final growth in brain development begins.
Q5) What is the process of combining information from more than one sensory system?
Q6) Which growth pattern explains why an infant's head at birth is one third the size of its body?
A) Bidirectional
B) Cephalocaudal
C) Proximodistal
D) Continuous
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the information processing system, the first step in getting information into the mind is:
A) working memory.
B) sensory memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) short-term memory.
Q2) John is a child who visited his grandma's house when he was a toddler. He went on a typical summer weekend with his parents. Casey is a child who visited her grandma's house when she was a toddler. She got to pick out a puppy from a litter her grandma's dog had. Which of the children will remember the visit to grandma's house?
A) John, because the visit was to his grandma's house and he was with his parents.
B) Casey, because she was familiar and comfortable at her grandma's house and she was very excited to be getting a puppy so there was emotional engagement in the visit.
C) John, because the visit was to a familiar place.
D) John and Casey will be equally likely to remember the visit.
Q3) What type of babbling do infants use when they babble with well-formed syllables that sound like language?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adjustment difficulties are more likely when children do not develop a sense of individuality and confidence in their own abilities to meet new challenges.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Robert is an infant who is described as having a difficult temperament. His father is insensitive, coercive, and also difficult in temperament. What can we predict Robert's developmental outcome will be?
A) Robert will most likely have behavioral problems and adjustment difficulties that worsen with age, even into early adolescence.
B) Robert will become less extreme in his behavioral tendencies because babies with difficult temperaments become less extreme with age.
C) Babies with difficult temperaments tend to be unpredictable, so we cannot accurately predict what Robert will be like as he ages.
D) Robert will be more likely to get ill as he gets older because difficult temperaments wear down a person's immune system.
Q3) What is Erikson's second psychosocial stage of development?
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-cultural research on effective early childhood education indicates that in ______, a child-centered approach works especially well.
A) Japan
B) Egypt
C) the United States
D) China
Q2) When 3-year-old Aaron takes his sister's doll away, she begins to cry. After being scolded by his father, Aaron insists that he didn't do anything to make his sister cry. Aaron's inability to understand why his sister is upset is an example of _____.
A) egocentrism
B) animism
C) centration
D) metacognition
Q3) Follow-up research reveals that success on Piagetian tasks depends more heavily on the child's language abilities than on his or her actions.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which discipline technique is most likely to result in a child showing higher rates of emotional and social problems than other children?
A) Corporal punishment
B) Redirection
C) Inductive discipline
D) Reinforcement
Q2) Preschoolers who view high amounts of violence on television tend to show higher levels of aggression and poorer school achievement in adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who is most likely to be a perpetrator of child maltreatment?
A) Biological parents
B) Boyfriend or girlfriend of a child's parent
C) Babysitter
D) Relatives other than parents
Q4) Children from _____ cultures in which children's relationships with others are stressed, people live in extended families, and work is shared tend to promote prosocial values and behavior more than other types of cultures.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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100 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Currently schools tend to emphasize intelligence as defined by standardized IQ tests. A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the most commonly diagnosed disorder in children (about 10% of schoolchildren in the United States)?
Q3) How language is used in everyday contexts is known as:
Q4) Michelle has three children who all have been identified by their pediatrician as at risk for obesity. Based on the research on childhood obesity, which of the following suggestions do you think their pediatrician gave to Michelle?
A) He suggested that they watch certain television shows targeted at messages of health and nutrition.
B) He suggested that the children see a therapist to boost their self-esteem.
C) He suggested that the children play video games targeted at teaching about health.
D) He suggested that she should make sure that they have a home-cooked evening meal together each night.
Q5) What is the most common chronic illness in childhood?
Q6) Morality of cooperation is also known as:
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Authoritarian parenting skills will help to reduce the incidence of bullying behavior and peer victimization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is a fundamental characteristic of resilient children?
A) They are successful in regulating their emotions and behavior.
B) They are good in school.
C) They have a stable home.
D) They have a close-knit peer group.
Q3) Jeannie thinks that she is a good friend. She explains that she is popular because she helps other people and smiles at people. She understands that when she is in a bad mood she is more likely to be rude, but she apologizes afterward. Jeannie's description is describing:
A) social comparison.
B) self-complexity.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-concept.
Q4) Divorce rates in the United States are (increasing/decreasing).
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Q5) What is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem in school-age children?
Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is thought to delay the onset of puberty?
A) Low socioeconomic status
B) Being raised by a single mother
C) Exposure to small doses of stress
D) Exposure to severe stress
Q2) Which parenting style is the most supportive of a child's academic performance and motivation?
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved
Q3) When adolescents misdirect their own preoccupation about themselves on to others and assume that they are the focus of others' attention, they are engaging in:
A) social referencing.
B) metacognition.
C) personal fable.
D) imaginary audience.
Q4) What is the name of the protein found in fat that is linked to the onset of puberty?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kamilla and Andrea are both first-time mothers. Kamilla is 17 and Andrea is 28. Which of the following statements about Kamilla and Andrea is true?
A) Both mothers are likely to have low educational attainment.
B) Kamilla is more likely than Andrea to have unrealistic expectations for her baby.
C) Andrea is more likely than Kamilla to perceive her baby as difficult.
D) Kamilla is more likely than Andrea to be supportive during play.
Q2) Nineteen-year-old Ethan is gay. If Ethan is like most youths who identify as gay, lesbian, and bisexual, he likely began feeling different from his heterosexual peers in
A) infancy
B) childhood
C) early adolescence
D) high school
Q3) Since 1990, rates of adolescent pregnancy have:
A) remained stable.
B) increased sharply.
C) decreased.
D) gradually increased.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement illustrates pragmatic thought?
A) Annie works at a job where she is an assistant to a clothing designer. She is told what to do and is not allowed to make any decisions on her own. At home, she has freedom to come and go and makes all the decisions.
B) Adrian is really good at coming up with several ways to solve a problem, so his coworkers like to have him on their team.
C) Jennifer gets very frustrated in class when the professor asks her what she thinks about an issue. She just wants to be told what idea is correct.
D) Hannah's friend asks her if she should break up with her boyfriend. Hannah tells her that she can't answer that because it all depends on how her friend looks at the situation.
Q2) The typical job of a person with only a high school degree spends their first working years in jobs that have all of the following characteristics except:
A) unskilled.
B) low pay.
C) great flexibility.
D) little security.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Never-married mothers often show better mental health, such as lower rates of anxiety and depression, than do married mothers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The practice of unmarried couples sharing a home is called:
Q3) Based on the percentage of individuals aged 18 to 27 displaying markers of adulthood, at which age are individuals least likely to be living with family?
A) 21 years of age.
B) 18 years of age.
C) 24 years of age.
D) 27 years of age.
Q4) Over the first year of marriage, most couples report a drop in satisfaction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following does not increase in emerging adulthood?
A) Self-esteem
B) Depressive symptoms
C) Well-being
D) Emotion regulation
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many middle-aged adults display hearing loss that is preventable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ability to resist interference from irrelevant information to stay focused on the task at hand is called:
A) Extraversion
B) Inhibition
C) Generativity
D) Selective attention
Q3) In Japan, where women gain power and responsibility with age, women rarely report hot flashes or other menopausal symptoms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In societies that value youth, women are not as accepting of the bodily changes of menopause.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What cognitive capacity permits middle-aged and older adults to compensate for declines in processing speed?
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does not describe the typical characteristics of an older middle-aged adult as compared to younger adults?
A) They are more autonomous.
B) They are less concerned with the evaluations and expectations of others.
C) They are more concerned with living up to self-chosen ideals and standards.
D) They are more dependent upon their adult children for self-validation.
Q2) In midlife, adults are more likely to choose friends who are different to them in age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What percentage of adults over age 40 have reported experiencing a midlife crisis?
A) 3% to 5%
B) 10% to 20%
C) 25% to 30%
D) 40% to 50%
Q4) What percentage of adults report planning for retirement?
Q5) Midlife adults who need to care for both dependent children and frail elderly parents are considered to be in the _____ generation.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a strong and consistent predictor of cognitive performance and problem-solving tasks in old age?
A) The size of a person's social network
B) Years of formal schooling and literacy levels on reading tests
C) Mental health factors
D) The degree of contact a person has with family members
Q2) How is exercise good for the mind?
Q3) What is the impact of the decline in immune function in older adults?
Q4) Omega-3 is associated with reduced inflammation, reduced degenerative diseases such as arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What type of exercise has been found to strengthen muscles and offset losses into the 90s?
A) Aerobic exercise
B) Strength training
C) Low-impact exercise
D) Resistance exercise
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Q6) How is sensory capacity related to difficulty with working memory in older adults?
Chapter 18: Socioemotional Development in Late
Adulthood and the End of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Katrina has given her son the legal right to make health care decisions on her behalf in the event that she is unable to do so. What advance directive did she prepare?
A) Living will
B) Do not resuscitate (DNR) order
C) Durable power of attorney
D) Estate will
Q2) What is the second set of losses as described in the dual-process model of stress and coping?
A) The life changes that accompany the death
B) An emotional reaction that concerns the grief that comes with losing an attachment figure
C) Discussing the death of the loved one
D) Experiencing the physical reaction to the loss
Q3) Acts or omissions that cause harm to the older person and occur within the context of a trusting relationships is called:
Q4) What is the vocal or silent recall of events in a person's life?
Q5) Why are women in old age more likely than men to live in poverty during the retirement years?
Page 20
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