Human Factors Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Human Factors Psychology explores the interaction between humans and various systems, products, and environments, aiming to enhance performance, safety, and usability. The course examines psychological principles related to perception, cognition, and behavior, and how these affect human capabilities and limitations in complex tasks. Topics include ergonomic design, human-computer interaction, workload assessment, decision-making, and the prevention of human error. By integrating theory with practical case studies, students learn to apply human factors methodologies to optimize system design and improve user experience across a range of industries, including transportation, healthcare, and consumer technology.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 2nd Edition by Bennett L. Schwartz
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15 Chapters
903 Verified Questions
903 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most scientists believe that vision and hearing should be considered part of the same sensory system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The placebo effect is an example of ______.
A)aftereffect
B)transduction
C)the size-arrival effect
D)cognitive penetration
Answer: D
Q3) The proprioception system allows us to ______.
A)keep our balance
B)process temperatures
C)monitor body position
D)identify pressure
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG).Be sure to include both similarities and differences in your analysis.
Answer: Both EEG and MEG detect rapid changes in the brain, and both can be used to make special maps of the brain.There are several important differences between these two technologies, however.EEG uses electrodes to detect brain signals, while MEG uses magnetic sensors to detect magnetic fields caused by the brain's electrical activity.EEG provides a more precise time scale for changes in the brain than MEG does, but MEG provides better special maps.
Q2) Which neuroimaging technique uses electrodes to determine the time course of perceptual processes?
A)EEG
B)MEG
C)fMRI
D)TMS
Answer: A
Q3) Masking occurs when two different senses are stimulated simultaneously.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Visual System: The Eye
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Sample Questions
Q1) A single particle of light is known as ______.
A)an electromagnetic particle
B)a solenoid
C)an emanation crown
D)a photon
Answer: D
Q2) Keyon enjoys exploring caves.Upon emerging from a very dark cave, he squints at first, but then he adjusts to the bright sunshine.This process is known as ______ adaptation.
A)dark
B)light
C)transition
D)gradient
Answer: B
Q3) The greatest density of cones can be found in the ______.
A)iris
B)hypocratus
C)fovea
D)optic disc
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Visual System: The Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spared visual function in blindsight is likely associated with ______.
A)touch and audition
B)the 10% of optic nerve fibers that travel to the superior colliculus
C)spared visual function from cells within V4 and V5
D)memory and prediction
Q2) The presence of visual abilities in the absence of the visual cortex is known as ______.
A)retinitis pigmentosa
B)psychiatric blindness
C)blindsight
D)global agnosia
Q3) A patient has suffered significant damage to V5.Which of the following is the most likely result?
A)object agnosia
B)inability to recognize faces
C)lack of color vision
D)inability to describe motion
Q4) V1 is a precise map of the retina.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Object Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quiroga et al.(2005) examined single-cell recordings of human beings prior to brain surgery.What did they find?
A)The FFA becomes active during the recognition of face-like stimuli, such as symbolic smiley faces.
B)The occipital face region does not respond to non-human faces, such as those of monkeys.
C)There were neurons within the inferotemporal cortex that are sensitive to the racial characteristics of individuals.
D)Specific cells in the medial temporal lobe appeared to be specific to individual people.
Q2) Gestalt psychology is a school of psychologists who believe that ______.
A)human perception focuses on the smallest piece
B)the human brain lacks self-organizing tendencies
C)human perception focuses on the big picture
D)the human brain must rely on unconscious inference
Q3) Information flows from the occipital lobe to the inferotemporal area.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the relationship between recognition and top-down processing?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Color Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The principle whereby any single cone system is colorblind, in the sense that different combinations of wavelength and intensity can result in the same response from the cone system, is known as ______.
A)cone specificity
B)color deficient theory
C)univariance
D)deuteranopia
Q2) Explain how and why color perception can change as adults age.
Q3) An object that reflects all light of all wavelengths from its surface will be perceived as ______.
A)red
B)blue
C)black
D)white
Q4) Which of the following is the least common of the cones that are found in the retinae?
A)R-cone
B)M-cone
C)L-cone
D)S-cone
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Chapter 7: Depth and Size Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Size constancy is the perception of an object having a different size, even though the size of the visual angle remains the same.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Where are disparity-tuned cells found in the visual cortex?
A)in V1 and V3
B)in V1 and the lateral geniculate nucleus
C)in both the ventral and dorsal pathways
D)in the lateral geniculate nucleus and dorsal pathways
Q3) As Ramon stares at a photograph of Jean standing in a garden, he judges that Jean is about five feet away from a decorative statue.To make this judgment, Ramon uses ______.
A)movement-based cues
B)pictorial cues
C)stereo cues
D)monocular depth cues
Q4) Accommodation is considered an oculomotor cue to depth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain diplopia and give an example.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Movement and Action
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Sample
Questions
Q1) In a study by Becker and Zeki (1995), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the MT of healthy volunteers.What happened?
A)The perception of moving objects appeared to speed up for the participants.
B)Objects that were not moving appeared to be moving as long as the TMS was turned on.
C)Participants experienced a temporary inability to perceive motion.
D)The TMS caused participants to see moving objects as blurred images.
Q2) Information in the visual world that specifies how that information can be used is known as a(n) ______.
A)action potential
B)motion aftereffect
C)affordance
D)Reichardt detector
Q3) Corollary discharge theory is the theory that the motion perception occurs before eye movements, but that apparent motion is discounted when considering spontaneous decisions to make eye movements.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe how motion-sensitive neurons account for speed and direction.
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Chapter 9: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the oddball procedure, an infant is shown a series of pictures of related objects, such as different kinds of balls.Then the infant is presented with an object from a different category, such as a toy animal.Research finds that ______.
A)infants as young as four months orient toward a novel object
B)infants remember objects from the familiar category better than the novel items
C)attention is focused on the familiar items
D)it is not until a child is approximately 1 year old that one sees a familiarity preference
Q2) Attentional capture is the process whereby a salient stimulus causes us to shift attention to that stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There is evidence to suggest that video game players ______.
A)show reduced attentional blink
B)will eventually develop blindsight
C)show higher reaction times than normal in RSVP studies
D)develop increased change blindness
Q4) How does binocular rivalry demonstrate the top-down processing of perception?
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11
Chapter 10: The Auditory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Harmonics are the higher frequencies present in a complex sound that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A tone of 20 Hz will cause the greatest displacement along what end of the basilar membrane?
A)apex
B)base
C)perilymph
D)oval window
Q3) The organ of Corti is the ______.
A)area in the cochlea that dampens loud sounds
B)first area of the auditory cortex that receives auditory input
C)subcortical region of the brain that translates incoming sound into head movements
D)structure on the basilar membrane that houses the hair cells that transduce sound into a neural signal
Q4) How do the parts of a cochlear implant work together.
Q5) Describe the parts of the middle ear and how they work together.
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Chapter 11: The Auditory Brain and Sound Localization
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Q1) Explain spectral segregation and give an example.
Q2) Anna hears several sounds coming from the same location, and her brain groups them together.This is an example of spectral segregation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Like the visual system, the auditory system appears to have both a "what" and "where" system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What qualities does a concert hall with good acoustics have? How do architects achieve these qualities?
Q5) High-frequency sonar enables bats to hunt for ______.
A)insects
B)eagles
C)geese
D)people
Q6) Give an example of how bats use biosonar to determine the size and distance of targets.
Q7) Explain spatial segregation and give an example.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Speech Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Formants are frequency bands with higher amplitudes among the harmonics of a vowel sound; each individual vowel sound has a specific pattern of formants.
A)True
B)False
Q2) You want to convince your colleagues that there is a special mechanism underlying speech recognition, not a general mechanism.To do so, you could cite research into how ______ of the brain responds to the sounds of human speech.
A)the voice area
B)Pasley's area
C)Wernicke's area
D)Broca's area
Q3) ______ is an important area in the production of speech that is located in the left frontal lobe.
A)Wernicke's area
B)McGurk's area
C)Brodmann area 22
D)Broca's area
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Music Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two tones that can be expressed as a simple ratio of each other tend to sound pleasant when played together.This relates to the concept of ______.
A)consonance
B)dissonance
C)assonance
D)convergence
Q2) Juan is learning to play the trumpet.His instructor asks him to listen to recordings of various instruments so he can learn to discriminate different notes and sounds.Juan hears a C played at 261.1 Hz, and then another very similar sounding note played by the same instrument at 523.2 Hz.Juan should recognize the second note as a(n) ______.
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
Q3) Synesthesia is a condition in which a stimulus in one modality consistently triggers a response in another modality.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Touch and Pain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a distinction among the three neuroanatomical regions of the primary somatosensory cortex?
A)Each region receives input from a particular tract in the somatosensory system.
B)Two of the regions are responsible for the somatosensory system, but the third responds to the vestibular system.
C)Only one of the regions receives input directly from the dorsal root ganglion.
D)Despite each region being a different size, there are no functional differences among the regions.
Q2) The dorsal somatosensory system is associated with ______.
A)determining the "what" of an object from somatosensory input
B)determining the "how" of temperature level from somatosensory input
C)the "where" system, allowing the control of guided movements on the basis of input from the somatosensory system
D)the "when" system, allowing the brain to perceive how much time has elapsed since the occurrence of an event
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16
Chapter 15: Olfaction and Taste
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify an animal that is microsmatic, and briefly describe what that means, using a person for comparison.
Q2) Natural gas is treated with a substance that gives it a smell in order to ______.
A)easily detect leaks
B)reduce production costs
C)make it less flammable
D)prolong its shelf-life
Q3) Jana is working on her car in the garage because it is cold outside.She begins to feel sleepy and nods off.Just then her father comes into the garage and tells her she forgot to shut off the kerosene heater, and she is lucky to be alive.She exclaims that she did not smell any fumes.Briefly explain how her olfactory system let her down in this instance.
Q4) The painful or burning sensation caused by capsaicin in chili peppers is caused by its activation in the ______.
A)trigeminal nerve
B)cribriform plate
C)turbinate nucleus
D)A-delta fibers
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