Human Growth and Development Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Human Growth and Development is an interdisciplinary course that explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from conception through old age. Students examine major theories of development, including those proposed by Freud, Erikson, Piaget, and Vygotsky, and learn to analyze the factors that influence growth such as genetics, environment, culture, and family dynamics. Real-life applications are emphasized through discussion of developmental milestones, challenges, and the impact of life events on individuals at various stages, providing a comprehensive foundation for careers in education, healthcare, counseling, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Infants Children and Adolescents and MyVirtualChild 7th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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17 Chapters
2126 Verified Questions
2126 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23253
Sample Questions
Q1) The most recent revision of Albert Bandura's theory places such a strong emphasis on how children think about themselves and other people that he calls it a(n) _________________ rather than a(n) ___________________ approach.
A) observational learning; social-cognitive
B) social-cognitive; social learning
C) social learning; cognitive
D) social learning; observational learning
Answer: B
Q2) Dr. Snyder used the clinical method to obtain a richly detailed case narrative about Charlie, a 10-year-old college student. Dr. Snyder should be aware that
A) information collected using the clinical method cannot offer insight into factors affecting development.
B) he cannot assume that his conclusions apply, or generalize, to anyone other than Charlie.
C) the information will help him understand the cultural group to which Charlie belongs.
D) ethical guidelines will limit their contact to one or two sessions.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most chromosomal defects result from
A) mistakes during meiosis.
B) germline mutations.
C) mistakes during mitosis.
D) somatic mutations.
Answer: A
Q2) In incomplete dominance,
A) both alleles are expressed in the phenotype.
B) children have a 25 percent chance of being carriers.
C) children have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disorder.
D) one allele is expressed in the phenotype.
Answer: A
Q3) Niche-picking helps us understand why ____________ pairs report similar stressful life events influenced by personal decisions and actions more often than other pairs.
A) same-sex fraternal twin
B) other-sex fraternal twin
C) identical twin
D) adopted sibling
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ have a long period of sensitivity to teratogens.
A) hands and feet
B) palate and mouth
C) arms and legs
D) brain and eyes
Answer: D
Q2) In group prenatal care,
A) expectant mothers are grouped by age, and each group is seen by an assigned health-care provider.
B) trained leaders provide minority expectant mothers with a group discussion session after each medical checkup.
C) expectant mothers and fathers take turns facilitating group discussions.
D) whole families are included in prenatal visits, including mothers, fathers, and siblings.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lightening occurs when the
A) amniotic sac is ruptured.
B) mucus plug is released from the cervix.
C) fetus's head drops low into the uterus.
D) first uterine contractions take place.
Q2) The stepping reflex
A) is permanent.
B) appears at around 3 months.
C) reveals the health of the leg muscles.
D) disappears at around 2 months.
Q3) Describe the signs that indicate that labor is near.
Q4) Which mother is a good candidate for a home delivery?
A) Heather, a healthy 43-year-old who previously had a cesarean delivery
B) Helena, a first-time mom who wants to deliver her own baby unassisted
C) Prudence, a 30-year-old second-time mom, assisted by a certified nurse-midwife
D) Donna, a fifth-time mom whose baby is in a breech position
Q5) Discuss the use of epidural analgesia to control pain during labor, noting the pros and cons of its use.
Q6) What is "kangaroo care"? When and how is it used? What are its benefits?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eleanor and James Gibson describe their theory as___________ because over time a baby detects finer and finer invariant features among stimuli.
A) differentiation
B) discontinuous
C) dynamic
D) bidirectional
Q2) Alexia was born with cataracts in both eyes. What can you tell her parents about when she should have corrective surgery?
A) Alexia should wait to have corrective surgery until adulthood when her eyes are fully mature.
B) Alexia should not have corrective surgery during the first six months of life because her vision would be severely and permanently impaired.
C) The longer cataract surgery is postponed beyond infancy, the less complete Alexia's recovery in visual skills.
D) Alexia should wait until later in childhood to have corrective surgery because there are no sensitive periods in visual development.
Q3) Define and compare the cephalocaudal and prosimodistal trends of growth.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research shows the young children exposed to long hours of mediocre to poor-quality child care
A) score lower on cognitive measures only if they also come from low-SES homes.
B) score lower on language measures, but high on social skills during the preschool years.
C) still show gains in cognitive, emotional, and social competence in the elementary school years.
D) score lower on measures of cognitive and language skills during the preschool and elementary school years.
Q2) Piaget's ___________ stage is the most complex period of development.
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational
Q3) According to Piaget, during ________, children create new schemes or adjust old ones.
A) assimilation
B) disequilibrium
C) organization
D) accommodation
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ babies tend to have mothers who overwhelm them with stimulation.
A) Disorganized/disoriented
B) Avoidant
C) Resistant
D) Secure
Q2) Describe the Attachment Q-Sort. Give some pros and cons of its use over the Strange Situation.
Q3) Research on child care demonstrates that
A) when caregiver-child ratios are generous and caregivers are educated about child development, children develop more favorably.
B) the rate of insecurity is equivalent among infants in child care and those who stay at home with their mothers.
C) mother-child interaction is not affected by the quality of child care or the time spent in child care.
D) even children in high-quality child care have higher rates of insecurity than those who are informally cared for by friends, relatives, or babysitters.
Q4) Describe how living in a family with siblings might have an influence on a child's temperament.
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how motor vehicle use relates to childhood injuries. What are some ways to minimize unintentional injuries during automobile travel?
Q2) For most children, A) activity in the left hemisphere increases slowly throughout early and middle childhood.
B) activity in the left hemisphere peaks between 1 and 3 years and decreases slowly. C) the left hemisphere shows a dramatic growth spurt between ages 3 and 6. D) activity in the right hemisphere increases dramatically between ages 2 and 6.
Q3) Of the 10 million annual deaths of children under age 5 worldwide, ___ percent are due to infectious disease.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 70 D) 98
Q4) Describe the development of drawing in children in Western nations.
Q5) Describe strategies for preventing early otitis media.
Q6) Discuss the use of synthetic growth hormone (GH) to treat short, normal-GH children.
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the _________ approach, young children rely on word meanings to figure out grammatical rules.
A) fast mapping
B) semantic bootstrapping
C) mutual exclusivity
D) syntactic bootstrapping
Q2) Chen, a preschooler, is most likely to view the mind as a(n)
A) active machine.
B) constructive agent that interprets information
C) passive container of information.
D) constantly spinning wheel.
Q3) Compared to Yucatec Mayan preschoolers, Western preschoolers are
A) less sophisticated with make-believe play.
B) more able to sit quietly for long periods.
C) more autonomous.
D) less competent at self-care.
Q4) Explain how adults can foster preschoolers' language development.
Q5) Explain what Piaget's famous conservation tasks reveal about preoperational children's thinking.
Page 11
Q6) How are a Piagetian and Vygotskian classroom similar? How do they differ?
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children from 4 to 7 years old regard friendship as
A) an understanding of thoughts and feelings.
B) pleasurable play and sharing of toys.
C) based on mutual trust.
D) long-term and enduring.
Q2) Kevin's parents make few or no demands. They permit Kevin to make many decisions before he is ready. Kevin's parents have a(n) ___________ style of child rearing.
A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) uninvolved
Q3) Three-year-old Connor is asked to choose the child who is the "most wrong." Which child is Connor the most likely to choose?
A) a child eating ice cream with her fingers
B) a child who does not say "please" when she asks her friend to pass the water
C) a child who hits her sister for no reason
D) a boy who wears his long hair in a ponytail
Q4) Define self-concept and self-esteem. How do they contribute to young children's development?
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Willemina's mom is concerned that she is not eating a well-balanced diet. One solution is to
A) make sure she eats three healthy meals a day, but allow at least one junk food snack between meals.
B) keep cheese, fruit, raw vegetables, and peanut butter readily available for snacks.
C) make sure to have new, novel healthy food items available for snacks.
D) allow her to make her own food choices because children naturally select balanced diets.
Q2) Jonathan, age 10, was born underweight because his mother smoked during pregnancy. Jonathan is at risk for A) obesity.
B) anorexia.
C) bulimia.
D) a fast basal metabolism.
Q3) Physically small children tend to live in A) tropical climates.
B) less developed regions.
C) countries where food is plentiful.
D) wealthy nations.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elena moved to the United States from Guatemala when she was 6 years old. Research shows that if her school curriculum integrates both Spanish and English, she will
A) be semilingual.
B) gradually lose her Spanish.
C) fall behind in reading skills.
D) acquire English more easily.
Q2) Which of the following is true about magnet schools?
A) The less-segregated education provided in a magnet school enhances minority student achievement.
B) Magnet schools are usually located in high-SES areas and bus in those from low-income, minority areas.
C) Magnet schools are voluntarily segregated.
D) Magnet schools typically serve a homogeneous student population.
Q3) When children of the same age are tested, the greatest impact on transitive inference skills comes from
A) schooling.
B) age.
C) gender.
D) ethnicity.
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Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ellie was sexually abused as a child. This increases her chances of ________ in adulthood.
A) engaging in authoritative parenting
B) engaging in coercive parenting
C) choosing a nonabusive partner
D) avoiding sexual activity
Q2) Samantha is a stay-at-home mother who is considering going back to work. She is concerned about the impact on her children's adjustment. To provide her children with the greatest benefits, Samantha could
A) work part-time with a flexible work schedule.
B) select a job that she does not really enjoy so that she will not be tempted to get caught up in her work.
C) remain a stay-at-home mom until her kids leave home.
D) select a full-time job that will quickly get her acclimated to being away from her family.
Q3) Describe the characteristics of, and explain the difference between, popular-prosocial and popular-antisocial children.
Q4) Discuss blended families and describe some support options available to them.
Q5) Describe the features of friendship in middle childhood.
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that
A) the biological upheaval of puberty triggers heightened emotionality, conflict, and defiance of adults.
B) the social environment has a greater impact on adolescent behavior than the biological events associated with puberty.
C) adolescence resembles the period in which humans evolved from savages into civilized beings.
D) during adolescence, instinctual drives shift to the genital region of the body, resulting in conflict and volatile, unpredictable behavior.
Q2) ________ influence girls' height spurt and stimulate growth of underarm and pubic hair.
A) Adrenal androgens
B) Estrogens
C) Testosterones
D) A combination of GH and estrogen
Q3) Explain why adolescence is extended in industrialized nations, including the three phases of adolescence.
Q4) Describe the secular trend in pubertal timing in industrialized nations.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Students who had academic difficulties in addition to mental health problems during junior high ___________ after the transition to high school.
A) showed grade improvements
B) showed increased out-of-school problem behaviors
C) experienced an increase in self-esteem
D) had fewer mental health problems
Q2) For adolescents, propositional thought
A) limits their reasoning to the here and now.
B) prevents them from solving the red-and-green poker chip problem.
C) provides them with access to new realms of knowledge, such as higher math. D) enables them to get along better with their peers.
Q3) Libby is good at playing the flute and likes the pleasure music gives to others. As a result, she thinks she might want to be a musician. She is likely in the ________ phase of vocational development.
A) capability
B) tentative
C) realistic
D) fantasy
Q4) Explain why teenagers have difficulty with decision making.
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rates of adolescent depression are similar for males and females in A) developing countries.
B) industrialized nations.
C) adolescence, but not in adulthood.
D) inner-cities.
Q2) After high school, Tom entered college while his brother Jay went to work. Which of the following is true?
A) Jay will probably settle on a self-definition before Tom.
B) Jay is unlikely to reach identity achievement.
C) Tom is at greater risk for identity diffusion than Jay.
D) Tom and Jay are unlikely to differ in their paths to identity.
Q3) Collectivist cultures place moral responsibility on the entire society. This raises a question about whether Kohlberg's highest stages
A) represent a culturally specific rather than universal way of thinking.
B) represent hypothetical constructs or real-life dilemmas.
C) are limited to non-Western societies.
D) can be attained by young people in industrialized nations.
Q4) Describe the four identity statuses described by James Marcia, and cite factors that promote identity development.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Emerging Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true?
A) More U.S. young people today vote than in previous generations.
B) More U.S. young people today engage in political party activities than in previous generations.
C) During emerging adulthood, attendance at religious services drops to its lowest level throughout the lifespan.
D) Emerging adults who view religion as important in their lives engage in less community service.
Q2) Which of the following young adults is more likely to experience emerging adulthood?
A) Indira, who comes from a low-income family in India
B) Mae Ling, who comes from a wealthy family in China
C) Isabel, who comes from a middle-income family in Brazil
D) Estevan, who comes from a low-income family in Mexico
Q3) During emerging adulthood, supportive family, school, and community environments
A) are crucial, just as they were at earlier stages of development.
B) are not nearly as important as they were in earlier stages of development.
C) can sometimes interfere with mature identity development.
D) are more important to affluent young people than their lower-SES counterparts.
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