Human Growth and Development Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Human Growth and Development explores the complex processes of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development throughout the human lifespan, from conception through old age. The course examines foundational theories and research related to developmental milestones, including the influence of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors on individuals at various life stages. Students will analyze typical and atypical patterns of growth, investigate the interplay between genetics and environment, and consider practical applications for supporting healthy development in diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Children Play and Development 4th Edition by Fergus P. Hughes
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10 Chapters
476 Verified Questions
476 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Historical and Theoretical Viewpoints
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "The major value of play is that it reduces the various forms of anxiety that are found in preschool children". This statement most closely represents the view of play expressed by
A) Herbert Spencer.
B) Jean Piaget.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Daniel Berlyne.
E) Greta Fein.
Answer: C
Q2) Lev Vygotsky referred to the distance between the child's actual performance when working alone and potential ability in a different social context as the
Answer: zone of prox?imal development
Q3) The toy making industry did not appear until the early part of the twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethological and Cultural Perspectives
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are a number of obvious similarities between the play of human beings and the play of lower animals. Describe four of these similarities.
Answer: -In all species of mammals, play is characteristic of the young in each species and is seen in adults to a much lesser degree.
-Play involves an element of pretense and an application of behaviors or skills out of context (e. g. pretending to cook, pretending to fight).
-Play provides an opportunity to safely practice skills that will be needed in the real world (language, building, conservation of volume). This allows for changing roles as children develop into adults.
-Play allows for children to interact socially and experiment with a variety of social roles.
-Play allows for various acts of aggression that may be a part of role playing and social posturing.
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Chapter 3: The First 2 Years of Life
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a demonstrated benefit of mother-infant play?
A) It keeps the infant at an optimal level of arousal.
B) It increases the infant's intelligence.
C) It fosters self-confidence in the infant.
D) It facilitates the process of parent-child attachment.
E) It encourages the infant to explore its surroundings.
Answer: B
Q2) Compared to Americans, Mexican children
A) show no interest in playing with their younger siblings.
B) resemble American mothers in their degree of involvement in play with younger siblings.
C) are too involved in the actual raising of younger siblings to play with them.
D) are usually cruel, or at best indifferent, toward younger siblings.
Answer: B
Q3) There is a relationship between the development of pretend play and the development of ______________.
Answer: language
Q4) When toddlers show signs that they can take turns in play, we refer to their play as
Answer: reciprocal.
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Preschool Years: From 2 to 5
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the five categories of social play that were identified in the 1930's by Mildred Parten, and explain how children progress through these categories between the ages of two and five.
Q2) Most children start putting words into two-word phrases by the time they are 12-15 months of age.
A)True
B)False
Q3) While working at the easel, Joshua makes the following offer to Stephanie: "I'll let you use my yellow paint if you let me have some red." This interchange illustrates the concept of ___________ play.
A) solitary
B) cooperative
C) associative
D) onlooker
E) parallel
Q4) It is not until the age of three that children clearly know the difference between reality and make-believe
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Play in Later Childhood and Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) American high school students simply talk to one another for approximately 2.5 hours a day.
A)True B)False
Q2) More than _________ million children participate in youth sports every year in the United States.
Q3) Which is not true of ego-oriented athletes as compare to task-oriented athletes?
A) Both groups are equal in their actual enjoyment of athletics.
B) Ego-oriented players are less sportsmanlike.
C) Ego-oriented players are more likely to see highly aggressive play as acceptable.
D) Ego-oriented athletes are more likely to miss practices.
E) Ego-oriented athletes are less willing to work hard to improve.
Q4) While play as a category of activity all but disappears during adolescence in most non-Western cultures, it is replaced in the United States and European countries by
Q5) There is a decrease in make-believe play during the elementary school years.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 6: Gender Differences in Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Boys with the strongest preference for masculine-stereotyped toys demonstrate superior performance on tasks requiring spa?tial skills and score higher on _________ and _________ achievement tests.
Q2) Boys at nine months of age spend more time looking at traditional boys' toys than at those judged appropriate for girls.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Girls tend to play in large groups, while boys are more likely to play with just one or two friends.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Girls with congential adrenal hyperplasia, when compared to girls who do not experience this condition
A) are more likely to play with mother and baby dolls.
B) are more likely to play with blocks and toy trucks.
C) avoid rough and tumble play of any sort.
D) show no interest in play at all.
E) are unable to engage in make believe play.
Q5) In fantasy play, girls are more willing than boys to play ___________ roles.
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Chapter 7: Play in Special Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The classic "Sally and Anne" study is an example of a _________ experiment, which is the most widely used task to indicate the presence of a theory of mind.
Q2) Children with intellectual deficits seem to get less pleasure from toys than do typically developing children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe some of the emotional reactions of hospitalized children that indicate that a hospital stay can be a highly stressful experience. What is there about hospitalization that is so stressful for many children?
Q4) Hospitalization is often so stressful an experience for young children that it can actually delay recovery.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Children with autism rarely engage in _________ play, and when they attempt to do so they are less successful than the typically developing child.
Q6) Young children with hearing difficulties engage in lesser amounts of ___________ make-believe play.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Play and Intellectual Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Preschool children often fail to use logic when they classify and instead rely only on
Q2) Play materials such as paint and clay fit into the category of _______ toys.
A) fluid construction
B) structured construction
C) microsymbolic
D) macrosymbolic
Q3) Both literacy and make-believe play involve __________ language, meaning that the words used often refer to objects not immediately present.
Q4) The concept of emergent literacy means that
A) children start to become literate long before they are actually able to read and write.
B) the ability to read and write appears very suddenly at the age of five.
C) children should not be given books to play with until they are able to read.
D) children are able to read much earlier than most adults realize.
E) reading cannot be taught to children, and they will do it when they're ready.
Q5) Divergent thinking is involved in creativity but convergent thinking is not.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: The Social Benefits of Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Six-year-old Sarah rarely interacted with other children while her behavior was being observed by a psychologist one day, she never engaged in games of any sort, and she typically played alone. What can be concluded about Sarah?
A) Her behavior is typical of a six-year-old.
B) She is a normal child who is having a bad day.
C) No conclusions can be drawn from such limited samples of behavior.
D) She is a child with social interaction problems.
E) She was uncomfortable because of the presence of the observer.
Q2) Which of the following conditions is not a prerequisite of social play?
A) The child must distinguish between reality and make-believe.
B) The child must obey rules for taking turns.
C) All players must share in the development of the fantasy theme.
D) Once the theme of the play has been established, no variations may occur.
E) The child must have a firm grasp on reality.
Q3) Most of the evidence that experience with creative movement/dance can enhance social competence is in the form of _______ ______ _______.
Q4) In one study it was found that when slow, soothing music was played in the background, children were more likely to engage in ________ play with a peer.
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Chapter 10: The Uses of Play in Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychoanalytic therapist today focus on present realities rather than on __________ mechanisms rooted in the past.
Q2) Directive approaches to therapy seem to result in more significant improvements than non-directive approaches, such as the relationship approach.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Anna Freud believed that she could work effectively with a child even if that child had no motivation to bring about change.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most effective treatment seemed to involve between ___ and ___ sessions, and the results are less impressive when more or fewer sessions are conducted.
Q5) List and discuss five reasons why play is seen by psychologists as an essential component of child psychotherapy.
Q6) What are the limits that are usually established in non-directive therapy with children, and why are these limits seen as necessary?
Q7) Play Analysis was an approach to therapy developed by ________ ________.
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