Human Development Practice
Questions
Course Introduction
Human Development explores the psychological, biological, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from conception to old age. Students will examine key developmental theories, milestones, and the influence of family, culture, and environment on growth in areas such as cognition, emotional regulation, language, personality, and moral reasoning. The course emphasizes a holistic understanding of human growth, addressing both typical and atypical development and applying research findings to real-world contexts in education, healthcare, and family life.
Recommended Textbook
Personality 8th Edition by Jerry M. Burger
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963 Verified Questions
963 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Personality?
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51 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Asking people to respond to ambiguous stimuli is an example of personality
A)theory.
B)assessment.
C)application.
D)research.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following questions would a personality psychologist ask?
A)Why are certain types of people prone to depression?
B)Why are some people always in a positive mood?
C)How can job satisfaction in employees be predicted?
D)All of these
Answer: D
Q3) Consider the issue in psychology of free will versus determinism as discussed in your textbook. Which approach to personality represents an extreme position on this issue?
A)Psychoanalytic approach
B)Trait approach
C)Humanistic approach
D)Cognitive approach
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) When conducting personality research,in most cases a researcher should
A)begin with a theory from which the hypothesis is derived.
B)wait until the results are in before deciding what the hypothesis is.
C)use the most recent personality tests available.
D)wait until seeing the data before deciding which theory the results support.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is the correlation coefficient indicating the strongest relationship?
A)-.62
B).00
C).89
D)-.05
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following does a correlation coefficient not tell us?
A)If the difference between two means reflects a real difference or can be attributed to chance fluctuation.
B)The strength of a relationship between two measures.
C)The direction of a relationship between two measures.
D)How well a score on one measure can be predicted by a score on another.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application,
and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the relationship between the ego and the id?
A)The ego's function is to thwart id impulses.
B)The ego and id work together to overcome powerful superego impulses.
C)The ego works to satisfy id impulses in a socially acceptable manner.
D)The ego works with the superego to block the expression of id impulses.
Answer: C
Q2) A man has a strong unconscious urge to cheat his business associates,but he complains that he can't trust them because they will cheat and steal from him if he gives them half a chance.The man is exhibiting
A)displacement.
B)denial.
C)reaction formation.
D)projection.
Answer: D
Q3) The defense mechanism upon which the whole structure of psychoanalysis rests is the one known as repression.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research
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Q1) According to the textbook,the many theories of hypnosis can be roughly placed along a continuum depending on how they deal with the question of what is
A)posthypnotic amnesia.
B)the hypnotic trance.
C)the motivation behind hypnosis.
D)modifiability of susceptibility.
Q2) Which of the following best describes the cross-cultural findings when comparing the frequencies of male and female characters in dreams?
A)Although there are a few exceptions, the frequencies found in American samples tend to be found in other cultures as well.
B)American and European samples show different frequencies than non-Western samples.
C)Male characters tend to show up in dreams more frequently in male-dominated societies.
D)Although a consistent pattern is found in the results from different American samples, no clear pattern emerges when looking at studies using participants from other cultures.
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Chapter 5: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian
Theory, Application, and Assessment
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53 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The snake is a universal symbol of evil.This is represented symbolically in art,folklore,and religious stories throughout time and across cultures.Which theorist would consider this observation as evidence to support his theory?
A)Freud
B)Jung
C)Adler
D)Horney
Q2) Researchers turn life stories into data by which of the following methods?
A)Judging transcripts of interview recordings
B)Computing scores on an inventory
C)Judging pictures of significant life events
D)None of these
Q3) The neo-Freudian theorist who named his approach analytic psychology was Erik Erikson.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Adler's assessment of middle children was positive.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research
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Q1) Fears of abandonment and being left alone characterize which of the following categories of adult attachment?
A)Secure
B)Avoidant
C)Dismissing
D)Fearful
Q2) Securely attached adults reported in a newspaper survey that they had been in their current relationship
A)for more than 10 years.
B)for less than six years.
C)since puberty.
D)for more than 30 years.
Q3) State the early version of the distinction between active and avoidant coping strategies. Give some examples of a person's response to stress from each end of the dimension. Distinguish coping strategies that are problem-focused from emotion-focused strategies. State the relative effectiveness of these different strategies.
Q4) Karen Horney agreed with Freud that unconscious conflicts often trigger anxiety.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
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Q1) According to Allport,which of the following is true about central traits?
A)They are basically the same for all people.
B)They are useful when examining personality through the nomothetic approach.
C)They are useful when examining personality through the idiographic approach.
D)They are comprised of a number of secondary traits.
Q2) Alicia has an active imagination and a strong intellectual curiosity. She likes new ideas and unconventional ways of looking at problems. Alicia is probably high in
A)agreeableness.
B)neuroticism.
C)conscientiousness.
D)openness.
Q3) Sometimes test makers include the same test questions more than once on the test.This is done to detect which potential problem?
A)Faking good
B)Faking bad
C)Carelessness and sabotage
D)Social desirability
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Trait Approach: Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the early failure to uncover a significant relationship between Type A behavior and heart disease occurred because
A)Type A is a collection of several behavioral tendencies only one of which may cause health problems.
B)Type A behavior caused heart disease in the past but not anymore.
C)the first studies that predicted heart attacks were lucky.
D)self-report inventories are unreliable.
Q2) Predictably,high need achievers work hard at everything and tackle tasks with the potential for personal achievement with much energy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is true about gender and achievement?
A)Men and women act similarly in achievement settings.
B)Men and women differ in the way they define success.
C)Women in our society are more likely to see success in terms of external standards.
D)Men and women assign similar values to achievement tasks.
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Chapter 9: The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A psychologist purchases an electroencephalograph (EEG)for use in his research.The psychologist is interested in measuring A)intelligence.
B)muscle tension.
C)heart rate.
D)brain-wave activity.
Q2) According to the evolutionary psychology perspective,the process of social exclusion leads to anxiety because A)people fear that others will punish them.
B)experiencing anxiety serves an important survival function.
C)each of us is reminded of a traumatic experience in childhood.
D)all of these
Q3) Alison becomes very anxious when she has to give a speech in front of an audience.Advocates of evolutionary personality theory might call Alison's problem an example of anxiety caused by A)conditioning.
B)an inherited temperament.
C)a fear of social exclusion.
D)a fear of novel situations.
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Chapter 10: The Biological Approach: Relevant Research
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Q1) Compared to the results obtained using other research methods,the results from twin-study research
A)probably underestimate the role of genetics in personality.
B)make a stronger case for the role of genetic influences on personality.
C)are less subject to criticisms about underlying assumptions.
D)often are not replicated.
Q2) Research has found that extraverts are not always happier than introverts. Why not?
A)Extraverts are more likely to be impulsive.
B)Extraverts are more likely to be socially active.
C)Introverts do not involve themselves in activities that increase feelings of competence and worth.
D)Extraverts are more sensitive to positive feedback.
Q3) The assumption that MZ and DZ twins are raised in equally similar environments can be problematic. Which of the following is a problem?
A)DZ twins may be treated more alike than identical twins.
B)MZ twins purposefully join different clubs and have different friends.
C)MZ twins may share more of their environment than DZ twins.
D)All of these
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Chapter 11: The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Rogers,clients are able to overcome defenses and accept experiences that have been denied and distorted when they
A)experience conditional positive regard.
B)experience unconditional positive regard.
C)think about what they are saying to the therapist.
D)have a good self-concept.
Q2) For Abraham Maslow,the turning point in his thinking about human personality came while he was
A)watching a World War II parade.
B)listening to a lecture on psychoanalysis.
C)wondering about the best techniques for therapy.
D)playing in a football game in college.
Q3) According to Maslow,a man who has satisfied his physiological and safety needs will probably become highly aware of his need for
A)friends and a romantic relationship
B)self-respect
C)respect from his peers
D)self-actualization
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Chapter 12: The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is characteristic of people who frequently experience loneliness?
A)They enter a conversation with overly high expectations that the other person will like them immediately.
B)They have a naively optimistic view of other people.
C)They are relatively unaware of their faults and personal limitations.
D)They appear to show little interest in getting to know other people.
Q2) Researchers using the experience sampling method typically discover that
A)most people find time by themselves less pleasant than time spent with others.
B)most people find time spent in solitude more pleasant than time spent with others.
C)teenagers spend more time in solitude than adults.
D)the amount of time we spend in solitude decreases as we age.
Q3) Compared to those who score low on loneliness scales,people who score high on these scales tend to
A)have just as many friends.
B)spend just as much time around other people.
C)enter social encounters expecting that things will not go well.
D)form just as good a first impression.
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Chapter 13: The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach:
Theory,Application,and Assessment
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Q1) According to Bandura,we learn many behaviors by observing models.Whether or not we perform these behaviors depends on
A)our expectations for rewards and punishments.
B)the reinforcement value of the rewards.
C)generalized expectancies.
D)whether we are children or adults.
Q2) Token economy treatment programs are based on what concept?
A)Classical conditioning
B)Operant conditioning
C)Self-efficacy
D)Observational learning
Q3) Which of the following statements is not correct?
A)Punishment does not teach appropriate behaviors.
B)To be effective, punishment must be delivered immediately and consistently.
C)Punishment can have negative side effects, such as creating negative associations through classical conditioning.
D)In most cases, punishment is the most effective way to reduce an unwanted behavior.
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Chapter 14: The Behavioral Social Learning Approach:
Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behaviorists and social learning theorists maintain gender differences are the result of a life-long process called identity formation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research on individual differences in locus of control originated from the theorizing of
A)B. F. Skinner.
B)Albert Bandura.
C)Julian Rotter.
D)Henry Murray.
Q3) Who among the following is likely high in unmitigated communion?
A)Belinda, a surgeon who sacrifices her own needs and interests to care for all her patients.
B)Matilda, who sees her personal value in terms of how well others think she takes care of her family.
C)Bernard, who subjugates his needs to the needs of the others in his office.
D)All of these
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Chapter 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologist William James once referred to what the world looks like to a baby as A)"magical objects in space."
B)a "blur of colors and faces."
C)a "bussing, blooming confusion."
D)"totally out of focus."
Q2) Jennifer answers quickly when asked if her mother is introverted,but it takes her longer to answer when asked if her next-door neighbor is introverted.Schema researchers would interpret this to mean that
A)Jennifer has a well-developed schema for her mother.
B)Jennifer does not have a well-defined schema for introversion.
C)Introversion is probably not part of Jennifer's self-schema.
D)Jennifer's mother is probably introverted.
Q3) According to Kelly,well-adjusted people
A)have stable construct systems that they know will almost always allow them to predict events.
B)have relatively few, but very efficient, personal constructs.
C)constantly replace old, inadequate constructs with new ones.
D)can readily describe in a few words the constructs they use.
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Chapter 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does the depressive schema work? Explain how depressive thoughts are related to depressing feelings and contrast the outlook on life between most normal people and depressed individuals.
Q2) According to depressive schema theory,compared to nondepressed people,depressed individuals are more likely to A)generate thoughts that cause them to become depressed. B)change their ideas about who they are and what they want from life. C)have a high self-image that is consistently contradicted by objective facts. D)have experienced trauma in childhood.
Q3) Women and men differ in the kinds of information they recall. Researchers explain this in terms of differences in the way men and women A)make an effort to remember.
B)form cognitive representations of themselves. C)have been trained to remember information in school. D)mature intellectually.
Q4) The cognitive approach maintains that negative thoughts are a symptom of depression.
A)True
B)False
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